Oncofertility: Difference between revisions
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==Fertility Options for Women== |
==Fertility Options for Women== |
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Options for women to have children after cancer have increased significantly in recent years.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.09.012 |title=Fertility considerations in the management of gynecologic malignancies |year=2011 |last1=Noyes |first1=Nicole |last2=Knopman |first2=Jaime M. |last3=Long |first3=Kara |last4=Coletta |first4=Jaclyn M. |last5=Abu-Rustum |first5=Nadeem R. |journal=Gynecologic Oncology |volume=120 |issue=3 |pages=326–33 |pmid=20943258}}</ref> Women should be counseled on established options such as [[Egg Banking]] in which hormonal stimulation causes the production of multiple eggs, which are removed and frozen for storage and future use, and Ovarian Transposition and Shielding in which ovaries can be surgically moved or shielded from the area receiving radiation.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-6518-9_31 |pmc=3071538 |isbn=978-1-4419-6517-2 |chapter=Counseling and Consenting Women with Cancer on Their Oncofertility Options: A Clinical Perspective |title=Oncofertility |series=Cancer Treatment and Research |year=2010 |last1=Jungheim |first1=Emily S. |last2=Carson |first2=Kenneth R. |last3=Brown |first3=Douglas |volume=156 |pages=403}}</ref> This technique does not protect against the effects of chemotherapy. Experimental techniques include [[Oocyte cryopreservation|Embryo Banking]] in which hormonal stimulation causes the production of multiple eggs, which are removed, fertilized by sperm, and frozen for future use, and [[Ovarian Tissue Banking]] in which an ovary is surgically removed and frozen to be transplanted back into the woman when she is ready to have children. Scientists are also working on ways to mature undeveloped eggs from this ovarian tissue. After sterilizing cancer treatment, a woman can also choose [[Surrogacy]] when a woman carries a pregnancy for another woman or couple or adoption. Recent efforts also investigate the implications of a cancer diagnosis during pregnancy.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=21927621 |year=2011 |last1=Duncan |first1= |
Options for women to have children after cancer have increased significantly in recent years.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.09.012 |title=Fertility considerations in the management of gynecologic malignancies |year=2011 |last1=Noyes |first1=Nicole |last2=Knopman |first2=Jaime M. |last3=Long |first3=Kara |last4=Coletta |first4=Jaclyn M. |last5=Abu-Rustum |first5=Nadeem R. |journal=Gynecologic Oncology |volume=120 |issue=3 |pages=326–33 |pmid=20943258}}</ref> Women should be counseled on established options such as [[Egg Banking]] in which hormonal stimulation causes the production of multiple eggs, which are removed and frozen for storage and future use, and Ovarian Transposition and Shielding in which ovaries can be surgically moved or shielded from the area receiving radiation.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-6518-9_31 |pmc=3071538 |isbn=978-1-4419-6517-2 |chapter=Counseling and Consenting Women with Cancer on Their Oncofertility Options: A Clinical Perspective |title=Oncofertility |series=Cancer Treatment and Research |year=2010 |last1=Jungheim |first1=Emily S. |last2=Carson |first2=Kenneth R. |last3=Brown |first3=Douglas |volume=156 |pages=403}}</ref> This technique does not protect against the effects of chemotherapy. Experimental techniques include [[Oocyte cryopreservation|Embryo Banking]] in which hormonal stimulation causes the production of multiple eggs, which are removed, fertilized by sperm, and frozen for future use, and [[Ovarian Tissue Banking]] in which an ovary is surgically removed and frozen to be transplanted back into the woman when she is ready to have children. Scientists are also working on ways to mature undeveloped eggs from this ovarian tissue. After sterilizing cancer treatment, a woman can also choose [[Surrogacy]] when a woman carries a pregnancy for another woman or couple or adoption. Recent efforts also investigate the implications of a cancer diagnosis during pregnancy.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=21927621 |year=2011 |last1=Duncan |first1=Francesca E |last2=Jozefik |first2=Jennifer K |last3=Kim |first3=Alison M |last4=Hirshfeld-Cytron |first4=Jennifer |last5=Woodruff |first5=Teresa K |title=The Gynecologist Has a Unique Role in Providing Oncofertility Care to Young Cancer Patients |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=24–34 |pmc=3171692 |journal=US obstetrics & gynaecology}}</ref> |
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==Fertility Options for Children== |
==Fertility Options for Children== |
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Revision as of 15:02, 6 March 2012
Oncofertility is a subfield that bridges oncology and reproductive research to explore and expand options for the reproductive future of cancer survivors. It was coined in 2006, by Dr. Teresa K. Woodruff at the Oncofertility Consortium. Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery may destroy a person's ability to have children later in life and oncofertility research focuses on increasing fertility preservation options. With 10% of cancer patients being younger than age 40, this issue affects more than 135,000 people in the United States each year. As cancer survivorship increases, the preservation of fertility in women, men, and children becomes a critically important topic to patients and their families. The ability to easily preserve fertility prior to cancer treatment can provide hope at the time of diagnosis for families later in life. Oncofertility also incorporates reproductive issues after cancer treatment, such as surrogacy and adoption for cancer survivors.
