Japanese submarine tender Komahashi: Difference between revisions
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{{nihongo|'''''Komahashi'''''|駒橋|}}, was an [[auxiliary vessel]] operated by the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]], serving |
{{nihongo|'''''Komahashi'''''|駒橋|}}, was an [[auxiliary vessel]] operated by the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]], serving from the 1910s through [[World War II]]. <ref name= Jentsura>{{cite book | last = Jentsura | first = Hansgeorg | year = 1976 | title = Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945 | publisher = Naval Institute Press | isbn = 0-87021-893-X }} page 237</ref> Her classification changed numerous times during her operational life. Although officially designated as a [[submarine tender]] for most of her career, ''Komahashi'' very rarely functioned in this role, but was used instead as an oceanographic [[survey vessel]] throughout the Pacific, and as a ''[[kaibokan]]'' escort vessel for convoys of merchant ships during the [[Pacific War]]. |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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The Imperial Japanese Navy received its first submarines during the [[Russo-Japanese War]], but these vessels were not operational until after the war ended. During the post-war period, [[submarine warfare]] was given a low priority for development, as the early submarines were regarded as unsafe, and useful only for short-range coastal point defense.<ref name=Peatty>Peatty, ''Kaigun'', p. 114</ref> |
The Imperial Japanese Navy received its first submarines during the [[Russo-Japanese War]], but these vessels were not operational until after the war ended. During the post-war period, [[submarine warfare]] was given a low priority for development, as the early submarines were regarded as unsafe, and useful only for short-range coastal point defense.<ref name=Peatty>Peatty, ''Kaigun'', p. 114</ref> |
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==Design-- |
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| ⚫ | ''Komahashi'' was designed and built as the {{nihongo|Cargo ship ''Komahashi Maru''|運送船 駒橋丸|Unsōsen Komahashi Maru}} at the [[Sasebo Naval Arsenal]]. She was laid down on 7 October 1912 and was launched on 21 May 1913.<ref name= Nishida>{{cite web| last = Nishida| first = Hiroshi| url = http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/stc0849.htm| title = Materials of IJN| work = Imperial Japanese Navy| accessdate = }}</ref> She was specifically intended for the role of supplying the Imperial Japanese Navy’s [[Mako Guard District]], located in the [[Pescadores]] between [[Taiwan]] and [[China]]. |
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Her design was that of a standard three island merchant freighter, with two coal-fired Hayabara boilers producing 1825 shp, driving a single shaft, with a design speed of 14 knots. In 1932, she was modernized with two Ikegai [[diesel engine]]s. She was armed with two [[QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun]]s and one [[8 cm/40 3rd Year Type naval gun]] <ref name= Jentsura />. |
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== Operational career == |
== Operational career == |
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| ⚫ | With the start of [[World War I]], from 20 January 1914, ''Komahashi'' was based at [[Sasebo Naval District]], and was converted into a submarine tender on 23 May 1914. However, soon after, on 16 August 1914, she was re-classified as a 2nd class ''[[kaibokan]]'' and assigned to the 4th Torpedo Division.<ref name=Combined>[http://www.combinedfleet.com/ Komahashi_t.htm] CombinedFleet.com: ''Komahashi'' Tabular Record of Movement</ref> |
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| ⚫ | ''Komahashi'' was designed and built as the {{nihongo|Cargo ship ''Komahashi Maru''|運送船 駒橋丸|Unsōsen Komahashi Maru}} at the [[Sasebo Naval Arsenal]]. She was laid down on 7 October 1912 and was |
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On 1 April 1920, her classification was changed |
On 1 April 1920, her classification was changed that of a {{nihongo|torpedo recovery ship|水雷母艦|Suiraibokan}}. <ref name=Combined/> |
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On 1 December 1924, ''Komahashi'' was again classified as a submarine tender, however her primary task for the next several years was that of a survey vessel, charting the area around the Pescadores and the China coast. |
On 1 December 1924, ''Komahashi'' was again classified once again as a submarine tender, however her primary task for the next several years was that of a survey vessel, charting the area around the Pescadores and the China coast. On 1 October 1931, ''Komahashi'' was assigned to the [[Yokosuka Naval District]], and was refitted at the [[Yokosuka Naval Arsenal]] in early 1932 with more powerful [[diesel engine]]s and survey ship facilities, a process that lasted until November 1932. Upon re-launching, she surveyed around the [[Luzon Strait]], the [[South Pacific Mandate]], the [[Kuril Islands]] and the [[Kamchatka Peninsula]], collecting data on [[ocean current]]s, salinity, subsea topography and fisheries resources<ref name=Combined/>. One of her discoveries was the [[Komahashi Seamount]], an underwater volcano at the northern end of the [[Kyushu-Palau Ridge]] in the [[Philippine Sea]]. |
