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==References==
==References==
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Revision as of 05:54, 25 April 2017

Earth stations in Australia or Ground stations in Australia are a number of historic and current earth (or ground) stations in Australia used to communicate and track human-made satellites. Many of the sites are associated with overseas government partnerships established generally with the United States, European Union, and Japan. They are generally run by various Australian Government agencies along with NASA, European Space Agency or the US Military.

List of sites

No. Station Complex Standort Overseas countries involved Purpose Active
1 Island Lagoon Tracking Station Island Lagoon Tracking Station Woomera, SA  Vereinigte Staaten Minitrack Radio Tracking Station
Baker-Nunn Camera Optical Tracking Station.
Project Mercury Radio Tracking Stations
Deep Space Probe Radio Tracking Station (85 foot diameter antenna)		 Yes
2 Joint Defense Facility Nurrungar Island Lagoon Tracking Station Woomera, SA  Vereinigte Staaten Space based surveillance. Moved to Pine Gap No
3 Muchea Tracking Station Muchea Tracking Station Woomera, SA  Vereinigte Staaten Project Mercury (replaced by Carnarvon) No
4 Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex Tidbinbilla, ACT  Vereinigte Staaten NASA Deep Space Network Yes
5 Carnarvon Tracking Station Carnarvon Earth Stations Carnarvon, WA  Vereinigte Staaten Tracking and Data Acquisition Station for unmanned scientific and manned satellites Yes
6 OTC Satellite Earth Station Carnarvon Carnarvon Earth Stations Carnarvon, WA  Europa European Space Agency - Space vehicle tracking Yes
7 Darwin Earth station Darwin Earth station Darwin, NT  Vereinigte Staaten Mobile Data Acquisition Station for unmanned scientific satellites and space vehicles No
8 Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station Honeysuckle Creek, ACT  Vereinigte Staaten Tracking and Data Acquisition Station, primarily for support of manned flight No
9 Cooby Creek Tracking Station Cooby Creek Tracking Station South of Toowoomba, QLD  Vereinigte Staaten Applications Technology Satellite (ATS) facility No
10 Orroral Valley Tracking Station Orroral Valley Tracking Station Near Canberra, ACT  Vereinigte Staaten NASA Deep Space Network No
11 Yatharagga Yatharagga Near Yarragadee, WA  Vereinigte Staaten NASA Mobile Laser Ranging Facility - now operated by the Swedish Space Corporation Yes
12 Pine Gap Pine Gap Near Alice Springs, NT  Vereinigte Staaten Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System, ECHELON Yes
13 Crib Point Satellite Earth Station at HMAS Cerberus Naval Base Crib Point Satellite Earth Station at HMAS Cerberus Naval Base Near Crib Point, VIC  Japan Meteorlogical Satellite Earth Station for Japanese and Chinese weather satellites e.g. Himawari Geostationary Meteorological Satellites. Yes
14 New Norcia Station New Norcia Station New Norcia, WA  Europa ESTRACK for the European Space Agency Yes
15 Australian Defence Satellite Communications Station Australian Defence Satellite Communications Station Geraldton, WA  Vereinigte Staaten ECHELON Yes
16 Dongara Satellite Station Yatharagga Near Yarragadee, WA  Vereinigte Staaten Earth station Tracking and Data Relay Satellite Facility - now operated by the Swedish Space Corporation Yes
17 Perth Station Perth International Telecommunications Centre Gnangara (Perth), WA  Europa ESTRACK for the European Space Agency operated by the Overseas Telecommunications Commission (Australia) and Parkes Radiotelescope of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Yes

Treaties

A number of treaties and other instruments associated with the stations:

