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==History==
==History==
According to the ''[[Shuowen Jiezi]]'', the character for Qin is a [[Chinese character classification|compound ideogram]] which combined two characters: ''chong'' 舂 "to pound", and ''he'' 禾 "grain".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zdic.net/z/20/sw/79E6.htm |title=秦, Qin |work=zdic.net }}</ref> The character originally refers to a fertile valley Qingu (秦谷, Qin Valley) in [[Longxi County, Gansu|Longxi]] near [[Tianshui]], [[Gansu]] and became the name of that area. The area was granted to [[Feizi]], a descendants of [[Gao Tao]], by [[King Xiao of Zhou]] Dynasty as a fief in the 9th century BC, which then grew into the [[state of Qin]]. In the 3rd century BC, the state of Qin unified China and became the first imperial dynasty under [[Qin Shi Huang]]. After the fall of the dynasty in 206 BC, the descendants of Qin royalty, whose [[Chinese ancestral name|ancestral name]] was Ying ({{zh|c=[[wikt:嬴|嬴]]}}), was said to have adopted the surname Qin.<ref name="qin name">{{cite web |url=http://english.people.com.cn/200602/20/eng20060220_244270.html |title=Chinese surname history: Qin |work=People's Daily Online }}</ref> Many people sought to identify themselves with the Qin long after the fall of the [[Qin Dynasty]]; in Japan, the [[Hata clan]] of Japan claims descent from a branch of the Qin royal family, "Hata" being the native Japanese reading for the character "Qin".<ref>[[Shinsen Shōjiroku]] "出自秦始皇帝三世孫孝武王也"</ref>
According to the ''[[Shuowen Jiezi]]'', the character for Qin is a [[Chinese character classification|compound ideogram]] which combined two characters: ''chong'' 舂 "to pound", and ''he'' 禾 "grain".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zdic.net/z/20/sw/79E6.htm |title=秦, Qin |work=zdic.net }}</ref> The character originally refers to Qin Valley (秦谷) in [[Longxi County, Gansu|Longxi]] near [[Tianshui]], [[Gansu]] and became the name of that area. The area was granted to [[Feizi]], a descendants of [[Gao Tao]], by [[King Xiao of Zhou]] as a fief in the 9th century BC, which then grew into the [[state of Qin]]. In the 3rd century BC, the state of Qin unified China and became the first imperial dynasty under [[Qin Shi Huang]]. After the fall of the dynasty in 206 BC, the descendants of Qin royalty, whose [[Chinese ancestral name|ancestral name]] was Ying ({{zh|c=[[wikt:嬴|嬴]]}}), was said to have adopted the surname Qin.<ref name="qin name">{{cite web |url=http://english.people.com.cn/200602/20/eng20060220_244270.html |title=Chinese surname history: Qin |work=People's Daily Online }}</ref> Many people sought to identify themselves with the Qin long after the fall of the [[Qin dynasty]]; in Japan, the [[Hata clan]] of Japan claims descent from a branch of the Qin royal family, "Hata" being the native Japanese reading for the character "Qin".<ref>[[Shinsen Shōjiroku]] "出自秦始皇帝三世孫孝武王也"</ref>


Another origin came from the Qin estate (秦邑; present-day [[Fan County]], [[Henan]]) in the [[state of Lu]] (鲁). During the early [[Zhou Dynasty|Zhou dynasty]] in the 10th century BC, [[Boqin]] the son of the [[Duke of Zhou]], originally surnamed [[Jī (surname)|Ji]] (姬), was given the state of Lu, and his descendants who were assigned to the Qin estate adopted the name of their place of residence as their surname.<ref>{{cite book |url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=l1vR-x9_pEEC&pg=PA84&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false |author= Fu Chinjiang |title=Origins of Chinese Names | publisher=Asiapac Books|isbn= 978-9812294623 |year=2007 }}</ref>
Another origin came from the Qin City (秦邑; present-day [[Fan County]], [[Henan]]) in the [[state of Lu]] (鲁). During the early [[Zhou dynasty]] in the 10th century BC, [[Boqin]] the son of the [[Duke of Zhou]], originally surnamed [[Jī (surname)|Ji]] (姬), was given the state of Lu, and his descendants who were assigned to the Qin estate adopted the name of their place of residence as their surname.<ref>{{cite book |url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=l1vR-x9_pEEC&pg=PA84 |author= Fu Chinjiang |title=Origins of Chinese Names | publisher=Asiapac Books|isbn= 978-9812294623 |year=2007 }}</ref>


After the opening of the [[Silk Road]] in the 2nd century BC, [[Daqin]] (大秦, Great Qin) was the name used by the [[Han Dynasty|Han]] Chinese for the [[Roman Empire]]. It was said that the surname Qin was therefore adopted by some people to the west of China arriving via the Silk Road.<ref>{{cite book |title=华人文化世界 |publisher=天津海外联谊会 |year=1995 |page=92 }}</ref> Various non-Han people of China also took "Qin" as their surname, such as the [[Mongols]], the [[Daur people|Daur]]s, the [[Manchus]], and the [[Jurchen people|Jurchen]] Moyan (抹捻 during the [[Jin Dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] and 穆颜 during the Manchu period).<ref>[http://baike.baidu.com/view/33119.htm origin of Qin]</ref>
After the opening of the [[Silk Road]] in the 2nd century BC, [[Daqin]] (大秦, Great Qin) was the name used by the [[Han Dynasty|Han]] Chinese for the [[Roman Empire]]. It was said that the surname Qin was therefore adopted by some people to the west of China arriving via the Silk Road.<ref>{{cite book |title=华人文化世界 |publisher=天津海外联谊会 |year=1995 |page=92 }}</ref> Various non-Han people of China also took "Qin" as their surname, such as the [[Mongols]], the [[Daur people|Daur]]s, the [[Manchus]], and the [[Jurchen people|Jurchen]] Moyan (抹捻 during the [[Jin Dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] and 穆颜 during the Manchu period).<ref>[http://baike.baidu.com/view/33119.htm origin of Qin]</ref>


