Jump to content

Joseph J. Kinyoun: Difference between revisions

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
MOS
FrescoBot (talk | contribs)
Bots
1,135,457 edits
m Bot: removing misplaced invisible LTR marks and minor changes
Line 43: Line 43:


===Early life===
===Early life===
Joseph James "Joe" Kinyoun was born November 25, 1860 in [[East Bend, North Carolina]], the oldest of five children born to Elizabeth Ann Conrad and John Hendricks Kinyoun. His family settled in [[Post Oak, Missouri]] in 1866 after his house burned down during the Civil War. At the age of 16, he studied medicine with his father, John Hendricks Kinyoun, who was a general practitioner.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kinyoun, John H. (1825-1903), Account Books, 1859-1898 (C3863) |url=http://shs.umsystem.edu/manuscripts/invent/3863.pdf |publisher=The State Historical Society of Missouri }}</ref>
Joseph James "Joe" Kinyoun was born November 25, 1860 in [[East Bend, North Carolina]], the oldest of five children born to Elizabeth Ann Conrad and John Hendricks Kinyoun. His family settled in [[Post Oak, Missouri]] in 1866 after his house burned down during the Civil War. At the age of 16, he studied medicine with his father, John Hendricks Kinyoun, who was a general practitioner.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kinyoun, John H. (1825-1903), Account Books, 1859-1898 (C3863) |url=http://shs.umsystem.edu/manuscripts/invent/3863.pdf |publisher=The State Historical Society of Missouri }}</ref>


Kinyoun was educated at [[Washington University School of Medicine|St. Louis Medical College]] and graduated from [[New York University School of Medicine|Bellevue Medical College]] in 1882 with a M.D. degree. He did postdoctoral studies in pathology and bacteriology at the Carnegie Laboratory<ref name="rjbing">{{cite news |first=Richard J. |last=Bing |title=The National Institutes of Health and Joseph J. Kinyoun |url=http://www.southalabama.edu/ishr/hn&v/vol17no3web.pdf |work=Heart News and Views |volume=17 |issue=3 |year=2010 |page=7 |publisher=International Society for Heart Research }}</ref> where he became the first bacteriology student and studied [[cholera]]. Then he was a visiting scientist in Europe under [[Robert Koch]]. He was awarded a Ph.D. from [[Georgetown University]] in 1896.
Kinyoun was educated at [[Washington University School of Medicine|St. Louis Medical College]] and graduated from [[New York University School of Medicine|Bellevue Medical College]] in 1882 with a M.D. degree. He did postdoctoral studies in pathology and bacteriology at the Carnegie Laboratory<ref name="rjbing">{{cite news |first=Richard J. |last=Bing |title=The National Institutes of Health and Joseph J. Kinyoun |url=http://www.southalabama.edu/ishr/hn&v/vol17no3web.pdf |work=Heart News and Views |volume=17 |issue=3 |year=2010 |page=7 |publisher=International Society for Heart Research }}</ref> where he became the first bacteriology student and studied [[cholera]]. Then he was a visiting scientist in Europe under [[Robert Koch]]. He was awarded a Ph.D. from [[Georgetown University]] in 1896.


===Career===
===Career===
Line 52: Line 52:
Kinyoun's later career was spent in private companies and as a professor of bacteriology and pathology at [[George Washington University]]<ref name="rjbing" /> before becoming a bacteriologist for the District of Columbia Health Department, a position he held until his death. In 1909, Dr. Kinyoun served as president of the [[American Society for Microbiology]]. He is perhaps best known now for the dissemination of the [[Kinyoun stain|Kinyoun]] modification of the [[Ziehl-Neelsen stain]] for [[Acid-fast]] bacteria.<ref>Kinyoun JJ. 1915. A note on Uhlenhuths method for sputum examination, for tubercle bacilli. Am. J. Public Health 5:867–870.</ref>[[File:Kinyoun Microscope (6916074241).jpg|thumb|Kinyoun's microscope]]'''Hygienic Laboratory (1887-1896)'''
Kinyoun's later career was spent in private companies and as a professor of bacteriology and pathology at [[George Washington University]]<ref name="rjbing" /> before becoming a bacteriologist for the District of Columbia Health Department, a position he held until his death. In 1909, Dr. Kinyoun served as president of the [[American Society for Microbiology]]. He is perhaps best known now for the dissemination of the [[Kinyoun stain|Kinyoun]] modification of the [[Ziehl-Neelsen stain]] for [[Acid-fast]] bacteria.<ref>Kinyoun JJ. 1915. A note on Uhlenhuths method for sputum examination, for tubercle bacilli. Am. J. Public Health 5:867–870.</ref>[[File:Kinyoun Microscope (6916074241).jpg|thumb|Kinyoun's microscope]]'''Hygienic Laboratory (1887-1896)'''


