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Revision as of 16:41, 1 March 2014
The term Lai Dai Han (or sometimes Lai Daihan/Lai Tai Han) (lai Đại Hàn in Vietnamese : pronounced [laːi ɗâˀi hâːn]; Korean: 라이따이한) is a Vietnamese term for a mixed ancestry person born to a South Korean father and a Vietnamese mother (including the victims of Korean soldiers) during the Vietnam War. The term, and awareness of this legacy, was publicised in Korea in the 1990s and 2000s as Korea increasingly had investment and business contacts with Vietnam. Lai Dai Han is a term that refers to children who are the result of consensual sex with or rape of local Vietnamese woman by Korean soldiers of Republic of Korea Armed Forces when Republic of Korea (hereafter, Korea) sent troops to the Vietnam War. Lai Dai Han have been marginalized and persecuted since South Korean troops withdrew from the Vietnam War under Paris Peace Accords, and they left behind the collapse of South Vietnam. Lai Dai Han have been treated as children of enemy forces.[1] Vietnamese-Korean mixed children who were born after South Korea and Vietnam resumed economic exchange in 1992 are often called "new Lai Dai Han" [1]
Etymology
The noun or adjective lai (chữ nôm: 𤳆) can mean any hybrid, including an animal or tree, but in this context is a scornful word,[1] meaning "mixed blood." "Đại Hàn" (hán tự: 大韓) was the then standard Vietnamese term for South Korea (equivalent to Korean Daehan, hangul: 대한 hanja: 大韓), though today "Hàn Quốc" (Korean Hanguk) is more common. Since "lai" is offensive the term "lai Đại Hàn" itself does not appear in official Vietnamese sources, except in relation for example to the name of the South Korean film "Lai Đại Hàn."[2]
At the time, Park Chung-hee’s regime of South Korea was the anticommunist national policy and promoted troops appealing sympathy as a divided nation. Ahn Sung-ki points out “since I was born a man, there was the ethos that I have to go to the battlefield once.” [3] South Korean military sent troops to South Vietnam totaling 310,000 people forming two divisions plus one brigade. I counted 50,000 people in its heyday. In addition, the industry, civilian immigrants, and capital that has been banking on the Vietnam special procurement has also advanced. They, nearly 20,000 people, went to Vietnam in its heyday.[4] It is said Korean military also slaughtered the Vietnamese in excess of 300,000 people in one theory and n Vietnam, some people claim to have vowed to build a monument in each village, and are not going to forget the atrocities and the existence of Lai Dai Han. They were born between the Vietnamese women and Korean men under those severe circumstances.[4] Repatriation by civilians and migrant soldiers to South Korea reached 20% of the foreign exchange revenue of Korea in 1969 counted 100 million to 20 million a year. In addition to this repatriation, the funds that are established by the military and economic aid by the United States, as well as the aids based upon Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea became the basis for Miracle on the Han River.
Vietnamese-Korean mixed children
The fathers include both members of the South Korean military and Korean workers who were stationed in Vietnam during the War. The children were usually abandoned by their fathers.[5] The Viet Cong registered a complaint during the war that South Koreans were abducting and raping large numbers of Vietnamese women.[6]
Causes and the number of Lai Dai Han
The exact number of Lai Daihan is unknown. According to Busan Ilbo, there are at least 5,000 and as many as 30,000.[1] According to Maeil Business, there are 1,000 at most.[7] According to Park Oh-soon, the number of Korean-Vietnamese fathered not by Korean soldiers but by Korean workers stationed in Vietnam during the War is probably 10,000.[8] The causes of the Lai Daihan problem include, rape,[9] and the desertion of the children.[1]
