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| death_cause =
| death_cause =
| known_for = [[November 2015 Paris attacks]]
| known_for = [[November 2015 Paris attacks]]
| nationality = French<ref name="libe_live">[http://www.liberation.fr/direct/element/_33222/ live Traque à Molenbeek] French politician mentioned Abdeslam French-only nationality as an argument against reform over binationality</ref>
| nationality = Moroccan-French
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
}}
}}


'''Salah Abdeslam''' ({{IPA-fr|ˈsala ˌabdɛslam}}; born 15 September 1989) is a Belgian-born alleged terrorist of French and Moroccan nationality, who is accused of crimes of [[terrorism in France]]. According to police and governmental authorities, he was personally involved in [[November 2015 Paris attacks|the attacks in Paris on 13 November 2015]] by providing logistical support for the assailants, having driven them to their target locations, and having had some involvement in the manufacture of explosives for use in acts of [[terrorism]]. In the Paris attacks, 130 people were killed and 368 others were injured.
'''Salah Abdeslam''' ({{IPA-fr|ˈsala ˌabdɛslam}}; born 15 September 1989) is a Belgian-born alleged terrorist of French nationality<ref name="libe_live" />, who is accused of crimes of [[terrorism in France]]. According to police and governmental authorities, he was personally involved in [[November 2015 Paris attacks|the attacks in Paris on 13 November 2015]] by providing logistical support for the assailants, having driven them to their target locations, and having had some involvement in the manufacture of explosives for use in acts of [[terrorism]]. In the Paris attacks, 130 people were killed and 368 others were injured.


Soon after the details of the attacks became public, he was billed by some newspapers as [[Public enemy|Public Enemy No. 1]], or as "the most wanted" for crimes by the authorities in Europe. Having evaded authorities, he became "the target of one of the largest [[Manhunt (law enforcement)|manhunts]] in modern European history". [[Europol]] had Abdeslam as first in a list of wanted criminal out of 57 individuals listed publicly by the organisation in January 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws.english/News/1.2558624|title=Abdeslam is Europe's 'most wanted'|work=Deredactie|date=29 January 2016|accessdate=29 January 2016}}</ref>
Soon after the details of the attacks became public, he was billed by some newspapers as [[Public enemy|Public Enemy No. 1]], or as "the most wanted" for crimes by the authorities in Europe. Having evaded authorities, he became "the target of one of the largest [[Manhunt (law enforcement)|manhunts]] in modern European history". [[Europol]] had Abdeslam as first in a list of wanted criminal out of 57 individuals listed publicly by the organisation in January 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws.english/News/1.2558624|title=Abdeslam is Europe's 'most wanted'|work=Deredactie|date=29 January 2016|accessdate=29 January 2016}}</ref>

Revision as of 19:46, 20 March 2016

Salah Abdeslam
CCTV footage of Abdeslam at a French petrol station hours after the attacks
Born (1989-09-15) 15 September 1989 (age 34)
Brussels, Belgium
NationalityFrench[1]
Known forNovember 2015 Paris attacks

Salah Abdeslam (French pronunciation: [ˈsala ˌabdɛslam]; born 15 September 1989) is a Belgian-born alleged terrorist of French nationality[1], who is accused of crimes of terrorism in France. According to police and governmental authorities, he was personally involved in the attacks in Paris on 13 November 2015 by providing logistical support for the assailants, having driven them to their target locations, and having had some involvement in the manufacture of explosives for use in acts of terrorism. In the Paris attacks, 130 people were killed and 368 others were injured.

Soon after the details of the attacks became public, he was billed by some newspapers as Public Enemy No. 1, or as "the most wanted" for crimes by the authorities in Europe. Having evaded authorities, he became "the target of one of the largest manhunts in modern European history". Europol had Abdeslam as first in a list of wanted criminal out of 57 individuals listed publicly by the organisation in January 2016.[2]

Abdeslam is known to have had contacts or social links to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, since the ISIL organization subsequently made a claim of responsibility for the attack. Of the men known to be involved in the attacks, he and Mohammad Abrini are the only two still alive, due to the others involved either having killed themselves, or having been killed by police.[3]

After four months on the run, Abdeslam was arrested during an anti-terrorist raid in the Molenbeek area of Brussels, on 18 March 2016, during which he was injured.