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On 1 October 1931, ''Komahashi'' was assigned to the [[Yokosuka Naval District]], and was refitted at the [[Yokosuka Naval Arsenal]] in early 1932 with more powerful [[diesel engine]]s and survey ship facilities, a process that lasted until November 1932. Upon re-launching, she surveyed around the [[Luzon Strait]], the [[South Pacific Mandate]], the [[Kuril Islands]] and the [[Kamchatka Peninsula]], collecting data on ocean currents, salinity, subsea topography and fisheries resources. One of her discoveries was the [[Komahashi Seamount]], an underwater volcano at the northern end of the [[Kyushu-Palau Ridge]] in the [[Philippine Sea]] |
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On 19 August 1937, ''Komahashi'' was assigned to the [[3rd Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)|IJN 3rd Fleet]] and participated in combat operations along the China coast during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]. On 10 October 1937, she was assigned to the [[China Area Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)|China Area Fleet]].<ref name=Combined/> |
On 19 August 1937, ''Komahashi'' was assigned to the [[3rd Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)|IJN 3rd Fleet]] and participated in combat operations along the China coast during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]. On 10 October 1937, she was assigned to the [[China Area Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)|China Area Fleet]].<ref name=Combined/> |
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From June 1939, ''Komahashi'' was once again assigned to the Yokosuka Naval District, and assigned to surveying missions and patrols of the South Pacific Mandate area for the potential development of seaplane bases and naval harbors, and was serving in this capacity at the time of the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] on 7 December 1941. |
From June 1939, ''Komahashi'' was once again assigned to the Yokosuka Naval District, and assigned to surveying missions and patrols of the South Pacific Mandate area for the potential development of seaplane bases and naval harbors, and was serving in this capacity at the time of the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] on 7 December 1941. At some time during 1941, she was also fitted with [[depth charge]] racks and six [[Type 96 25 mm AT/AA Gun|Type 96 25-mm AA gun]]s. <ref name=Combined/> |
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On 7 July 1942, ''Komahashi'' participated in the rescue mission for survivors of the SS ''Haruna Maru'', a 10420-ton passenger liner that had run aground off [[Omaezaki]] on a transport mission for the [[Imperial Japanese Army]]. After the conclusion of the rescue, Komahashi was re-assigned to the [[5th Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)|IJN 5th Fleet]] for operations in northern waters. |
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During August–September 1942 ''Komahashi'' surveyed the [[Aleutian Islands]] during the Japanese invasion. She was heavily damaged by U.S. aircraft at [[Kiska]] on 29 September and was forced to withdraw to Yokosuka Naval Arsenal for repairs. On 1 November, she was once again assigned to the Yokosuka Naval District, where she made 38 runs as a convoy escort and transport in waters around the Japanese home islands throughout 1943.<ref name=Combined/> |
During early 1942, ''Komahashi'' remained based at Yokosuka, and provided short-range escort for inbound and outbound convoys. On 7 July 1942, ''Komahashi'' participated in the rescue mission for survivors of the SS ''Haruna Maru'', a 10420-ton passenger liner that had run aground off [[Omaezaki]] on a transport mission for the [[Imperial Japanese Army]]. After the conclusion of the rescue, Komahashi was re-assigned to the [[5th Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)|IJN 5th Fleet]] for operations in northern waters. During August–September 1942 ''Komahashi'' surveyed the [[Aleutian Islands]] during the Japanese invasion. She was heavily damaged by U.S. aircraft at [[Kiska]] on 29 September and was forced to withdraw to Yokosuka Naval Arsenal for repairs. On 1 November, she was once again assigned to the Yokosuka Naval District, where she made 38 runs as a convoy escort and transport in waters around the [[Japanese home islands]] throughout 1943.<ref name=Combined/> |
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On 16 January 1944, ''Komahashi'' was declared [[flagship]] of the 3rd Escort Group, [[IJN Escort Fleet]] and based in [[Owase, Mie|Owase]], [[Mie Prefecture]], escorting shipping around the [[Kii Peninsula]]. |
On 16 January 1944, ''Komahashi'' was declared [[flagship]] of the 3rd Escort Group, [[List of Imperial Japanese Navy fleets|IJN Escort Fleet]] and based in [[Owase, Mie|Owase]], [[Mie Prefecture]], escorting shipping around the [[Kii Peninsula]]. Later that year, she received more anti-aircraft guns, including additional Type 96s, two [[13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun|Type 93 13.2 mm AA guns]] and two [[Type 92 heavy machine gun|Type 92 7.7mm machine gun]]s<ref name=Combined/>. |