Fertility Options for Men
Established fertility preservation options for men include Sperm Banking in which a semen sample is produced, frozen, and stored for future use[1] and Testicular Sperm Extraction during which sperm is retrieved directly from the testes through a short surgery and frozen. Experimental options include Testicular Tissue Banking when testicular tissue is surgically removed and frozen. Scientists are developing methods to use this tissue for fertility preservation in males. Men who do not preserve their feritlity prior to cancer treatment may have children through Donor Sperm bying sperm from a known or anonymous donor to achieve a pregnancy with a female partner using assisted reproductive technologies or Adoption by permanently assuming all rights and responsibilities of a child through a legal process.[citation needed]
Fertility Options for Women
Options for women to have children after cancer have increased significantly in recent years.[2] Women should be counseled on established options such as Egg Banking in which hormonal stimulation causes the production of multiple eggs, which are removed and frozen for storage and future use, and Ovarian Transposition and Shielding in which ovaries can be surgically moved or shielded from the area receiving radiation.[3] This technique does not protect against the effects of chemotherapy. Experimental techniques include Embryo Banking in which hormonal stimulation causes the production of multiple eggs, which are removed, fertilized by sperm, and frozen for future use, and Ovarian Tissue Banking in which an ovary is surgically removed and frozen to be transplanted back into the woman when she is ready to have children. Scientists are also working on ways to mature undeveloped eggs from this ovarian tissue. After sterilizing cancer treatment, a woman can also choose Surrogacy when a woman carries a pregnancy for another woman or couple or adoption. Recent efforts also investigate the implications of a cancer diagnosis during pregnancy.[4]
Fertility Options for Children
Prepubescent children have fewer options to preserve fertility than adults.[5] These include testicular sperm extraction for males and ovarian tissue banking for females.
Financial, Ethical, and Legal Considerations
Fertility preservation costs may be prohibitive for young patients and multiple organizations now provide methods to reduce costs for patients.[6] These include Fertile Hope and Fertile Action.[citation needed] In 2011, California State Assembly Bill 428[7] was introduced to mandate insurance companies to provide health care coverage for fertility preservation.[citation needed] In addition, the Supreme Court of the United States will be addressing the Social Security implications of oncofertility in March, 2012 with Capato vs. Astrue.[citation needed]
Research also investigates ethical issues in oncofertility, such as the decision-making process for adolescent children and their families.[8]
References
- ^ Sheth, Kunj R.; Sharma, Vidit; Helfand, Brian T.; Cashy, John; Smith, Kristin; Hedges, Jason C.; Köhler, Tobias S.; Woodruff, Teresa K.; Brannigan, Robert E. (2012). "Improved Fertility Preservation Care for Male Patients with Cancer After Establishment of Formalized Oncofertility Program". The Journal of Urology. 187 (3): 979–86. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.154. PMID 22264454.
- ^ Noyes, Nicole; Knopman, Jaime M.; Long, Kara; Coletta, Jaclyn M.; Abu-Rustum, Nadeem R. (2011). "Fertility considerations in the management of gynecologic malignancies". Gynecologic Oncology. 120 (3): 326–33. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.09.012. PMID 20943258.
- ^ Jungheim, Emily S.; Carson, Kenneth R.; Brown, Douglas (2010). "Oncofertility". Cancer Treatment and Research. 156: 403. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6518-9_31. ISBN 978-1-4419-6517-2. PMC 3071538.
{{cite journal}}:|chapter=ignored (help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Duncan, Francesca E; Jozefik, Jennifer K; Kim, Alison M; Hirshfeld-Cytron, Jennifer; Woodruff, Teresa K (2011). "The Gynecologist Has a Unique Role in Providing Oncofertility Care to Young Cancer Patients". US obstetrics & gynaecology. 6 (1): 24–34. PMC 3171692. PMID 21927621.
- ^ Wallace, W. Hamish B. (2011). "Oncofertility and preservation of reproductive capacity in children and young adults". Cancer. 117 (10 Suppl): 2301–10. doi:10.1002/cncr.26045. PMID 21523750.
- ^ King, Rosalind Berkowitz (2010). "Oncofertility". Cancer Treatment and Research. 156: 371. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6518-9_28. ISBN 978-1-4419-6517-2. PMC 3071554.
{{cite journal}}:|chapter=ignored (help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/asm/ab_0401-0450/ab_428_cfa_20110501_122908_asm_comm.html[full citation needed]
- ^ Galvin, Kathleen M.; Clayman, Marla L. (2010). "Oncofertility". Cancer Treatment and Research. 156: 429. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6518-9_33. ISBN 978-1-4419-6517-2. PMC 3086488.
{{cite journal}}:|chapter=ignored (help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
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