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| minorplanet = yes
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 2227 Otto Struve
| name = 2227 Otto Struve
| background = #FFFFC0
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image =
| caption =
| caption =
| discovery_ref =  <ref name="jpldata" />
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| discovered = 13 September 1955
| discovered = 13 September 1955
| discoverer = [[Indiana University (Bloomington)|Indiana University]]<br />{{nowrap|{{small|([[Indiana Asteroid Program]])}}}}
| discoverer = [[Indiana University (Bloomington)|Indiana University]]<br />{{nowrap|{{small|([[Indiana Asteroid Program]])}}}}
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| alt_names = 1955 RX{{·}}1935 UP<br />{{mp|1955 SA|2}}{{·}}{{mp|1962 WL|2}}<br />1965 SV{{·}}{{mp|1970 ET|2}}
| alt_names = 1955 RX{{·}}1935 UP<br />{{mp|1955 SA|2}}{{·}}{{mp|1962 WL|2}}<br />1965 SV{{·}}{{mp|1970 ET|2}}
| named_after = [[Otto Struve]]<br />{{small|(astronomer)}}<ref name="springer" />
| named_after = [[Otto Struve]]<br />{{small|(astronomer)}}<ref name="springer" />
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|inner]])}}
| orbit_ref =  <ref name="jpldata" />
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 13 January 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457400.5)
| epoch = 16 February 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457800.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 80.31 yr (29334 days)
| observation_arc = 81.06 yr (29,606 days)
| aphelion = {{Convert|2.6251|AU|Gm|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| aphelion = 2.6256 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = {{Convert|1.8470|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| perihelion = 1.8473 AU
| semimajor = {{Convert|2.2361|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| semimajor = 2.2365 AU
| eccentricity = 0.17399
| eccentricity = 0.1740
| period = 3.34 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1221.3 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]])
| period = 3.34 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,222 days)
| mean_anomaly = 324.11[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_anomaly = 81.924[[Degree (angle)|°]]
⚫
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2947|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 4.9500°
| inclination = 4.9500°
| asc_node = 178.90°
| asc_node = 178.90°
| arg_peri = 253.93°
| arg_peri = 254.02°
⚫
| moid = 0.8694 AU
| dimensions = {{val|9|4}} {{small|(generic)}}<ref name="h" />
| dimensions = {{val|4.668|0.071}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|9|4}} {{small|(generic)}}<ref name="h" />
| rotation =
| rotation =
| albedo =
| albedo = {{val|0.388|0.112}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" />
| spectral_type =
| spectral_type =
| abs_magnitude = 13.4<ref name="jpldata" />
| abs_magnitude = 13.4<ref name="jpldata" />
⚫
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.29476|sup=ms}} / day
⚫
| moid = {{Convert|0.868081|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| jupiter_moid = {{Convert|2.66248|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| tisserand = 3.613
}}
}}


'''2227 Otto Struve''', provisional designation 1955 RX, is an [[asteroid]] from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], roughly 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 September 1955, by the [[Indiana Asteroid Program]] at [[Goethe Link Observatory]] near Brooklyn, Indiana, United States.<ref name="MPC-Otto Struve" />
'''2227 Otto Struve''', provisional designation {{mpf|1955 RX}}, is an [[asteroid]] from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 4.7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 September 1955, by the [[Indiana Asteroid Program]] at [[Goethe Link Observatory]] near Brooklyn, Indiana, United States.<ref name="MPC-Otto Struve" />


The asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.8–2.6&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 4 months (1,221 days). Its orbit is [[orbital inclination|tilted]] by 5 degrees to the plane of the [[ecliptic]] and shows an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.17. Little is known about the asteroids exact size, composition, albedo and rotation period, despite having a well-observed orbit with the lowest possible uncertainty – a [[Uncertainty parameter|condition code]] of 0 – and an [[observation arc]] that spans over a period of more than 80 years. Based on its absolute [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] of 13.4, its diameter could be anywhere between 5 and 13 kilometers, assuming an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] in the range of 0.05 to 0.25.<ref name="h" /> Since most asteroids in the outer main-belt are of a [[C-type asteroid|carbonaceous]] rather than of a [[S-type asteroids|silicaceous]] composition, with low albedos, typically around 0.05, the asteroid's diameter might be on the upper end of NASA's published conversion table, as the lower the reflectivity (albedo), the larger the body's diameter for a given intrinsic brightness (absolute magnitude).<ref name="h" />
The asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.8–2.6&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 4 months (1,222 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.17 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 5[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]]. IT was first identified as {{mpf|1935 UP}} at the [[Johannesburg Observatory]] in 1935, extending the body's [[observation arc]] by 20 years prior to its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-Otto Struve" />

As of 2016, the asteroid's composition, [[rotation period]] and shape remain unknown. According to the surveys carried out by NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] with its subsequent [[NEOWISE]] mission, the asteroid measures 4.7 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.388.<ref name="Masiero-2014" /> Based on its absolute [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] of 13.4, its diameter could be anywhere between 5 and 13 kilometers, assuming an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] in the range of 0.05 to 0.25.<ref name="h" /> Since most asteroids in the inner main-belt are of a [[S-type asteroids|silicaceous]] rather than of a [[C-type asteroid|carbonaceous]] composition, with higheralbedos, typically around 0.20, the asteroid's diameter might be on the lower end of NASA's published conversion table, as the higher the reflectivity (albedo), the smaller the body's diameter at a constant intrinsic brightness (absolute magnitude).<ref name="h" />


The minor planet is named in memory of astronomer [[Otto Struve]] (1897–1963), discoverer of the two asteroids [[991 McDonalda]] and [[992 Swasey]], and last of a remarkable dynasty of astronomers: the [[Struve family]]. His greatgrandfather, Wilhelm Struve ''(also see [[768 Struveana]])'', founded the [[Pulkovo Observatory]] near St. Petersburg in 1839; his grandfather (Otto), uncle (Hermann) and father (Ludwig) were also distinguished astronomers. Following a period of great privation and misery after World War I, he was invited by Edwin B. Frost ''(also see [[854 Frostia]])'' to come to the U.S. [[Yerkes Observatory]] in 1921. He started working in spectroscopy and remained a spectroscopist to the end of his days. He succeeded Frost as Yerkes director in 1932 and was the major force responsible for the establishment of the Texan [[McDonald Observatory]] in 1933. Managing editor of the Astrophysical Journal from 1932 to 1947 and became head of the astronomy department of the University of California in Berkeley in 1950. He received the [[Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]] in 1944, and the [[Bruce Medal]] in 1948. The lunar crater ''[[Struve (crater)|Struve]]'' was also named in his honor.<ref name="springer" /> Naming citation was published on 13 July 1984 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 8911/8912}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
The minor planet is named in memory of astronomer [[Otto Struve]] (1897–1963), discoverer of the two asteroids [[991 McDonalda]] and [[992 Swasey]], and last of a remarkable dynasty of astronomers: the [[Struve family]]. His greatgrandfather, Wilhelm Struve ''(also see [[768 Struveana]])'', founded the [[Pulkovo Observatory]] near St. Petersburg in 1839; his grandfather (Otto), uncle (Hermann) and father (Ludwig) were also distinguished astronomers. Following a period of great privation and misery after World War I, he was invited by Edwin B. Frost ''(also see [[854 Frostia]])'' to come to the U.S. [[Yerkes Observatory]] in 1921. He started working in spectroscopy and remained a spectroscopist to the end of his days. He succeeded Frost as Yerkes director in 1932 and was the major force responsible for the establishment of the Texan [[McDonald Observatory]] in 1933. Managing editor of the Astrophysical Journal from 1932 to 1947 and became head of the astronomy department of the University of California in Berkeley in 1950. He received the [[Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]] in 1944, and the [[Bruce Medal]] in 1948. The lunar crater ''[[Struve (crater)|Struve]]'' was also named in his honor.<ref name="springer" /> Naming citation was published on 13 July 1984 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 8911/8912}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
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|url = http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/h.html
|url = http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/h.html
|accessdate = 7 December 2016}}</ref>
|accessdate = 7 December 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
|first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent
|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson
|first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett
|date = August 2014
|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 791
|issue = 2
|page = 11
|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121
|arxiv = 1406.6645
|access-date= 7 December 2016}}</ref>


