Talk:Amphetamine

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Oral Bioavailability

Claimed oral BA for amphetamine was 25%, and for d-amphetamine wikipedia gives 75% oral BA. Regular amphetamine is 50% d-amp, and so even if l-amphetamine has 0 oral BA, the total would still be (0.75*50=32.5) 32.5% from d-amp alone. There is no reason a regular amine would have such low BA, but I can find no exact figures. Please cite a source if you decide to add this data again. Anareon (talk) 17:30, 2 December 2010 (UTC)

Uh?

"The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction reports the typical retail price of amphetamine in Europe varied between $60 and $100 a gram in half of the reporting countries.[4]" Right, we're talking normal amphetamine, not meth - we do not count in dollars in Europe, by the way. 5 to 15 euro should be more like it. --146.87.52.54 (talk) 00:40, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

Flying Jizz Monkey Pants

I don't know if I've ever heard them called that. Kids these days. Looks like vandalism to me. 220.248.62.50 (talk) 10:52, 22 November 2009 (UTC) That is a great name for it

"In children?"

In this sentence, I don't quite get what the "in children part" means: "The group includes prescription CNS drugs commonly used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children." It is factually true, but it implies it is not used in adults? Which is a factually wrong and bizzare assertion. So I'm removing it for now. Please explain your reasoning before reverting. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.121.52.97 (talk) 14:00, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

Unused picture

Through the Animusic talk page, I came across this image:

AN1.jpg

Why is it still here if it is no longer needed? dogman15 (talk) 00:55, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

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Norepinephrine mechanism expansion

I noticed that the "Major biological mechanisms" section begins with "Amphetamine exerts its behavioral effects by modulating several key neurotransmitters in the brain, including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine" yet no where in that section is amphetamine's neuromodulation mechanism of norepinephrine discussed. The effects on dopamine, serotonin and even glutamate are discussed but I find it odd that this is the case because if anything, amphetamine primarily acts on DA and NE and its effects on 5-HT and glutametergic transmission is "secondary" at best.

It may seem like a nit-picky thing but I think it could do the article well if this subject was expanded beyond the last few lines of the section saying "Additionally, several studies demonstrate increased levels of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter related to adrenaline, in response to amphetamine. This is believed to occur via reuptake blockage as well as via interactions with the norepinephrine neuronal transport carrier" as this is pretty vague. -Novaprospekt (talk) 22:36, 24 March 2010 (UTC)

I agree. The effect of amphetamine on the NE transporter (both as a releasing agent and as a reuptake inhibitor) is comparable to DA, and much stronger than on serotonin (5-HT). More generally, I think this article could be improved by combining the mechanism of action section and pharmacology section. The combined section should probably start (after the good chemical properties subsection) by summarising what effects amphetamine has on the DA, NE, and 5-HT transporter (i.e. that it is a releasing agent and a reuptake inhibitor, with less effects on the 5-HT transporter) and quantitative information drawing on the peer reviewed literature. I think it would make sense for more complex matters, such as the effect of amphetamine on the nucleus accumbens and addiction, to be discussed later (instead of first). I'll try to do some work on this page at some stage, if I have time. Woood (talk) 10:30, 3 December 2012 (UTC)

"Citation needed" For Music section

Considering: "Motörhead named themselves after the slang for an amphetamine addict.[citation needed]"

There is a source for this in Motörhead front man Lemmy Kilmisters Autobiography "White Line Fever" (2002). Kilmister notes this in passing somewhere in the first few pages of chapter six (built for speed). I only have access to a Swedish translation of the book though, but this citation should be easily found in an edition in english. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tbruhn (talk • contribs) 00:15, 18 August 2010 (UTC)

Added some info about Amphetamine & music

I added information regarding Amphetamine's common use in the 80's punk scene and the "90's" punk band NOFX's tributes to the drug in song and as the suggestive title of an album. The information is 100% accurate, but I don't have the first clue how to go about citing a source. I'd suggest somebody link to a discography showing the album info for the song "Three on Speed" (it was first released on an EP titled "Surfer" in 2001). As for the intent behind the name "The Longest Line" -- during an interview in their "10 Years of F***ing Up" DVD, Fat Mike (nofx - vocals/bass) not-so-subtly hints at what the name of the record implies by pantomiming snorting a line of speed. Hopefully somebody can take this info and make it more suitable for Wikipedia's quality standards.71.10.74.4 (talk) 21:23, 5 January 2011 (UTC)

To be clear, I'm talking about actual Amphetamine not it's analogues.

