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The term Polish–Lithuanian Union sometimes called the United Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania refers to a series of acts and alliances between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that lasted for prolonged periods of time and led to the creation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth—the "Republic of the Two Nations"—in 1569 and eventually to the creation of a short-lived unitary state in 1791.^[1]

Important events in the process of union included:

1385 – Union of Krewo – a personal union that brought the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Jogaila, to the Polish throne
1401 – Union of Vilnius and Radom – strengthened the Polish–Lithuanian union^[2]
1413 – Union of Horodło – heraldic union which granted many szlachta rights to Lithuanian nobility
1432 (1432–34) – Union of Grodno, a declarative attempt to renew closer union
1499 – Union of Kraków and Vilnius, in which the personal union became a dynastic union, recognising the sovereignty of Lithuania and describing interaction between the two states
1501 – Union of Mielnik – a renewal of the personal union
July 1, 1569 – Union of Lublin – a real union that resulted in creation of the semi-federal, semi-confederal Republic of the Two Nations (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth)
May 3, 1791 – Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791: abolished the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and established a common state, the Rzeczpospolita Polska (the Polish Republic, or Polish Commonwealth) in their place. The Reciprocal Guarantee of Two Nations modified these changes, stressing the continuity of bi-national status of the state. The changes were reversed completely in 1792 under pressure from forces of the Russian Empire.

References

Template:Pl icon Anna Pasterak, Unie polsko-litewskie, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 2004

Notes

^ Catholic Encyclopedia - Poland
^ Sedlar, Jean W. (1994). East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500. History of East Central Europe. Vol. 3. University of Washington Press. p. 388. ISBN 0-295-97290-4.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[File:Unia w Krewie.JPG|thumb|Painting commemorating Polish–Lithuanian union; ca. 1861. The [[motto]] reads "Eternal union".]]
-The term '''Polish–Lithuanian Union''' sometimes called as '''United Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania''' refers to a series of acts and alliances between the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] that lasted for prolonged periods of time and led to the creation of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]—the "Republic of the Two Nations"—in 1569 and eventually to the creation of a short-lived unitary state in 1791.<ref name="Catholic Encyclopedia">[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12181a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia - Poland]</ref>
+The term '''Polish–Lithuanian Union''' sometimes called the '''United Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania''' refers to a series of acts and alliances between the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] that lasted for prolonged periods of time and led to the creation of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]—the "Republic of the Two Nations"—in 1569 and eventually to the creation of a short-lived unitary state in 1791.<ref name="Catholic Encyclopedia">[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12181a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia - Poland]</ref>
-The most important acts in the process of union were:
+Important events in the process of union included:
-* 1385 – [[Union of Krewo]] – a [[personal union]] that brought [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] [[Jogaila]] to [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Polish]] throne;
+* 1385 – [[Union of Krewo]] – a [[personal union]] that brought the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]], [[Jogaila]], to the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Polish]] throne
-* 1401 – [[Union of Vilnius and Radom]] – strengthened the '''Polish–Lithuanian union''';<ref name=jean>{{cite book| title=East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500 |page=388 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ANdbpi1WAIQC&pg=PA388&sig=ACfU3U3LdKwwAHdnCsWS3BEOu5h81f_KVg |publisher=University of Washington Press |year=1994 |volume=3 |series=History of East Central Europe |first=Jean W. |last=Sedlar |isbn=0-295-97290-4}}</ref>
+* 1401 – [[Union of Vilnius and Radom]] – strengthened the Polish–Lithuanian union<ref name=jean>{{cite book| title= East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500 |page= 388 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=ANdbpi1WAIQC&pg=PA388&sig=ACfU3U3LdKwwAHdnCsWS3BEOu5h81f_KVg |publisher= University of Washington Press |year= 1994 |volume=3 |series= History of East Central Europe |first= Jean W. |last= Sedlar |isbn= 0-295-97290-4}}</ref>
-* 1413 – [[Union of Horodło]] – heraldic union, that granted many [[szlachta]] rights to [[Lithuanian nobility]];
+* 1413 – [[Union of Horodło]] – heraldic union which granted many [[szlachta]] rights to [[Lithuanian nobility]]
-* 1432 (1432–34) – [[Union of Grodno (1432)|Union of Grodno]] a declarative attempt to renew closer union;
+* 1432 (1432–34) – [[Union of Grodno (1432)|Union of Grodno]], a declarative attempt to renew closer union
-* 1499 – [[Union of Kraków and Vilnius]] [[personal union]] turns to [[dynastic union]], recognises sovereignty of Lithuania and describes interaction between the two states;
+* 1499 – [[Union of Kraków and Vilnius]], in which the [[personal union]] became a [[dynastic union]], recognising the sovereignty of Lithuania and describing interaction between the two states
-* 1501 – [[Union of Mielnik]] – [[personal union]] renewed;
+* 1501 – [[Union of Mielnik]] – a renewal of the [[personal union]]
-* July 1, 1569 – [[Union of Lublin]] – a [[real union]] that resulted in creation of the semi-[[federation|federal]], semi-[[confederation|confederal]] [[Republic of the Two Nations|Republic of the Two Nations (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth)]]; and
+* July 1, 1569 – [[Union of Lublin]] – a [[real union]] that resulted in creation of the semi-[[federation|federal]], semi-[[confederation|confederal]] [[Republic of the Two Nations|Republic of the Two Nations (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth)]]
-* May 3, 1791 – [[Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791]]: the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] were abolished, and a common state, the ''[[Rzeczpospolita]] Polska'' (the Polish Republic, or Polish Commonwealth) was created in their place. The changes were modified with the [[Reciprocal Guarantee of Two Nations]] that stressed the continuity of bi-national status of the state, and were reversed completely in 1792 under pressure of [[Russian Empire]] forces.
+* May 3, 1791 – [[Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791]]: abolished the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], and established a common state, the ''[[Rzeczpospolita]] Polska'' (the Polish Republic, or Polish Commonwealth) in their place. The [[Reciprocal Guarantee of Two Nations]] modified these changes, stressing the continuity of bi-national status of the state. The changes were reversed completely in 1792 under pressure from forces of the [[Russian Empire]].
 ==References==

v t e Acts of the Polish–Lithuanian union (1385–1569)
Krewo (1385) Vilnius and Radom (1401) Horodło (1413) Grodno (1432) Kraków and Vilna (1499) Mielnik (1501) Lublin (1569)
See also: 3 May 1791 Constitution (Reciprocal Guarantee of Two Nations)

Revision as of 03:35, 24 January 2016

References

Notes

See also