Ancient Chinese texts recorded that one of the friends of the mythical Chinese emperor [[Shun (Chinese leader)|Shun]] (23rd century BC) was named Qin Buxu (秦不虛). However, no record exists of the later lineages of this Qin Buxu.
Ancient Chinese texts recorded that one of the friends of the legendary sage king [[Emperor Shun]] (23rd century BC) was named Qin Buxu (秦不虛). However, no record exists of the later lineages of this Qin Buxu.


==Notable people with the surname==
==Notable people with the surname==

Revision as of 02:58, 29 May 2015

Qin (秦)
Language(s)Chinese
Origin
Language(s)Old Chinese
Word/nameState of Qin
Other names
Derivative(s)Chin

Qin[nb 1] (秦) is a common Chinese surname. "Qin" is the hanyu pinyin romanization of the surname for Mandarin, the common dialect of China; other romanizations of the surname include Chin and Jin in Mandarin, Ceon and Cheun in Cantonese, and Tan in Vietnamese. People with this surname are most commonly found in Henan, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Hubei and Hebei.[1]

History

According to the Shuowen Jiezi, the character for Qin is a compound ideogram which combined two characters: chong 舂 "to pound", and he 禾 "grain".[2] The character originally refers to Qin Valley (秦谷) in Longxi near Tianshui, Gansu and became the name of that area. The area was granted to Feizi, a descendants of Gao Tao, by King Xiao of Zhou as a fief in the 9th century BC, which then grew into the state of Qin. In the 3rd century BC, the state of Qin unified China and became the first imperial dynasty under Qin Shi Huang. After the fall of the dynasty in 206 BC, the descendants of Qin royalty, whose ancestral name was Ying (Chinese: 嬴), was said to have adopted the surname Qin.[1] Many people sought to identify themselves with the Qin long after the fall of the Qin dynasty; in Japan, the Hata clan of Japan claims descent from a branch of the Qin royal family, "Hata" being the native Japanese reading for the character "Qin".[3]

Another origin came from the Qin City (秦邑; present-day Fan County, Henan) in the state of Lu (鲁). During the early Zhou dynasty in the 10th century BC, Boqin the son of the Duke of Zhou, originally surnamed Ji (姬), was given the state of Lu, and his descendants who were assigned to the Qin estate adopted the name of their place of residence as their surname.[4]

After the opening of the Silk Road in the 2nd century BC, Daqin (大秦, Great Qin) was the name used by the Han Chinese for the Roman Empire. It was said that the surname Qin was therefore adopted by some people to the west of China arriving via the Silk Road.[5] Various non-Han people of China also took "Qin" as their surname, such as the Mongols, the Daurs, the Manchus, and the Jurchen Moyan (抹捻 during the Jin dynasty and 穆颜 during the Manchu period).[6]

Ancient Chinese texts recorded that one of the friends of the legendary sage king Emperor Shun (23rd century BC) was named Qin Buxu (秦不虛). However, no record exists of the later lineages of this Qin Buxu.

Notable people with the surname

Historical

  • Qin Kai (秦開), general of the Yan state
  • Qin Wuyang (秦舞陽; died 227 BC), grandson of Qin Kai, accompanied Jing Ke to assassinate Qin Shi Huang Di in 227 BC
  • Qin Jia (秦嘉), Eastern Han Dynasty poet
  • Qin Lang (秦朗), Wei general of the Three Kingdoms period
  • Qin Qiong (秦瓊; died 638), Tang Dynasty general
  • Qin Zongquan (秦宗權; died 889), Tang Dynasty warlord
  • Qin Guan (秦觀; 1049 – c. 1100), Song Dynasty writer and poet
  • Qin Hui (秦檜; 1090–1155), Southern Song Dynasty politician
  • Qin Jiushao (秦九韶; 1202–1261), Southern Song Dynasty mathematician
  • Qin Liangyu (秦良玉; 1574-1648), Ming Dynasty general
  • Qin Rigang (秦日綱; 1821–1856), Taiping Rebellion leader
  • Qin Jiwei (秦基伟; 1914-1997), general

Modern

Notes

  1. ^ The approximate pronunciation in English is /ˈtʃɪn/.

References

  1. ^ a b "Chinese surname history: Qin". People's Daily Online.
  2. ^ "秦, Qin". zdic.net.
  3. ^ Shinsen Shōjiroku "出自秦始皇帝三世孫孝武王也"
  4. ^ Fu Chinjiang (2007). Origins of Chinese Names. Asiapac Books. ISBN 978-9812294623.
  5. ^ 华人文化世界. 天津海外联谊会. 1995. p. 92.
  6. ^ origin of Qin
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