Date Land Details Station
7 June 1957  Vereinigte Staaten United States Naval Research Laboratory and the Department of Supply of the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia to establish the Minitrack Radio Tracking Station at Woomera.[1] Island Lagoon Tracking Station
12 September 1957  Vereinigte Staaten Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution and the Department of Supply of the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia to establish Baker-Nunn Camera Optical Tracking Station at Woomera.[1] Island Lagoon Tracking Station
26 February 1960  Vereinigte Staaten The first formalised agreement between the US and Australia on Space Vehicle and Communication establishing the early tracking stations of 1957 as well as new stations at Woomera and Perth for Project Mercury, as well as a Deep Space Probe Radio Tracking Station (85 foot diameter antenna) at Woomera. [1] Island Lagoon Tracking Station, Muchea Tracking Station
5 June 1961  Vereinigte Staaten Transit Navigational Satellite Program for weather facilities - required a Earth station near Adelaide.[2] Unknown
11 February 1963  Vereinigte Staaten Extending the 1960 agreement to cover Carnarvon, Darwin and what would become Tidbinbilla/Orroral Valley Tracking Station for NASA Deep Space Radio Tracking. [3] Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex, Carnarvon Tracking Station, Darwin Earth Station
22 October 1963  Vereinigte Staaten Further formalisation of Tibinbilla and Orroral Valley Tracking Station for a Deep Space Radio Tracking Facility and a Wide Band Command and Data Acquisition Facility.[4] Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex, Carnarvon Tracking Station
10 February 1965  Vereinigte Staaten Addition of a "Tracking and Data Acquisition Station, primarily for support of manned flight, to be located near Canberra" (Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station).[5] Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station
7 December 1965  Vereinigte Staaten Addition of a "Applications Technology Satellite (ATS) facility at Cooby Creek, Darling Downs near Toowoomba." (Cooby Creek Tracking Station)[6] Cooby Creek Tracking Station
26 February 1970  Vereinigte Staaten Confirming the present sites, and adding that a 210-foot-diameter antenna shall be established at the Tidbinbilla Deep Space Station[7] Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex
7 July 1977  Japan Turn Around Ranging Station (unspecified) supporting the first Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS or Himarwari 1)[8] Unspecified
27 June 1978  Vereinigte Staaten Addding Yatharagga to US agreement. [9] Yatharagga
15 June 1979  Europa Agreement between the Government of Australia and the European Space Agency for a Co-operative Space Vehicle Tracking Program[10] OTC Satellite Earth Station Carnarvon, Perth International Telecommunications Centre
26 May 1980  Vereinigte Staaten Confirming the list of active sites.[11] no new sites
22 September 1981  Japan Turn Around Ranging Station (unspecified) supporting Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-2 (GMS or Himarwari 2)[13] Unspecified - possibly Crib Point Satellite Earth Station
1 May 1985  Japan Turn Around Ranging Station (unspecified) supporting Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-3 (GMS or Himarwari 3)[14] Unspecified - possibly Crib Point Satellite Earth Station
21 January 1987  Europa Further to the agreement, identification of sites as Carnarvon (OTC Satellite Earth Station Carnarvon) and Gnangara (Perth) (Perth International Telecommunications Centre) operated by the Overseas Telecommunications Commission (Australia) and Parkes Radiotelescope of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation.[15] OTC Satellite Earth Station Carnarvon, Perth International Telecommunications Centre
2 May 1990  Vereinigte Staaten Update of active stations to: Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex, Yarragadee, and Alice Springs (Pine Gap)[16] Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex, Yarragadee, Pine Gap
8 August 1990  Japan Agreement to support the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-4 (GMS or Himarwari 4) through a Turn Around Ranging Station (at Crib Point Satellite Earth Station)[17][18] Crib Point Satellite Earth Station
20 October 1997  Japan Agreement to support the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-5 (GMS or Himarwari 5) through a Turn Around Ranging Station (at Crib Point Satellite Earth Station)[19][18] Crib Point Satellite Earth Station
4 August 2000  Vereinigte Staaten Removal of Yarragadee from the agreement.[20] Yatharagga
16 February 2007  Vereinigte Staaten Agreement with the US on what would become project ECHELON at the Australian Defence Satellite Communications Station
  • 2007 - Agreement Between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America on Cooperation in Science and Technology for Homeland/Domestic Security Matters (Washington, 21 December 2005)[21]

[22][23][24] || Australian Defence Satellite Communications Station

23 August 2007  Europa General agreement[25] Unspecified
25 February 2010  Vereinigte Staaten Addition of a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite Facility at Dongara.[26] Dongara
11 January 2012  Vereinigte Staaten Extension of 2010 agreement to 2014.[27] K.A.
27 March 2014  Vereinigte Staaten Extension of 2012 agreement to 2018.[28] K.A.

