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==Natural features==
==Natural features==
[[Image:KingleyVale.JPG|thumb|left|Kingley Vale National Nature Reserve]]
[[Image:KingleyVale.JPG|thumb|left|Kingley Vale National Nature Reserve]]
Kingley Vale is home to one of Europe's most impressive [[European Yew|yew]] forests. The forest contains yews as much as 2,000 years old. They comprise some of the oldest living organisms in [[Great Britain]].<ref>{{cite web | year=2003 | url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/about/teams/team_photo/KingleyVale.pdf | title= Kingley Vale| publisher=[[English Nature]] | accessdate=1 June 2007}}</ref> Their survival is remarkable because most ancient yew trees across Europe were felled after the 14th century, being the preferred material for the staves of [[English longbow]]s. In 1472, with the increasing popularity of the longbow, the British government enacted a "yew tax" that stipulated that every ship that unloaded at an English harbour must bring a tax of four "bowestaffs" for every cask of wine.<ref name=robbins>{{cite book|title=The Man Who Planted Trees: Lost Groves, Champion Trees, and an Urgent Plan to Save the Planet |author=Jim Robbins |date=2012 |publisher=Spiegel & Grau}}</ref> This sparked a rush for ancient yew trees across Europe, decimating the forests.<ref name=robbins/> Kingley Vale is one of the few major stands remaining, elsewhere most examples are solitary trees or small stands.<ref name=robbins/>
Kingley Vale is home to one of Europe's most impressive [[European Yew|yew]] forests. The forest contains yews as much as 2,000 years old. They comprise some of the oldest living organisms in [[Great Britain]].<ref>{{cite web | year=2003 | url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/about/teams/team_photo/KingleyVale.pdf | title= Kingley Vale| publisher=[[English Nature]] | accessdate=1 June 2007}}</ref> Their survival is remarkable because most ancient yew trees across Europe were felled after the 14th century, being the preferred material for the staves of [[English longbow]]s. In 1472, with the increasing popularity of the longbow, the English government enacted a "yew tax" that stipulated that every ship that unloaded at an English harbour must bring a tax of four "bowestaffs" for every cask of wine.<ref name=robbins>{{cite book|title=The Man Who Planted Trees: Lost Groves, Champion Trees, and an Urgent Plan to Save the Planet |author=Jim Robbins |date=2012 |publisher=Spiegel & Grau}}</ref> This sparked a rush for ancient yew trees across Europe, decimating the forests.<ref name=robbins/> Kingley Vale is one of the few major stands remaining, elsewhere most examples are solitary trees or small stands.<ref name=robbins/>


Other tree species in Kingley Vale include oak, [[Fraxinus excelsior|ash]], [[Ilex aquifolium|holly]] and [[Crataegus monogyna|hawthorn]]. The chalk grassland is home to many flowers and herbs that form a diverse mosaic of species. Over 50 species of birds are found, although only six species breed in the yew woodland. Mammals include deer, yellow-necked mouse, water shrew and dormouse. The 39 species of butterfly at Kingley Vale are mainly found in the grassland.<ref>''Kingley Vale''. Ashford, Nature Conservancy Council South East Region, 1978.</ref>
Other tree species in Kingley Vale include oak, [[Fraxinus excelsior|ash]], [[Ilex aquifolium|holly]] and [[Crataegus monogyna|hawthorn]]. The chalk grassland is home to many flowers and herbs that form a diverse mosaic of species. Over 50 species of birds are found, although only six species breed in the yew woodland. Mammals include deer, yellow-necked mouse, water shrew and dormouse. The 39 species of butterfly at Kingley Vale are mainly found in the grassland.<ref>''Kingley Vale''. Ashford, Nature Conservancy Council South East Region, 1978.</ref>

Revision as of 18:50, 8 February 2014

Kingley Vale
Site of Special Scientific Interest
A visitor near a wooded area of the reserve
StandortWest Sussex
Grid referenceSU822107
InterestBiological
Area209.4 ha (517 acres)
Notification1952 (1952)
Natural England website

The Kingley Vale National Nature Reserve is a National Nature Reserve (NNR) near Chichester, West Sussex in southern England, and is part of the South Downs. It covers an area of 160 hectares.[1] It is part of the wider Site of Special Scientific Interest Kingley Vale.[2]

The site is managed by Natural England. It has an information centre and a nature trail.[3] There is a large area of grass downland and shrub land with a number of old yew trees. From the top there are views over Sussex and the south coast.

There are a number of walks and bridleways around the NNR with the main being around the woodland and yew trees and up to the top of the hills.

The nearest car park is at West Stoke about five miles northwest of Chichester,[4] and there are footpaths leading up from the village of Stoughton.

Natural features

Kingley Vale National Nature Reserve

Kingley Vale is home to one of Europe's most impressive yew forests. The forest contains yews as much as 2,000 years old. They comprise some of the oldest living organisms in Great Britain.[5] Their survival is remarkable because most ancient yew trees across Europe were felled after the 14th century, being the preferred material for the staves of English longbows. In 1472, with the increasing popularity of the longbow, the English government enacted a "yew tax" that stipulated that every ship that unloaded at an English harbour must bring a tax of four "bowestaffs" for every cask of wine.[6] This sparked a rush for ancient yew trees across Europe, decimating the forests.[6] Kingley Vale is one of the few major stands remaining, elsewhere most examples are solitary trees or small stands.[6]

Other tree species in Kingley Vale include oak, ash, holly and hawthorn. The chalk grassland is home to many flowers and herbs that form a diverse mosaic of species. Over 50 species of birds are found, although only six species breed in the yew woodland. Mammals include deer, yellow-necked mouse, water shrew and dormouse. The 39 species of butterfly at Kingley Vale are mainly found in the grassland.[7]

Heritage sites

Kingley Vale has a rich and diverse heritage with remains of a Roman Temple,[8] Iron Age settlement site known as Goosehill Camp,[9] the Devil's Humps Bronze Age round barrows and prehistoric flint mines. There are also a number of unidentified archaeological remains in the form of linear earthworks, a rectangular enclosure known as Bow Hill Camp and evidence of settlement at the base of the hill.[10]

References

  1. ^ Natural England (2010). Kingley Vale National Nature Reserve Leaflet (PDF). Natural England.
  2. ^ "SSSI Citation — Kingley Vale" (PDF). Natural England. Retrieved 4 April 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ Natural England
  4. ^ Chichester and South Downs. OS Map. Vol. 197 (Landranger ed.). Ordnance Survey. 2006.
  5. ^ "Kingley Vale" (PDF). English Nature. 2003. Retrieved 1 June 2007.
  6. ^ a b c Jim Robbins (2012). The Man Who Planted Trees: Lost Groves, Champion Trees, and an Urgent Plan to Save the Planet. Spiegel & Grau.
  7. ^ Kingley Vale. Ashford, Nature Conservancy Council South East Region, 1978.
  8. ^ Down, Alec (1979). Chichester Excavations. 4: 36–7. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ^ Boyden, J. R. (1956). "Excavations at Goosehill Camp, 1953-5". Sussex Archaeological Collection. 94: 70–99.
  10. ^ "Pastscape". English Heritage. Retrieved 10/05/2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
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