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'''Qin''' (秦) is a common [[Chinese surname]]. "Qin" is the [[Hanyu Pinyin|hanyu pinyin]] romanization of the surname for Mandarin, the common dialect of China; other romanizations of the surname include Chin and Jin in Mandarin, Ceon and Cheun in Cantonese, and Tan in Vietnamese. People with this surname are most commonly found in [[Henan]], [[Shaanxi]], [[Shandong]], [[Sichuan]], [[Hubei]] and [[Hebei]].<ref name="qin name"/>
'''Qin''' (秦) is a common [[Chinese surname]]. "Qin" is the [[Hanyu Pinyin|hanyu pinyin]] romanization of the surname for Mandarin, the common dialect of China; other romanizations of the surname include Chin and Jin in Mandarin, Ceon and Cheun in Cantonese, and Tan in Vietnamese.


==History==
==Origins==
According to the ''[[Shuowen Jiezi]]'', the character for Qin was a [[Chinese character classification|compound ideogram]] which combined two characters: ''chong'' 舂 "to pound", and ''he'' 禾 "grain".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zdic.net/z/20/sw/79E6.htm |title=秦, Qin |work=zdic.net }}</ref> The character originally refers to a fertile valley Qingu (秦谷, Qin Valley) in [[Longxi County, Gansu|Longxi]] near [[Tianshui]], [[Gansu]] and became the name of that area. The area was granted to [[Feizi]], a descendants of [[Gao Tao]], by [[King Xiao of Zhou]] Dynasty as a fief in the 9th century BC, which then grew into the [[state of Qin]]. In the 2nd century BC, the state of Qin unified China and became the first imperial dynasty under [[Qin Shi Huang]]. After the fall of the dynasty in the [[3rd Century BC]], the descendants of Qin royalty, whose [[Chinese ancestral name|ancestral name]] was Ying ({{zh|c=[[wikt:嬴|嬴]]}}), was said to have adopted the surname Qin.<ref name="qin name">{{cite web |url=http://english.people.com.cn/200602/20/eng20060220_244270.html |title=Chinese surname history: Qin |work=People's Daily Online }}</ref> Many people sought to identify themselves with the Qin long after the fall of the [[Qin Dynasty]]; in Japan, the [[Hata clan]] of Japan claims descent from a branch of the Qin royal family, "Hata" being the native Japanese reading for the character "Qin".<ref>[[Shinsen Shōjiroku]] "出自秦始皇帝三世孫孝武王也"</ref>
According to the ''[[Shuowen Jiezi]]'', the character for Qin was a [[Chinese character classification|compound ideogram]] which combined two characters: ''chong'' 舂 "to pound", and ''he'' 禾 "grain". The character originally referred to a fertile valley in [[Longxi County, Gansu|Longxi, Gansu]] and later became the name of that area. The area was granted to [[Feizi]] as a fief in 9th century BC, which grew into the [[state of Qin]]. In the 2nd century BC, the state of Qin unified China and became the first imperial dynasty under [[Qin Shi Huang]], and many people sought to identify themselves with the Qin even long after the fall of the [[Qin Dynasty]] during the [[3rd Century BC]].


After the opening of the [[Silk Road]] in the [[2nd century BC]], western [[Europe|European]] peoples who named themselves after [[Daqin]] (大秦, after the Classical Chinese name for the [[Roman Empire]], also named after the Qin dynasty).
Another origin came from the the Qin estate (秦邑; present-day [[Fan County]], [[Henan]]) in the [[state of Lu]] (鲁). During the early [[Zhou Dynasty|Zhou dynasty]] in the [[10th century BC]], [[Boqin]] the son of the [[Duke of Zhou]], originally surnamed [[Jī (surname)|Ji]] (姬), was given the state of Lu, and his descendants who were assigned to the Qin estate changed their surname to the name of their place of residence.<ref>{{cite book |url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=l1vR-x9_pEEC&pg=PA84&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false |author= Fu Chinjiang |title=Origins of Chinese Names | publisher=Asiapac Books|isbn= 978-9812294623 |year=2007 }}</ref>


After the opening of the [[Silk Road]] in the [[2nd century BC]], [[Daqin]] (大秦, Great Qin) was the name used by the [[Han Dynasty|Han]] Chinese for the [[Roman Empire]], and during the [[Tang Dynasty]] [[Christianity in China]] was referred to as the religion of Daqin. Qin was therefore adopted by some people to the west of China arriving via the Silk Road. Various non-Han people of China also took "Qin" as their surname, such as the [[Mongols]], the [[Daur people|Daur]]s, the [[Manchus]], and the [[Jurchen people|Jurchen]] Moyan (抹捻 during the [[Jin Dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] and 穆颜 during the Manchu period).<ref>[http://baike.baidu.com/view/33119.htm origin of Qin]</ref>
Various [[Nomad]] Chinese of China also took "Qin" as their surname, such as the Monian (抹捻; during the [[Jurchen people|Jurchen]] [[Jin Dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] 1115-1234) and Muyan (穆顏; during the [[Qing Dynasty|Qing dynasty]] 1644-1912) tribes of the [[Jurchens]].