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On 15 April 1945 ''Komahashi'' was assigned to the role of flagship of the [[4th Special Attack Division]], based at Owase. The division included 60 [[ |
On 15 April 1945 ''Komahashi'' was assigned to the role of flagship of the [[Japanese Special Attack Units|4th Special Attack Division]], based at Owase. The division included 60 [[Shin'yō-class suicide motorboat |''Shin'yō '']] suicide motorboats, 24 [[Kairyu-class submarine|''Kairyu'']] midget submarines and four ''[[Kaiten]]'' human torpedoes.<ref name=Combined/> |
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It was in this role that she was attacked by Allied aircraft of [[Fast Carrier Task Force|Task Force 38]] on 27 July of that year and sank in shallow waters at Owase. ''Komahashi'' was abandoned until the [[surrender of Japan]] and officially struck from the [[navy list]] on 30 November 1945. On 20 September 1948, she was refloated and towed to [[Nagoya]], where she was salvaged for scrap in 1949. |
It was in this role that she was attacked by Allied aircraft of [[Fast Carrier Task Force|Task Force 38]] on 27 July of that year and sank in shallow waters at Owase. ''Komahashi'' was abandoned until the [[surrender of Japan]] and officially struck from the [[navy list]] on 30 November 1945. On 20 September 1948, she was refloated and towed to [[Nagoya]], where she was salvaged for scrap in 1949. |
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Revision as of 08:58, 28 September 2014
 Komahashi in 1933
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| History | |
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| Name | Komahashi |
| Ordered | 1911 Fiscal Year |
| Builder | Sasebo Naval Arsenal |
| Laid down | 7 October 1912 |
| Launched | 21 May 1913 |
| Completed | 20 January 1914 |
| Decommissioned | 30 November 1945 |
| Reclassified | list error: <br /> list (help) • 7 October 1912 as cargo ship • 23 May 1914 as submersible tender • 16 August 1914 as 2nd class coast defence ship • 1 April 1920 as torpedo recovery ship • 1 December 1924 as submarine tender |
| Fate | Sunk on 28 July 1945. |
| General characteristics before April 1932 | |
| Typ | Cargo ship/submarine tender |
| Displacement | list error: <br /> list (help) 1,125 long tons (1,143 t) standard 1,230 long tons (1,250 t) standing |
| Length | 64.01 m (210 ft 0 in) waterline |
| Beam | 10.67 m (35 ft 0 in) |
| Draught | 3.55 m (11 ft 8 in) |
| Propulsion | list error: <br /> list (help) 2 × three expansion stages reciprocating engines 4 × scotch boilers 2 shafts, 1,824 shp (1,360 kW) |
| Speed | 13.9 knots (16.0 mph; 25.7 km/h) |
| Complement | 86 |
| Armament | list error: <br /> list (help) in 1914 • 3 × QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun |
| General characteristics after November 1932 | |
| Typ | Survey ship |
| Displacement | 1,661 long tons (1,688 t) standing |
| Propulsion | list error: <br /> list (help) 2 × Ikegai model diesels 2 × Kampon coal/oil-fired boilers 2 shafts, 1,800 shp (1,300 kW) |
| Speed | 14.0 knots (16.1 mph; 25.9 km/h) |
| Complement | 102 |
| Armament | list error: <br /> list (help) around 1941 • 2 x QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun •1 × 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type naval gun • 6 × Type 96 25 mm AA guns • depth charges in 1945 • 1 × 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type naval gun • 10 × Type 96 25 mm AA guns • 2 × Type 93 13 mm AA guns • 2 × Type 92 heavy machine guns • depth charges |
 Komahashi in 1942
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Komahashi (駒橋), was an auxiliary vessel operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy, serving from the 1910s through World War II. [1] Her classification changed numerous times during her operational life. Although officially designated as a submarine tender for most of her career, Komahashi very rarely functioned in this role, but was used instead as an oceanographic survey vessel throughout the Pacific, and as a kaibokan escort vessel for convoys of merchant ships during the Pacific War.
Background
The Imperial Japanese Navy received its first submarines during the Russo-Japanese War, but these vessels were not operational until after the war ended. During the post-war period, submarine warfare was given a low priority for development, as the early submarines were regarded as unsafe, and useful only for short-range coastal point defense.[2]
==Design-- Komahashi was designed and built as the Cargo ship Komahashi Maru (運送船 駒橋丸, Unsōsen Komahashi Maru) at the Sasebo Naval Arsenal. She was laid down on 7 October 1912 and was launched on 21 May 1913.[3] She was specifically intended for the role of supplying the Imperial Japanese Navy’s Mako Guard District, located in the Pescadores between Taiwan and China. Her design was that of a standard three island merchant freighter, with two coal-fired Hayabara boilers producing 1825 shp, driving a single shaft, with a design speed of 14 knots. In 1932, she was modernized with two Ikegai diesel engines. She was armed with two QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval guns and one 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type naval gun [1].