}} <!-- end of reflist -->
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
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== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info])
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info])
* [https://books.google.se/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
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[[Category:Struve family|002227]]
[[Category:Struve family|002227]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1955|19550913]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1955|19550913]]


{{Beltasteroid-stub}}

Revision as of 02:06, 7 December 2016

2227 Otto Struve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byIndiana University
(Indiana Asteroid Program)
Discovery siteGoethe Link Obs.
Discovery date13 September 1955
Designations
2227 Otto Struve
Named after
Otto Struve
(astronomer)[2]
1955 RX · 1935 UP
1955 SA2 · 1962 WL2
1965 SV · 1970 ET2
main-belt · (inner)
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 16 February 2017 (JD 2457800.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc81.06 yr (29,606 days)
Aphelion2.6256 AU
Perihelion1.8473 AU
2.2365 AU
Eccentricity0.1740
3.34 yr (1,222 days)
81.924°
0° 17m 40.92s / day
Inclination4.9500°
178.90°
254.02°
Earth MOID0.8694 AU
Physical characteristics
Dimensions4.668±0.071[3]
9±4 (generic)[4]
0.388±0.112[3]
13.4[1]

2227 Otto Struve, provisional designation 1955 RX, is an asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 September 1955, by the Indiana Asteroid Program at Goethe Link Observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana, United States.[5]

The asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.8–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,222 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. IT was first identified as 1935 UP at the Johannesburg Observatory in 1935, extending the body's observation arc by 20 years prior to its official discovery observation.[5]

As of 2016, the asteroid's composition, rotation period and shape remain unknown. According to the surveys carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, the asteroid measures 4.7 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.388.[3] Based on its absolute magnitude of 13.4, its diameter could be anywhere between 5 and 13 kilometers, assuming an albedo in the range of 0.05 to 0.25.[4] Since most asteroids in the inner main-belt are of a silicaceous rather than of a carbonaceous composition, with higheralbedos, typically around 0.20, the asteroid's diameter might be on the lower end of NASA's published conversion table, as the higher the reflectivity (albedo), the smaller the body's diameter at a constant intrinsic brightness (absolute magnitude).[4]

The minor planet is named in memory of astronomer Otto Struve (1897–1963), discoverer of the two asteroids 991 McDonalda and 992 Swasey, and last of a remarkable dynasty of astronomers: the Struve family. His greatgrandfather, Wilhelm Struve (also see 768 Struveana), founded the Pulkovo Observatory near St. Petersburg in 1839; his grandfather (Otto), uncle (Hermann) and father (Ludwig) were also distinguished astronomers. Following a period of great privation and misery after World War I, he was invited by Edwin B. Frost (also see 854 Frostia) to come to the U.S. Yerkes Observatory in 1921. He started working in spectroscopy and remained a spectroscopist to the end of his days. He succeeded Frost as Yerkes director in 1932 and was the major force responsible for the establishment of the Texan McDonald Observatory in 1933. Managing editor of the Astrophysical Journal from 1932 to 1947 and became head of the astronomy department of the University of California in Berkeley in 1950. He received the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1944, and the Bruce Medal in 1948. The lunar crater Struve was also named in his honor.[2] Naming citation was published on 13 July 1984 (M.P.C. 8911/8912).[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2227 Otto Struve (1955 RX)" (2016-11-07 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  2. ^ a b Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (2227) Otto Struve. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 181. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  3. ^ a b c Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  4. ^ a b c "Absolute Magnitude (H)". NASA/JPL. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  5. ^ a b "2227 Otto Struve (1955 RX)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  6. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
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