It’s been reported that 1,500 (Asahi Shimbun · May 2, 1995), Two thousand (jp: 野村進), Minimum five thousand (Busan Ilbo),[1] 7,000, 1 million or more（jp:名越二荒之助,[10] Maximum 30,000 people (Busan Ilbo).[1] He or she does not have a memory of his or her father, and can’t speak Korean. Only the photos are the memories that are left for them.[11] There are also claims that they are intended to hide as Vietnamese-Korean mixed children.[10] There is also criticism that the number of Vietnamese-Korean mixed children is swollen because aid organizations supported before accurate research was done.[12] Several things have been said about the allegations that Korean soldiers raped Vietnamese women, and civilians and soldiers who married Vietnamese women then irresponsibly returned to Korea throwing away his wife and children. also, there is the opinion that since there are so many beautiful Vietnamese, most women were forced to be comfort women. (Non-management prostitution) [10][13] But according to the broadcast that was released by The National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Viet Cong), it is a fact that the assaults to women and children in Vietnam, massacre, and torture by Korean military were reported every day.[10] A common point to the testimony of survivors of assault and massacre by South Korean troops everywhere are listed rape of Vietnamese women.[14] As it entered into the maintenance phase of security after the end of war or combat, the Korean military finally tried to discipline their soldiers' behavior. Soldiers who joined Capital Mechanized Infantry Division (Republic of Korea), 2nd Marine Division (Republic of Korea), 9th Infantry Division (Republic of Korea) and so on were frequently court-martialed because of the rape of Vietnamese women in villages.[15]。On the other hand, it supposed that, because Korean soldiers returned home without taking care of both their wife and child in Vietnam, Military headquarters also forced those soldiers to re-deploy to Vietnam and to get married.[15] There is no compensation from South Korea yet.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "[[[:Template:Ko]] <17> Template:Ko]" - Template:Ko教授の東南アジアのぞき見ること <17> ライダイハン問題 Template:Ko icon、釜山日報、2004年9月18日 Cite error: The named reference "busan040918" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Trọng Dật Dương 300 câu hỏi, 300 năm Sài Gòn TP. Hò̂ Chí Minh 1998 "Nhũng bộ Phim như "Người tình" (Pháp), “Lai Đại Hàn" (Hàn Quốc), "Miền Nam Xa Xưa" (Pháp), “Ba mùa" (Mỹ)... từng được thực hiện ở đây. 211. llạll chiêu hong llill nllãt Trước 1975, cả thành phố có 51 rạp chiếu bóng. Trong số này, có rạp ..."
- ^ 宮崎真子、1993年、263頁。
- ^ a b jp:松岡完 『ベトナム戦争 - 誤算と誤解の戦場』、219頁、中央公論新社〈jp:中公新書〉、2001年、ISBN 978-4121015969。 Cite error: The named reference "Matsuoka" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ "ライダイハン 라이따이한 Raittaihan 韓国軍の戦争犯罪 大虐殺と強姦".
- ^ 名越二荒之助 『日韓2000年の真実』~ベトナムの方がのべる韓国の残虐行為~、2002、p. 672
- ^ "베트남에 대한 5가지 오해 ". Maeil Business. 2004-10-05. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
- ^ "ライタイハンとは何か".
- ^ A. Kameyama, Betonamu Sensou, Saigon Souru, Toukyou [Vietnam War, Saigon, Seoul, Tokyo], Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1972, p. 122
- ^ a b c d jp:名越二荒之助 『日韓2000年の真実』〜ベトナムの方がのべる韓国の残虐行為〜、2002年、672頁。 Cite error: The named reference "nagoshi" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ 宮崎真子、1993年、265頁。
- ^ コ・ギョンテ "Template:Ko" - ライダイハンを売るな Template:Ko icon、『ハンギョレ21』第258号（電子版）、1999年5月20日。
- ^ 野村進によれば、これら混血児たちの父親の90パーセントは韓国のビジネスマンであり、ベトナム人女性との間に子供をもうけた後に「母子を置き去りにして帰国してしまった」例が多いという。『コリアン世界の旅』 講談社、1996年、173頁。
- ^ 『ハンギョレ21』256号、1999年5月6日。
- ^ a b jp:亀山旭 『ベトナム戦争 -サイゴン・ソウル・東京-』、岩波書店〈岩波新書〉、1972年、p.127。第五章「ベトナムの韓国軍」では、戦時下の南ベトナムと、韓国軍や韓国人の関わりを知ることができる。『週刊アンポ』第6号（1970年1月26日）の版がベ平連のサイト [1] で読めるが、岩波版と記述に一部差異あり。