Henry Heras

Henry Heras (11 September 1888, Barcelona, Spain - 14 December 1955, Bombay, India) was a Spanish Jesuit priest, archeologist and historian in India.

Bildung

Enric Heras de Sicars (later in India he anglicised his Christian name to Henry) was the heir of a well-off rural household from the village of Adri, near Girona, in Catalonia, Spain. His parents were Ponç IV Heras and Maria Sicars. The Heras family had been established in the property of Adri since the late thirteenth century, but Enric gave up his rights in order to follow his religious vocation. After becoming a Jesuit in 1904, Heras followed the usual course of Jesuit priestly formation: three years of philosophy in Tortosa, Catalonia, Spain, three years of teaching History in Orihuela, Alacant, Spain, and the theological course in Sarria, Barcelona, at the end of which he was ordained a Catholic priest in 1920.

Historian in India

On arrival in India (1922) he was appointed to teach history at St Xavier's College, Bombay. He chose to teach Indian history "because he wanted to study it". This became his favorite subject and field of competence. He wrote a short book on historical methodology, The Writing of History, which became compulsory reading for his students.

He founded the Indian Historical Research Institute (1926), which trained numerous historians and Indologists, including Frank Moraes, Dr. Keny, and others. The institute was later renamed the Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture.

Proto-historian and archeologist

From 1935 on he turned his attention to the newly excavated archeological sites of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa: he was particularly keen on deciphering the inscriptions of the so-called Indus Valley Civilization. He wrote numerous articles on the topic, summing up finally his research in what will remain his master piece: Studies in Proto-Indo-Mediterranean Culture (1953) in which he proposed a solution to the mysterious script of Mohenjo-Daro, and established cultural links between the Indus Valley Civilization and the Sumerian-Egyptian civilization. Though the deciphering he proposed is not yet fully convincing it is "gaining ever greater acceptance by the specialists".

Other activities and achievements

Heras is also the founder of the Bombay Historical Society and was also actively involved in the Indian Historical Records Commission, Indian History Congress and the International Congress of Historical Sciences. Being totally identified with the culture of the country he chose to become an Indian citizen as soon as possible after the independence of 1947.

The same admiration for Indian culture led him to encourage Christian artists to adopt Indian forms of art and symbols in order to express Christian themes. In painting he enthused Angelo Fonseca, Olimpio Coleto Rodrigues, et al. In architecture he was personally involved in drawing the plans of the cathedral of Belgaum. He conducted an exhibition on Indian Christian art for the Holy Year of 1950 in Rome. He is acknowledged to be the "Father of Christian Indian Art".

Recognition

In 1981, the Indian postal department issued a stamp in his honor on which he is portrayed alongside a Mohenjo-Daro tablet.

Selected works

• The Writing of History, Madras, 1926.
• The Aravida Dynasty of Vijayanagara, Madras, 1927.
• Beginning of Vijayanagara History, Bombay, 1929.
• The Conversion Policy of the Jesuits in India, Bombay, 1933.
• Studies in Pallava History, Madras, 1933.
• Studies in Proto-Indo-Mediterranean Culture, 1955.

Bibliography

• Correia-Afonso, J. (ed). Henry Heras, the Scholar and his Work, Bombay, 1976.
• Balaguer, Melchior. Fr Henry Heras (1888–1955), in Jesuits in India: in Historical Perspective, Macao, 1992, pp. 297–300.

External links

• Henry Heras & the Indus Valley Seal