71.10.74.4 (talk) 00:53, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

Unclear and irrelevant sentences in intro

From the article's lead section:

Amphetamine is chemically related to methamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine, a class of potent drugs that act by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, inducing euphoria.[2][3][4] The class includes...

What class are we talking about here? Does it have a name? And shouldn't the lead of the amphetamine article first and foremost talk about amphetamine, rather than about several members of a class of drugs chemically related to amphetamine? The lead as written doesn't tell me whether amphetamine increases dopamine and norepinephrine nor whether it induces euphoria. AxelBoldt (talk) 20:52, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

The class is amphetamine. Perhaps it should be worded "amphetamine is a class of drugs which includes methamphetamine & lisdexamfetamine" etc. Nagelfar (talk) 17:49, 26 January 2011 (UTC)

Ok, that makes sense. The box on the right suggests that this article is specifically about the substance (±)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine, not about the class of all amphetamines. Does (±)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine have a common name that we could use for this article's title? AxelBoldt (talk) 15:14, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

The intro should summarise the contents. This article is not about a class of drugs but about the specific chemical. However the intro seemed to be mainly about the class of drugs, and as such it did not do a good job of sumarising the article contents. I have moved some text from the intro to a new section about derivatives, the best place for this seemed to be after the Prodrugs section at the end. This leaves the intro rather short, if anyone feels like adding in a further summary of some parts of the article.--Pontificalibus (talk) 16:20, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

Thanks, it reads a lot better now. AxelBoldt (talk) 12:02, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

drawn synaptic image of amphetamine action

amphetamine acting between the axions & dendrites. Nagelfar (talk) 17:46, 26 January 2011 (UTC)

Real information from someone that knows:

As is usual, all the information regarding addiction, side affects, long term use or abuse and overdose fails to cover the opposite of the same. If one was to abuse the substance and use on a regular basis, what would cause things like drowsiness and loss of energy. Feelings of apathy and general calm and loss of libido instead of increase.

Many would like to know So if there is some studies or research on the opposites it would be good to see it posted.

Personally I have seen the reverse of most of the affects mentioned in the article and the user is of the opinion that they may be ADD or ADHD. Apparent medical or psychological checks have not determined this to be fact however and the mystery is still open.

confusing line

From 1933 or 1934 Smith, Kline and French began selling the volatile base form of the drug as an inhaler under the trade name Benzedrine, useful as a decongestant but readily usable for non-rectal purposes Heh, something look wrong with this sentence? I'd fix this but I don't know what to change it to. Five- (talk) 19:53, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

Categories?

Should this really be categorised as "youth culture in the united kingdom"? 83.226.29.115 (talk) 19:57, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

Return of dopamine into transporter with amphetamine.

One aspect not really touched upon is that when amphetamine causes phosphorylation and releases more dopamine by widening the terminal, as it were, and additionally releases dopamine from the reuptake pump due to this. It however also allows dopamine to re-enter from the release pump which it does not normally do. This may explain the subjective difference in rush according to users when compared to cocaine, which blocks the occupied DAT's uptake fully, whereas amphetamine compromises the transporter in such a way that it allows dopamine back in and away from the receptors as well as releasing it; which cocaine does not in any way do. Nagelfar (talk) 00:23, 17 July 2011 (UTC)

Hippies critical?

The article claims that the 1960s hippie culture was very critical of speed, yet Ken Kesey and many of the Merry Pransters were frequent users of amphetamine — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.144.222.22 (talk) 19:10, 16 August 2011 (UTC)

I also read that and there's the quote from Allen Ginsberg speaking out against amphetamines/speed yet Allen Ginsberg and his bisexual partner Peter Orlovsky both were known to take amphetamines both benezedrine and methedrine during periods of their life, as all of the beats were. There's a poem by Allen Ginsberg titled ""A Methedrine Vision in Hollywood".173.49.162.183 (talk) 08:38, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

"Toxicity" of clincal doses is a flawed interpretation of otherwise valuable research.