Personal background

Salah Abdeslam was born on 15 September 1989 in Brussels, Belgium. His parents are immigrants who were living in Bouyafar, a small village in northern Morocco, prior to emigration.[4] Though the Abdeslams lived in Belgium from the 1960s, they were all French nationals, having acquired French nationality from the time the parents lived in Algeria.[5]

Abdeslam and Abdelhamid Abaaoud were friends as children, when both were living in Sint-Jans-Molenbeek.[6] Another childhood friend stated that Abdelsam liked football and motorbikes.[7] According to a woman to whom Abdeslam was briefly engaged in 2011, he and Abaaoud continued to be close friends into adulthood.[8]

At some point, Abdeslam became a reputed user of cannabis. He also frequently drank alcohol at a gay bar.[9]

Abdeslam was employed by STIB-MIVB as a mechanic from September 2009 to 2011.[6][10] One source states his employment was terminated due to his repeated absences,[11][12] but another source previously close to Abdeslam stated that his employment was terminated due to some kind of act or acts of crime, for which he was subsequently sentenced to one month in jail.[8]

From December 2013, Abdeslam was the manager of a bar named Les Béguines in Molenbeek, located west of Brussels, after his brother Brahim took over the license. Most of the bar's customers were of Maghrebian origin. The bar was closed when authorities discovered that hallucinogenic substances were being used there.[10] Abdeslam and his brother sold the bar about six weeks before the attacks.[13]

According to one source, Abdeslam was already known to police authorities as a person involved in petty crime.[14][15] Another states that both he and Abaaoud were imprisoned for armed robbery in 2010.[6] According to the lawyer representing Abaaoud, his client and Abdeslam were arrested in December 2010 for attempting to break into a parking garage.[16] In February 2011, Abdeslam was convicted for breaking and entering.[17] In February 2015, he was arrested by Dutch police and charged for possession of cannabis. He was subsequently fined €70.[18]

Preceding the attacks

A woman Abdeslam was engaged to at the time of the attacks stated that he became radicalized from the influence of Abaaoud, after Abaaoud had returned from a period of terrorist activity in Syria sometime in 2014.[8] Sometime before the attacks, Abdeslam purchased twelve remote detonators and a number of batteries from a fireworks shop outside of Paris, as well as 15 litres of peroxide.[19][20]

Within the nine months preceding the attacks, Abdeslam was said to have traveled to six countries,[21] including Germany and Austria, which he visited in October 2015, according to the German Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maizière.[22] After his arrest and subsequent questioning, the French public prosecutor stated that Abdeslam was traveling throughout the countries as an effort to transport individuals, who would later be involved in the attacks, into Europe.[23]

Ahmet Dahmani was with Abdeslam in August 2015, when the two travelled from Italy to Greece and back using a ferry service. Dahmani was arrested on 21 November in Antalya, Turkey, as a member of an ISIL-affiliated Belgian-French network.[24]

Abdeslam was named on a list of people suspected of involvement in terrorist activities, which was provided to the mayor of Molenbeek by the intelligence services of Belgium on 26 October.[25] The mayor later stated that she did not use the list to track down possible terrorists, adding that it was the responsibility of the federal police.[26]

Le Point reported that Abdeslam used the website booking.com to rent rooms 311 and 312 of the Apart'City hotel in Alfortville, two days prior to the attacks. Police found, among other things, syringes, pizza,[27] and chocolate cake[28] in the room. DNA traces indicated Abdeslam shared the room with others.[27] According to another source, the rooms were apparently booked from 11 November to 17 November.[29] A man named Mohamed Abrini was seen with Abdeslam on video footage recovered by police from 11 November. In the footage, the two had stopped a black Renault Clio at a petrol station.[30][31] Abrini drove Abdeslam to Paris on 11 November.[32]

Statements made to France 2 stated Salah Abdeslam and his brother Brahim were arguing on the night of 12 November.[33]

Involvement in Paris attacks

Main article: November 2015 Paris attacks

Abdeslam was found to have been involved in assisting the attackers by hiring cars, flats, and hotel rooms.[34][35] An unconfirmed source, said to be an associate of Abdeslam, testified that he heard Abdeslam claiming he had shot people in Paris, while he and Abdeslam were driving away from the city after the attacks.[36]