References

  1. ^ a b c “Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America relating to Space Vehicle Tracking and Communications. ATS 2 of 1960”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  2. ^ “Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America for Cooperation in a Transit Navigational Satellite Program ATS 10 of 1961 ". Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  3. ^ “Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America amending the Agreement relating to Space Vehicle Tracking and Communications of 26 February 1960. ATS 6 of 1963”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  4. ^ "Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America to further amend the Agreement relating to Space Vehicle Tracking and Communications of 26 February 1960 ATS 24 of 1963 ". Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  5. ^ "Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia and the Government of the United States of America to further amend the Agreement relating to Space Vehicle Tracking and Communications of 26 February 1960. ATS 2 of 1965”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  6. ^ "Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia and the Government of the United States of America to further amend the Agreement relating to Space Vehicle Tracking and Communications of 26 February 1960 ATS 21 of 1965 ". Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  7. ^ “Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America concerning Space Vehicle Tracking and Communications Facilities. ATS 4 of 1970”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  8. ^ "Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of Japan concerning Co-operation on the Project for the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite System ATS 17 of 1977 ". Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  9. ^ "Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement amending the Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America concerning Space Vehicle Tracking and Communication Facilities of 25 March 1970 ATS 12 of 1978 ". Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  10. ^ “Agreement between the Government of Australia and the European Space Agency for a Co-operative Space Vehicle Tracking Program. ATS 9 of 1979”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  11. ^ "Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America concerning Space Vehicle Tracking and Communication Facilities ATS 15 of 1980 ". Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  12. ^ "Exchange of Notes between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America constituting an Agreement to amend the Agreement concerning Space Vehicle Tracking and Communication Facilities of 29 May 1980 ATS 17 of 1981 ". Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  13. ^ [http://www3.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1981/19.html "Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of Japan concerning Co-operation on the Project for the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-2 System ATS 19 of 1981 ". Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  14. ^ "Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of Japan concerning Co-operation on the Project for the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-3 System ATS 14 of 1985". Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  15. ^ "Exchange of Letters constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the European Space Agency to amend the Agreement for a Co-operative Space Vehicle Tracking Program of 15 June 1979 ATS 29 of 1987”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  16. ^ "Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America to amend and extend the Agreement concerning Space Vehicle Tracking and Communication Facilities of 29 May 1980 ATS 15 of 1990”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  17. ^ "Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of Japan concerning Cooperation on the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-4 System ATS 28 of 1985". Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  18. ^ a b "Crib Point Satellite Earth Station: celebrating 20 years of service - Social Media Blog - Bureau of Meteorology". media.bom.gov.au. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  19. ^ "Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of Japan concerning Cooperation on the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-5 System ATS 32 of 1997". Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  20. ^ "Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America to further amend and extend the Agreement concerning Space Vehicle Tracking and Communication Facilities of 29 May 1980, as amended (Canberra, 4 August 2000). ATS 32 of 2000”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
  21. ^ "Agreement Between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America on Cooperation in Science and Technology for Homeland/Domestic Security Matters (Washington, 21 December 2005) ATS 15 of 2007“. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 18 April 2017.
  22. ^ "Australia-US Joint Communications Facility To Be Hosted At Geraldton" (Press release). Brendan Nelson, Minister for Defence. 15 February 2007. Archived from the original on 23 May 2007. Retrieved 2011-08-11. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ "MOU Signed For Australia-US Joint Military Communications Ground Station" (Press release). Department of Defence. 2007-11-08. Archived from the original on 2012-11-27. Retrieved 2011-08-11. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ "Australian and United States Defence Satellite Cooperation at Geraldton" (Press release). Department of Defence. 2008-07-21. Archived from the original on 2012-11-29. Retrieved 2011-08-11. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ "Agreement between the Government of Australia and the European Space Agency for a Co-operative Space Vehicle Tracking Program (Capetown, 5 October 2011) - ATS 29 of 2012”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 18 April 2017.
  26. ^ "Amendment and Extension of the Agreement Between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America concerning Space Vehicle Tracking and Communications Facilities Effected by Exchange of Notes at Canberra May 29, 1980, as amended (Canberra, 25 February 2010) - ATS 9 of 2010”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 18 April 2017.
  27. ^ "Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement to amend the Agreement between the (Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and theGovernment of Australia concerning Space Vehicle Tracking and Communication Facilities (Canberra, 11 January 2012) - ATS 4 of 2012”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 18 April 2017.
  28. ^ "Exchange of Notes, done at Canberra on 21 November 2013, constituting an Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Australia to amend the Agreement concerning Space Vehicle Tracking and Communication Facilities of 29 May 1980, as amended (Canberra, 21 November 2013) - ATS 8 of 2014”. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 18 April 2017.
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