Phosphodiester bond: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:Phosphodiester Bond Diagram.svg|thumb|200px|Diagram of phosph An enzyme that plays

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-[[Image:Phosphodiester Bond Diagram.svg|thumb|200px|Diagram of phosphodiester bonds (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>) between three nucleotides.]]
+[[Image:Phosphodiester Bond Diagram.svg|thumb|200px|Diagram of phosph
+An enzyme that plays
-A '''phosphodiester bond''' occurs when exactly two of the [[hydroxyl groups]] in [[phosphoric acid]] react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two [[ester]] bonds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Phosphodiester_bond|title=Phosphodiester bond|website=School of BioMedical Sciences Wiki}}</ref>
-Phosphodiester bonds are central to all life on [[Earth]],{{refn|group=fn|Even [[Prion|prions]], the only reproducers without [[nucleic acid]] and generally considered beyond the [[Life#Biology|boundary of life]], require RNA-containing life to reproduce themselves.}} as they make up the backbone of the strands of [[nucleic acid]].  In [[DNA]] and [[RNA]], the phosphodiester bond is the linkage between the [[Directionality (molecular biology)|3' carbon atom]] of one sugar molecule and the [[Directionality (molecular biology)|5' carbon atom]] of another, [[deoxyribose]] in DNA and [[ribose]] in RNA.  Strong [[covalent bond]]s form between the [[phosphate group]] and two 5-carbon ring carbohydrates (pentoses) over two [[ester]] bonds.
-Hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds can be catalyzed by the action of [[phosphodiesterase]]s which play an important role in repairing DNA sequences.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}
-The phosphodiester linkage between two [[ribonucleotide]]s can be broken by [[alkaline hydrolysis]], whereas the linkage between two [[deoxyribonucleotide]]s is more stable under these conditions. The relative ease of [[RNA hydrolysis]] is an effect of the presence of the 2' [[hydroxyl|hydroxyl group]].
-== Enzyme activity ==
-A phosphodiesterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds, for instance a bond in a molecule of [[cyclic AMP]] or [[cyclic GMP]].
-An enzyme that plays an important role in the repair of oxidative DNA damage is the 3'-phosphodiesterase.
-During the replication of DNA, there is a hole between the phosphates in the backbone left by [[DNA polymerase I]]. [[DNA ligase]] is able to form a phosphodiester bond between the nucleotides.
-== See also ==
 *[[Phosphodiesterase]]
 *[[Phosphodiesterase inhibitor]]