Haplogroup R-Z18: Difference between revisions

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Haplogroup R-Z18 is a haplogroup that includes all men who have the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) designated Z18 in their Y chromosome. Z18, also called S493, is defined to be mutation in which the nucleotide at position 14,991,735^[1] along the Y chromosome has mutated from guanine (G) to adenine (A). Haplogroup R-Z18 includes all men who have a male-only line of descent from the first man to be conceived with the Z18 mutation.

R-Z18 is a subclade of haplogroup R-U106, which is one of the major haplogroups in Western Europe. Judging from the distribution of known carriers of Z18, the first carrier of Z18 likely lived in the North Sea basin in Northern Europe. On the basis of genetic test results reported by men who are positive for Z18, the first carrier of this mutation lived in about 2,187 B.C., with a 90% confidence range of 2,899 B.C. to 1,422 B.C.^[2]

Major known subclades of R-Z18 include R-ZP156, R-S11601, R-DF95, R-FGC7637, R-Z2396, R-S6119 and R-Z17.^[3] The subclade structure of R-Z18 is changing relatively quickly as a result of growth in the popularity of genetic genealogy testing.

References

^ This position is with respect to human reference genome GRCh37/hg19 released on March 7, 2009 by the Genome Reference Consortium. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genome/assembly/grc/human/
^ Based on an analysis of the SNP mutations found in 510 reconstructed partial Y chromosome sequences of known carriers of U106. Seventy-five of those Y-DNA sequences are known carriers of Z18. The analysis was performed by Dr. Iain McDonald and reported to the private R1b1c_U106-S21_Haplogroup Yahoo! Group on Nov 17, 2015. https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b1c_U106-S21/info
^ Peter Op den Velde Boots, R-Z18 A North Sea Tribe, http://l257.groenebeverbv.nl/

External links

L257 A North Sea Tribe

[vanOven2014-4] Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809. S2CID 23291764.

[ISOGG2015-5] International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)

[A0-T-6] Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).

[A1-7] Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.

[F-Y27277-8] F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.

[LT-9] Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.

[K2-10] Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.

[K2b-11] Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.

[K2b1-12] Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

[P-13] Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.

[K-M2313-14] K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)

[S-15] Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

[M-16] Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

[1] This position is with respect to human reference genome GRCh37/hg19 released on March 7, 2009 by the Genome Reference Consortium. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genome/assembly/grc/human/

[2] Based on an analysis of the SNP mutations found in 510 reconstructed partial Y chromosome sequences of known carriers of U106. Seventy-five of those Y-DNA sequences are known carriers of Z18. The analysis was performed by Dr. Iain McDonald and reported to the private R1b1c_U106-S21_Haplogroup Yahoo! Group on Nov 17, 2015. https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b1c_U106-S21/info

[3] Peter Op den Velde Boots, R-Z18 A North Sea Tribe, http://l257.groenebeverbv.nl/

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Revision as of 23:46, 17 January 2016 edit BFCockburn (talk \| contribs) Extended confirmed users 532 edits Added See also section ← Previous edit		Revision as of 23:48, 17 January 2016 edit undo BFCockburn (talk \| contribs) Extended confirmed users 532 edits m Added links to the articles on adenine and guanine Next edit →
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	'''Haplogroup R-Z18''' is a [[Haplogroup\|haplogroup]] that includes all men who have the [[single nucleotide polymorphism]] (SNP) designated Z18 in their [[Y chromosome]]. Z18, also called S493, is defined to be mutation in which the [[nucleotide]] at position 14,991,735<ref>This position is with respect to human reference genome GRCh37/hg19 released on March 7, 2009 by the Genome Reference Consortium. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genome/assembly/grc/human/</ref> along the Y chromosome has mutated from guanine (G) to adenine (A). Haplogroup R-Z18 includes all men who have a male-only line of descent from the first man to be conceived with the Z18 mutation.		'''Haplogroup R-Z18''' is a [[Haplogroup\|haplogroup]] that includes all men who have the [[single nucleotide polymorphism]] (SNP) designated Z18 in their [[Y chromosome]]. Z18, also called S493, is defined to be mutation in which the [[nucleotide]] at position 14,991,735<ref>This position is with respect to human reference genome GRCh37/hg19 released on March 7, 2009 by the Genome Reference Consortium. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genome/assembly/grc/human/</ref> along the Y chromosome has mutated from [[guanine]] (G) to [[adenine]] (A). Haplogroup R-Z18 includes all men who have a male-only line of descent from the first man to be conceived with the Z18 mutation.

	R-Z18 is a [[subclade]] of [[Haplogroup_R1b#R1b1a2a1a1a_.28R-U106.29\|haplogroup R-U106]], which is one of the major haplogroups in Western Europe. Judging from the distribution of known carriers of Z18, the first carrier of Z18 likely lived in the [[North Sea]] basin in Northern Europe. On the basis of genetic test results reported by men who are positive for Z18, the first carrier of this mutation lived in about 2,187 B.C., with a 90% confidence range of 2,899 B.C. to 1,422 B.C.<ref>Based on an analysis of the SNP mutations found in 510 reconstructed partial Y chromosome sequences of known carriers of U106. Seventy-five of those Y-DNA sequences are known carriers of Z18. The analysis was performed by Dr. Iain McDonald and reported to the private R1b1c_U106-S21_Haplogroup Yahoo! Group on Nov 17, 2015. https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b1c_U106-S21/info</ref>		R-Z18 is a [[subclade]] of [[Haplogroup_R1b#R1b1a2a1a1a_.28R-U106.29\|haplogroup R-U106]], which is one of the major haplogroups in Western Europe. Judging from the distribution of known carriers of Z18, the first carrier of Z18 likely lived in the [[North Sea]] basin in Northern Europe. On the basis of genetic test results reported by men who are positive for Z18, the first carrier of this mutation lived in about 2,187 B.C., with a 90% confidence range of 2,899 B.C. to 1,422 B.C.<ref>Based on an analysis of the SNP mutations found in 510 reconstructed partial Y chromosome sequences of known carriers of U106. Seventy-five of those Y-DNA sequences are known carriers of Z18. The analysis was performed by Dr. Iain McDonald and reported to the private R1b1c_U106-S21_Haplogroup Yahoo! Group on Nov 17, 2015. https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b1c_U106-S21/info</ref>

Revision as of 23:48, 17 January 2016

See also

References

External links