Abdeslam rented a black Volkswagen Polo, which he used to drive the Bataclan theatre attackers.[37] Both Salah and Brahim Abdeslam were traced to two vehicles, a SEAT and the Volkswagen rented by Salah.[38] Occupants of the car also shot individuals at the Casa Nostra pizza restaurant and the La Belle Équipe cafe. Two male passengers, one of whom being Brahim Abdeslam, also killed a number of people using machine guns while they were on terraces of bars in the 10th and 11th arrondissements of Paris. The SEAT León model car was later recovered,[14] and inside was found Kalashnikov automatic rifles and magazines.[39][40] Another report stated that five full and eleven empty magazines were found in the vehicle, along with fingerprint evidence.[39]

Later, forensic analysis of a discarded suicide belt found at rue Frederic Chopin in the Paris suburb of Montrouge found traces of sweat. The DNA on the sweat was matched to DNA samples held by police services for Abdeslam.[41] DNA reportedly found on the discarded belt was not matched to a sample of Abdeslam's DNA obtained by police.[42]

After his arrest, Abdeslam confessed that he was also planning on being one of the bombers at the Stade de France, but backed out at the last minute.[43]

Escape

Abdeslam bought a SIM card at the Place Albert Kahn in the 18th arrondissement at about 22:00 hours.[44][45] He phoned a detainee at Namur prison[46] named Abdheila Chouaa, who was closely acquainted with Mohamed Abrini.[32] Abdeslam then made a phone call to associates in Brussels, requesting they drive to him in order to help him escape. He was heard crying at the time of the call.[14][47][48] He wandered the streets for a period of approximately seven[14] to nine hours until was collected at approximately 07:00 hours.[44] A data trace of the aforementioned call shows Abdeslam was in Montrouge at the time,[33] and that the call was received by a cell site in Châtillon,[49] likely either Châtillon-la-Borde or Châtillon, Hauts-de-Seine.[50][51]

Salah phoned a person named Hamza Attou, begging for assistance.[52] He was subsequently collected while he was near the Boulevard Barbès in the 18th arrondissement of Paris;[50][51] Hamza Attou and Mohammed Amri were subsequently arrested because they drove Abdeslam after the shootings, and were charged with participating in a terrorist act by the Belgian authorities.[53] Attou later stated Abdeslam was crying at the time of the call.[52]

The vehicle carrying Abdeslam, Attou, and Amri[36] was stopped by officers at Cambrai en route to Belgium, but allowed to continue[38][54] because there was no evidence of Abdeslam's involvement in the attacks at the time.[55] According to Belgian Interior Minister Jan Jambon, a database at the police checkpoint began showing details on Abdeslam fifteen minutes after his departure from the checkpoint.[56] The officers at the checkpoint were also distracted by the smell of marijuana, which had earlier been smoked by Attou and Amri.[36]

Abdeslam was believed to have briefly stayed at the flat of Ayoub Bazarouj at some point after arriving in Belgium. Bazarouj was arrested on 16 November and his flat was searched; the search recovered ten mobile phones.[57]

Ali Oulkadi, who was detained by Brussels police, provided assistance to Abdeslam by driving him to another part of Brussels on 14 November. Oulkadi claimed he received a phone call from someone requesting him to drive someone to an unspecified location. He stated he was unaware at the time the person was Abdeslam. Oulkadi drove to Laeken, where he found Abdeslam and the caller. Oulkadi and Abdeslam went to a café where a brief verbal exchange ensued on the events of Paris. Afterwards, Abdeslam was given directions to Schaerbeek.[58]

Manhunt

French and Belgian authorities released Abdeslam's photo and name on 15 November 2015.[58] Abdeslam's brother Mohammed gave a televised message to his brother, urging him to turn himself in if he was involved in the attacks.[59]

On 9 or 10 December, police entered an apartment at 86 Rue Berge in the Schaerbeek district[60][61] of Brussels, which had been rented under a false name.[62] Police found, among other things, a fingerprint belonging to Abdeslam, traces of an explosive known as TATP, and three handmade belts.[61] Abdeslam journeyed to the Henri Bergé flat on 14 November, and later departed apparently after two searches were made by police within the area on 4 December.[63]

At 10:00 on 16 December, Belgian police entered a location where Abdeslam was believed to have been hiding. It was reported that the authorities were unable to enter the location during the previous day because of a Belgian law that prohibited officers from forcibly entering a home between the hours of 21:00 and 05:00, except for situations where services were acting to apprehend criminals suspected of specific crimes. In addition, the authorities had to wait in order to eliminate the risk towards children at a school and 200–300 worshipers at a mosque, both close to the location.[64]

New images of Abdeslam were released by the French media on 11 January 2016. The images were taken from a petrol station located at Trith-Saint-Léger and dated to the morning after the attacks.[65][66]