I read "Amphetamine Treatment Similar to That Used in the Treatment of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Damages Dopaminergic Nerve Endings in the Striatum of Adult Nonhuman Primates" with interest; only to find that the study actually presents a mechanism by which adults can develop a tolerance to this sort of stimulant. When used by monkeys in levels comparable to the "reasonable doses" given by doctors for a month, changes in the count of binding sites observed in the post-sacrifice dissection of the monkey's brains can be measured. However, the paper makes no mention of outright toxicity to the neurons themselves, and as such, is best interpreted as an excellent way of quantifying facts long known medically about this drug, but at the neural level. Rather than presenting evidence of actual brain damage, the reference seems to show how the living brain responds to unnecessary administration of amphetamine. Rather than evidence of neural toxicity, this could be interpreted as a rock-solid example of the exact mechanism of physical addiction, and perhaps, even a way of quantifying the degree to which this has occurred.

To put it rather bluntly, if the research in question had not discovered these changes, the research would suggest that tolerance does not develop to amphetamine after repeated administration of doses considered to be within the therapeutic range - it is already very well known that this is not the case, and one would be hard-pressed to find any literature about medical use of amphetamine as a stimulant or anorectic that does not already mention that this occurs. This federally funded paper seems to present reliable data and uses language in a manner that is technically accurate when interpreted as a whole, but seems intended to incite fear in those who understand the meaning of some of the sentences, without grasping the whole of the paper itself.

Again, if such damage is actually considered evidence of neural toxicity, pharmaceutical companies have a lot to fear: changes in receptor counts are common with many drugs, and often, may even be the method by which intended effects occur! Zaphraud (talk) 18:47, 19 September 2011 (UTC)

"Recreational uses"

I realize wikipedia wants to be as neutral as possible, but i do know that they try to acknowledge the law in their articles. Someone may want to add that many amphetamines are not to be used for "recreation" according to US law, at least as far as i know... 98.127.72.61 (talk) 03:22, 28 January 2012 (UTC)

Physical effects - biased and distorted

The section on physical effects is inappropriately titled. It should be called effects of overdoes or effects of abuse. Or at least adverse effects. As it stands, the article portrays amphetamine as a dangerous substance with virtually no valid therapeutic value. This is simply not the case. If I find the time to learn how to tag an article as biased, I will do so. Hetware (talk) 19:16, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

Manufacture and destruction?

I think this article can greatly benefit from an analysis of the industrial and clandestine methods of manufacture. Also perhaps its detection, destruction and environmental effects (both primary and secondary)? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:306:CD34:4EE0:21F:3AFF:FE10:1889 (talk) 06:29, 9 June 2012 (UTC)

For those who use the plural amphetamines incorrectly to refer to the chemical amphetamine

For your consideration and enjoyment: Editorial. Abuse of the term "amphetamines". - Alexander Shulgin; Clinical Toxicology 1976 C6541 (T↔C) 18:29, 29 August 2012 (UTC)

Religion

There was an anonymous IP-address-only edit which removed my references to use in religion. I consider David S. Touretzky a very reliable secondary source, and the two references I gave between them point directly to explicit (hearsay, but allegedly also now in court record) quotes about drug use from the user himself. I suspect given the edit history of that IP address that he will repeat his removal of the material with references. I would consider that vandalism, and the page may beed to be semi-protected.Fatphil (talk) 06:55, 31 August 2012 (UTC)

Are you saying that the writings of L Ron Hubbard have had no influence on society and culture in the 20th century? Amphetamine was as much a component of the generation of that writing as it was to any of the music of the musicians listed. Can you honestly say that Elliott Smith has had more influence on society than L.Ron Hubbard - why does the reference to him and one of his songs persist?Fatphil (talk) 12:52, 31 August 2012 (UTC)

Add Andy Warhol to film section.

Someone should mention how Andy Warhol also took Amphetamine pills. http://warholstars.org/chron/1963.html#awspeed WINTER 1963: ANDY WARHOL TAKES "SPEED."

Warhol got a prescription for pharmaceutical "speed" (Obetrol) from his doctor after seeing a picture of himself in a magazine in which he thought he looked fat.

   Warhol told Bob Colacello in June 1972, during a trip to Mexico, that he took Dexamyl on a regular basis.

173.49.162.183 (talk) 08:42, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

Chembox Changed Values

Can someone take a look at the changed values in the chembox? It seems they weren't included in the verified revision, so the bots have marked them as "X." I'm not really sure about procedure regarding this, but the values seem correct. 173.170.255.211 (talk) 06:10, 28 October 2012 (UTC)