Ancient Chinese texts recorded that one of the friends of the mythical Chinese emperor [[Shun (Chinese leader)|Shun]] ([[23rd century BC]]) was named Qin Buxu (秦不虛). However, no record exists of the later lineages of this Qin Buxu.
house of [[Chen]] (陳), Mythical emperor [[Shun (Chinese leader)|Shun]] (舜) surnamed [[Yao (surname)|Yao]] (姚), from one of his friends named Qin Buxu (秦不虛). However, no record exists of the later lineages of this Qin Buxu.

Origin is in the Qin estate (秦邑; present-day [[Fan County]], [[Henan]]) in the [[state of Lu]] (鲁) during the [[Spring and autumn period]], Duke of [[state of Lu|Lu]] (鲁) the surnam [[Jī (surname)|Ji]] changed to surname Qin (秦) with [[Region]] name of Qin Contry (秦邑) in [[state of Lu]] (鲁).<ref>[http://baike.baidu.com/view/33119.htm origin of Qin]</ref>


==Notable people with the surname==
==Notable people with the surname==

Revision as of 03:45, 28 August 2013

Qin (秦)
Language(s)Chinese
Origin
Language(s)Old Chinese
Word/nameState of Qin
Other names
Derivative(s)Chin

Qin (秦) is a common Chinese surname. "Qin" is the hanyu pinyin romanization of the surname for Mandarin, the common dialect of China; other romanizations of the surname include Chin and Jin in Mandarin, Ceon and Cheun in Cantonese, and Tan in Vietnamese.

Origins

According to the Shuowen Jiezi, the character for Qin was a compound ideogram which combined two characters: chong 舂 "to pound", and he 禾 "grain". The character originally referred to a fertile valley in Longxi, Gansu and later became the name of that area. The area was granted to Feizi as a fief in 9th century BC, which grew into the state of Qin. In the 2nd century BC, the state of Qin unified China and became the first imperial dynasty under Qin Shi Huang, and many people sought to identify themselves with the Qin even long after the fall of the Qin Dynasty during the 3rd Century BC.

After the opening of the Silk Road in the 2nd century BC, western European peoples who named themselves after Daqin (大秦, after the Classical Chinese name for the Roman Empire, also named after the Qin dynasty).

Various Nomad Chinese of China also took "Qin" as their surname, such as the Monian (抹捻; during the Jurchen Jin dynasty 1115-1234) and Muyan (穆顏; during the Qing dynasty 1644-1912) tribes of the Jurchens.

house of Chen (陳), Mythical emperor Shun (舜) surnamed Yao (姚), from one of his friends named Qin Buxu (秦不虛). However, no record exists of the later lineages of this Qin Buxu.

Origin is in the Qin estate (秦邑; present-day Fan County, Henan) in the state of Lu (鲁) during the Spring and autumn period, Duke of Lu (鲁) the surnam Ji changed to surname Qin (秦) with Region name of Qin Contry (秦邑) in state of Lu (鲁).[1]

Notable people with the surname

Historical

  • Qin Kai (秦開), general of the Yan state
  • Qin Wuyang (秦舞陽; d. 227 BC), grandson of Qin Kai, accompanied Jing Ke to assassinate Qin Shi Huang Di in 227 BC
  • Qin Jia (秦嘉), Eastern Han Dynasty poet
  • Qin Lang (秦朗), Wei general of the Three Kingdoms period
  • Qin Qiong (秦瓊; d. 638), Tang Dynasty general
  • Qin Zongquan (秦宗權; d. 889), Tang Dynasty warlord
  • Qin Guan (秦觀; 1049–c. 1100), Song Dynasty writer and poet
  • Qin Hui (秦檜; 1090–1155), Southern Song Dynasty politician
  • Qin Jiushao (秦九韶; 1202–1261), Southern Song Dynasty mathematician
  • Qin Liangyu (秦良玉; 1574 - 1648), Ming Dynasty general
  • Qin Rigang (秦日綱; 1821–1856), Taiping Rebellion leader
  • Qin Jiwei (秦基伟; 1914-1997), general

Modern

References

  1. ^ origin of Qin
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