On 25 January 2016, it was reported that ISIL videos released to the public showed footage of nine persons involved in the attacks, all of whom are now deceased. No footage of Abdeslam was featured.[67]

A trace of DNA from Abdeslam was found in an apartment in Forest raided by Belgian police on 15 March 2016. Prosecutors confirmed the find to AFP after it was initially reported in Belgian media. RTBF stated that it was "more than likely" that Abdeslam was one of two suspects who fled the apartment after the raid.[68] In addition, police found an automatic rifle, eleven rifle magazines, and a book of Salafism.[69]

Capture

See also: 2016 Brussels police raids

On 18 March 2016, Abdeslam was arrested in an anti-terror police raid on a flat located at 79 Rue des Quatre Vents of Molenbeek in Brussels, close to the location of his childhood home.[44][70][71][72] The raid started at approximately 15:30 hours,[45] about an hour after Belgian prosecutors confirmed that they had found Abdeslam's fingerprint in an apartment in the Forest area of Brussels.[73] According to one source, he was captured at about 18:00 hours.[74] During the raid, Abdeslam was shot through the leg while attempting to flee from police.[74][75] He was subsequently taken to Saint Peters Hospital in Brussels for treatment.[76] After being moved to Brussels' police headquarters and charged,[77] he was transferred to maximum security imprisonment in a Bruge jail on the night of 19 March.[78] He had managed to evade capture for approximately 126 days.[76]

Suspicion was apparently aroused to the location after a person in the flat made an unusually large pizza order. When officers arrived at the scene, they found the woman who made the food order with two other adults, children, and Abdeslam.[79]

One other suspect was killed and another injured during the raid.[80] Several other people were arrested, including the injured suspect and three of Abdeslam's relatives who were believed to be sheltering him.[81]

Abdeslam is due to be extradited to France to be tried.[82] He will try to fight the extradition. A Belgian federal prosecutor charged Abdeslam with "participation in terrorist murder and participation in the activities of a terrorist organization".[83]

References

  1. ^ a b live Traque à Molenbeek French politician mentioned Abdeslam French-only nationality as an argument against reform over binationality
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  59. ^ Josh Feldman (17 November 2015). "Brother of Paris Terror Suspect Speaks Out on CNN: 'I Would Tell Him to Surrender'". Mediaite. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
  60. ^ "Salah Abdeslam nascosto 20 giorni in un appartamento: le foto del quartiere di Schaerbeek" [Salah Abdeslam hid 20 days in an apartment: the photos of the Schaerbeek district]. Rai Radiotelevisione Italiana Spa. 19 February 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
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  68. ^ "Suspect's DNA found in Belgian raid apartment". The Guardian. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  69. ^ Matthias Verbergt; Inti Landauro; Natalia Drozdiak (18 March 2016). "Abdeslam, Paris Attacks Suspect, Captured in Belgian Raid". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
  70. ^ "Salah Abdeslam et Monir Ahmed Alaaj arrêtés". Paris Match. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  71. ^ "Brussels raids: Paris attack suspect Abdeslam 'arrested'". BBC World Service. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  72. ^ Julia Jacobo; Rym Momtaz (18 March 2016). "Paris Terror Attacks Suspect Salah Abdeslam Discharged From Hospital, Following Capture in Brussels". ABC News. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
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  74. ^ a b Angelique Chrisafis (18 March 2016). "Salah Abdeslam to be questioned after police capture him". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
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  76. ^ a b "Cavale, extradition, procès... Les questions après l'arrestation de Salah Abdeslam" [Run, extradition, trial ... The questions after the arrest of Salah Abdeslam]. Le Figaro. 19 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
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  78. ^ "Prison de Bruges, nouveau toit de Salah Abdeslam" [Bruges prison, new roof Salah Abdeslam]. Huffington Post France. 19 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
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  80. ^ "Gunshots and smoke reported amid Brussels raid, 1 fatality feared". Russia Today. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  81. ^ James McAuley; Griff Witte; Michael Birnbaum (18 March 2016). "Key suspect in Paris attacks captured in Brussels raid; four others arrested". The Washington Post. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  82. ^ James Rothwell (18 March 2016). "Five arrested as Salah Abdeslam is wounded and captured alive in police shootout - live". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  83. ^ Emily Shapiro (19 March 2016). "Paris Attack Suspect Salah Abdeslam Backed Out of Suicide Bombing, Prosecutor Says". ABC News. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
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