Trilled affricate: Difference between revisions
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| Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental consonant || {{IPA|[t̪ʙ̥]}} || [[Wari’ language|Wari’]] |
| Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental consonant || {{IPA|[t̪ʙ̥]}} || [[Wari’ language|Wari’]] |
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| Voiced prenasalized trilled postalveolar affricate || {{IPA|[ndr]}} || [[Fijian language|Fijian]] and [[Avava |
| Voiced prenasalized trilled postalveolar affricate || {{IPA|[ndr]}} || [[Fijian language|Fijian]] and [[Avava language|Avava]] |
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| Voiceless alveolar trilled affricate || {{IPA|[tʳ]}} || [[Ngkoth language|Ngkoth]] |
| Voiceless alveolar trilled affricate || {{IPA|[tʳ]}} || [[Ngkoth language|Ngkoth]] |
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| Voiced alveolar trilled affricate || {{IPA|[dʳ]}} || [[Nias language|Nias]] |
| Voiced alveolar trilled affricate || {{IPA|[dʳ]}} || [[Nias language|Nias]] |
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| Voiceless epiglottal (trilled pharyngeal) affricate || {{IPA|[ʡʜ]}} |
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| Voiced epiglottal (trilled pharyngeal) affricate || {{IPA|[ʡʢ]}} || Hydaburg Haida |
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In Fijian, trilling is rare in these sounds, and they are frequently distinguished by being [[postalveolar]].<ref>{{SOWL}} p. 131</ref> In Malagasy, they may have a rhotic release, {{IPA|[ʈɽ̝̊ ɳʈɽ̝̊ ɖɽ̝ ɳɖɽ̝]}}, be simple stops, {{IPA|[ʈ ɳʈ ɖ ɳɖ]}}, or standard affricates, {{IPA|[ʈʂ ɳʈʂ ɖʐ ɳɖʐ]}}. |
In Fijian, trilling is rare in these sounds, and they are frequently distinguished by being [[postalveolar]].<ref>{{SOWL}} p. 131</ref> In Malagasy, they may have a rhotic release, {{IPA|[ʈɽ̝̊ ɳʈɽ̝̊ ɖɽ̝ ɳɖɽ̝]}}, be simple stops, {{IPA|[ʈ ɳʈ ɖ ɳɖ]}}, or standard affricates, {{IPA|[ʈʂ ɳʈʂ ɖʐ ɳɖʐ]}}. |
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Most post-trilled consonants are affricates: the stop and trill share the same [[place of articulation]]. However, there is a rare exception in a few neighboring Amazonian languages, where a voiceless [[bilabial trill|bilabially post-trilled]] dental stop, {{IPA|[t̪͡ʙ̥]}} (occasionally written "tᵖ") is reported from [[Pirahã language#The bilabially trilled affricate|Pirahã]] and from a few words in the [[Chapacuran languages]] [[Wari’ language|Wari’]] and [[Oro Win language|Oro Win]]. This sound also appears as an [[allophone]] of the labialized [[voiceless alveolar stop]] {{IPA|/tʷ/}} of [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] and [[Ubykh language|Ubykh]], but in those languages it is more often realised by a doubly articulated stop {{IPA|[t͡p]}}. In the Chapacuran languages, {{IPA|[tʙ̥]}} is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as {{IPA|[o]}} and {{IPA|[y]}}. |
Most post-trilled consonants are affricates: the stop and trill share the same [[place of articulation]]. However, there is a rare exception in a few neighboring Amazonian languages, where a voiceless [[bilabial trill|bilabially post-trilled]] dental stop, {{IPA|[t̪͡ʙ̥]}} (occasionally written "tᵖ") is reported from [[Pirahã language#The bilabially trilled affricate|Pirahã]] and from a few words in the [[Chapacuran languages]] [[Wari’ language|Wari’]] and [[Oro Win language|Oro Win]]. This sound also appears as an [[allophone]] of the labialized [[voiceless alveolar stop]] {{IPA|/tʷ/}} of [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] and [[Ubykh language|Ubykh]], but in those languages it is more often realised by a doubly articulated stop {{IPA|[t͡p]}}. In the Chapacuran languages, {{IPA|[tʙ̥]}} is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as {{IPA|[o]}} and {{IPA|[y]}}. |
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Hydaburg Haida {{IPA|[ʡʢ]}} is cognate to Southern Haida {{IPA|[ɢ]}}, Masset Haida {{IPA|[ʕ]}}.<ref>[http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/1993_Bessell.pdf]</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 23:57, 6 August 2015
Trilled affricates, also known as post-trilled consonants, are consonants which begin as a stop and have a trill release. These consonants are reported to exist in some Northern Paman languages in Australia,[1] as well as in Austronesian languages such as Fijian and Malagasy.
| Sound | IPA | Languages |
|---|---|---|
| Voiced prenasalized trilled bilabial affricate | [mbʙ] | Kele and Avava |
| Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental consonant | [t̪ʙ̥] | Wari’ |
| Voiced prenasalized trilled postalveolar affricate | [ndr] | Fijian and Avava |
| Voiceless alveolar trilled affricate | [tʳ] | Ngkoth |
| Voiced alveolar trilled affricate | [dʳ] | Nias |
| Voiceless epiglottal (trilled pharyngeal) affricate | [ʡʜ] | |
| Voiced epiglottal (trilled pharyngeal) affricate | [ʡʢ] | Hydaburg Haida |
In Fijian, trilling is rare in these sounds, and they are frequently distinguished by being postalveolar.[2] In Malagasy, they may have a rhotic release, [ʈɽ̝̊ ɳʈɽ̝̊ ɖɽ̝ ɳɖɽ̝], be simple stops, [ʈ ɳʈ ɖ ɳɖ], or standard affricates, [ʈʂ ɳʈʂ ɖʐ ɳɖʐ].
Most post-trilled consonants are affricates: the stop and trill share the same place of articulation. However, there is a rare exception in a few neighboring Amazonian languages, where a voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop, [t̪͡ʙ̥] (occasionally written "tᵖ") is reported from Pirahã and from a few words in the Chapacuran languages Wari’ and Oro Win. This sound also appears as an allophone of the labialized voiceless alveolar stop /tʷ/ of Abkhaz and Ubykh, but in those languages it is more often realised by a doubly articulated stop [t͡p]. In the Chapacuran languages, [tʙ̥] is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as [o] and [y].
Hydaburg Haida [ʡʢ] is cognate to Southern Haida [ɢ], Masset Haida [ʕ].[3]
References
- ^ Hale, Kenneth (1976). "Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages." In: Languages of Cape York, ed. Peter Sutton. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
- ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6. p. 131
- ^ [1]