Operational career
With the start of World War I, from 20 January 1914, Komahashi was based at Sasebo Naval District, and was converted into a submarine tender on 23 May 1914. However, soon after, on 16 August 1914, she was re-classified as a 2nd class kaibokan and assigned to the 4th Torpedo Division.[4]
On 1 April 1920, her classification was changed that of a torpedo recovery ship (水雷母艦, Suiraibokan). [4]
On 1 December 1924, Komahashi was again classified once again as a submarine tender, however her primary task for the next several years was that of a survey vessel, charting the area around the Pescadores and the China coast. On 1 October 1931, Komahashi was assigned to the Yokosuka Naval District, and was refitted at the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal in early 1932 with more powerful diesel engines and survey ship facilities, a process that lasted until November 1932. Upon re-launching, she surveyed around the Luzon Strait, the South Pacific Mandate, the Kuril Islands and the Kamchatka Peninsula, collecting data on ocean currents, salinity, subsea topography and fisheries resources[4]. One of her discoveries was the Komahashi Seamount, an underwater volcano at the northern end of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge in the Philippine Sea.
On 19 August 1937, Komahashi was assigned to the IJN 3rd Fleet and participated in combat operations along the China coast during the Second Sino-Japanese War. On 10 October 1937, she was assigned to the China Area Fleet.[4]
From June 1939, Komahashi was once again assigned to the Yokosuka Naval District, and assigned to surveying missions and patrols of the South Pacific Mandate area for the potential development of seaplane bases and naval harbors, and was serving in this capacity at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. At some time during 1941, she was also fitted with depth charge racks and six Type 96 25-mm AA guns. [4]
During early 1942, Komahashi remained based at Yokosuka, and provided short-range escort for inbound and outbound convoys. On 7 July 1942, Komahashi participated in the rescue mission for survivors of the SS Haruna Maru, a 10420-ton passenger liner that had run aground off Omaezaki on a transport mission for the Imperial Japanese Army. After the conclusion of the rescue, Komahashi was re-assigned to the IJN 5th Fleet for operations in northern waters. During August–September 1942 Komahashi surveyed the Aleutian Islands during the Japanese invasion. She was heavily damaged by U.S. aircraft at Kiska on 29 September and was forced to withdraw to Yokosuka Naval Arsenal for repairs. On 1 November, she was once again assigned to the Yokosuka Naval District, where she made 38 runs as a convoy escort and transport in waters around the Japanese home islands throughout 1943.[4]
On 16 January 1944, Komahashi was declared flagship of the 3rd Escort Group, IJN Escort Fleet and based in Owase, Mie Prefecture, escorting shipping around the Kii Peninsula. Later that year, she received more anti-aircraft guns, including additional Type 96s, two Type 93 13.2 mm AA guns and two Type 92 7.7mm machine guns[4].
On 15 April 1945 Komahashi was assigned to the role of flagship of the 4th Special Attack Division, based at Owase. The division included 60 Shin'yō suicide motorboats, 24 Kairyu midget submarines and four Kaiten human torpedoes.[4]
It was in this role that she was attacked by Allied aircraft of Task Force 38 on 27 July of that year and sank in shallow waters at Owase. Komahashi was abandoned until the surrender of Japan and officially struck from the navy list on 30 November 1945. On 20 September 1948, she was refloated and towed to Nagoya, where she was salvaged for scrap in 1949.
References
- Evans, David C. (1997). Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-192-7.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Jentsura, Hansgeorg (1976). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-893-X.
- Brown, David (1990). Warship Losses of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-914-X.
- Ships of the World special issue Vol.47, Auxiliary Vessels of the Imperial Japanese Navy, "Kaijinsha"., (Japan), March 1997
- The Maru Special, Japanese Naval Vessels No.29, Japanese submarine tenders w/ auxiliary submarine tenders, "Ushio Shobō". (Japan), July 1979
- The Maru Special, Japanese Naval Vessels No.135, Japanese submarines IV, Ushio Shobō (Japan), May 1988
- Shinshichirō Komamiya, The Wartime Convoy Histories, "Shuppan Kyōdōsha"., (Japan), October 1987, ISBN 4-87970-047-9
External links
- Nishida, Hiroshi. "Materials of IJN". Imperial Japanese Navy.
- Parshall, Jon; Bob Hackett; Sander Kingsepp; Allyn Nevitt. CombinedFleet.com: Komahasho Tabular Record of Movement "Imperial Japanese Navy Page (Combinedfleet.com)".
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help)
Notes
- ^ a b Jentsura, Hansgeorg (1976). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-893-X. page 237
- ^ Peatty, Kaigun, p. 114
- ^ Nishida, Hiroshi. "Materials of IJN". Imperial Japanese Navy.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Komahashi_t.htm CombinedFleet.com: Komahashi Tabular Record of Movement