As the director of the Hygienic Laboratory, he researched on a plethora of different infectious diseases and their respective etiology and vaccine treatment while urging necessary hospital protocols and regulations for isolation of infected patients.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Morens|first=David M.|last2=Fauci|first2=Anthony S.|date=2012-08-31|title=The Forgotten Forefather: Joseph James Kinyoun and the Founding of the National Institutes of Health|url=http://mbio.asm.org/content/3/4/e00139-12|journal=mBio|language=en|volume=3|issue=4|pages=e00139–12|doi=10.1128/mBio.00139-12|issn=2150-7511|pmid=22736540}}</ref> Cholera, yellow fever, smallpox, and plague were the four main epidemic diseases that the laboratory investigated.
As the director of the Hygienic Laboratory, he researched on a plethora of different infectious diseases and their respective etiology and vaccine treatment while urging necessary hospital protocols and regulations for isolation of infected patients.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Morens|first=David M.|last2=Fauci|first2=Anthony S.|date=2012-08-31|title=The Forgotten Forefather: Joseph James Kinyoun and the Founding of the National Institutes of Health|url=http://mbio.asm.org/content/3/4/e00139-12|journal=mBio|language=en|volume=3|issue=4|pages=e00139–12|doi=10.1128/mBio.00139-12|issn=2150-7511|pmid=22736540}}</ref> Cholera, yellow fever, smallpox, and plague were the four main epidemic diseases that the laboratory investigated.


'''San Francisco Quarantine Station'''
'''San Francisco Quarantine Station'''


In 1899, [[Walter Wyman]] transferred Kinyoun to the San Francisco Quarantine station where he became head of the Marine Hospital Service in San Francisco. In March 1900 he was central to the discovery of the [[San Francisco plague of 1900–1904]]. He resigned his position in 1901 after allegations that his conclusive [[bubonic plague]] diagnoses were scaremongering. He was proven correct by independent testing and the appearance of further cases.
In 1899, [[Walter Wyman]] transferred Kinyoun to the San Francisco Quarantine station where he became head of the Marine Hospital Service in San Francisco. In March 1900 he was central to the discovery of the [[San Francisco plague of 1900–1904]]. He resigned his position in 1901 after allegations that his conclusive [[bubonic plague]] diagnoses were scaremongering. He was proven correct by independent testing and the appearance of further cases.


===Marriage and children ===
=== Marriage and children ===
James and Susan Elizabeth "Lizzie" Perry married in 1883. The couple had at least five children: Bettie Kinyoun; Joseph Perry Kinyoun; Alice Kinyoun Houts; Conrad Kinyoun; and John Nathan Kinyoun. After his first child, Bettie, passed away at the age of 3 from contracting [[diphtheria]], he poured himself into his work and even set up a public diphtheria laboratory at Georgetown Medical School.
James and Susan Elizabeth "Lizzie" Perry married in 1883. The couple had at least five children: Bettie Kinyoun; Joseph Perry Kinyoun; Alice Kinyoun Houts; Conrad Kinyoun; and John Nathan Kinyoun. After his first child, Bettie, passed away at the age of 3 from contracting [[diphtheria]], he poured himself into his work and even set up a public diphtheria laboratory at Georgetown Medical School.


Line 96: Line 96:
[[Category:American bacteriologists]]
[[Category:American bacteriologists]]
[[Category:New York University School of Medicine alumni]]
[[Category:New York University School of Medicine alumni]]
[[Category:American public health doctors‎]]
[[Category:American public health doctors]]

Revision as of 00:23, 31 October 2017

Joseph J. Kinyoun
Joseph J. Kinyoun
Born(1860-11-25)November 25, 1860
East Bend, North Carolina
DiedFebruary 14, 1919(1919-02-14) (aged 58)
Washington, D.C.
Resting placeCenterview Cemetery
38°45′01.8″N 93°50′38.7″W / 38.750500°N 93.844083°W / 38.750500; -93.844083 (Joseph J. Kinyoun burial site)
Alma materBellevue Medical College
Known for
  • Discovered a bacterium strain of Vibrio cholerae which causes cholera
  • Founder and first director of the U.S. Laboratory of Hygiene
Scientific career
FieldsBacteriology, Public health
InstitutionsMarine Hospital Service
George Washington University

Joseph James Kinyoun MD (November 25, 1860 – February 14, 1919) was founder and first director 1887-1899 of the United States' Hygienic Laboratory, the predecessor of the National Institutes of Health.[1]

Biography

Early life

Joseph James "Joe" Kinyoun was born November 25, 1860 in East Bend, North Carolina, the oldest of five children born to Elizabeth Ann Conrad and John Hendricks Kinyoun. His family settled in Post Oak, Missouri in 1866 after his house burned down during the Civil War. At the age of 16, he studied medicine with his father, John Hendricks Kinyoun, who was a general practitioner.[2]

Kinyoun was educated at St. Louis Medical College and graduated from Bellevue Medical College in 1882 with a M.D. degree. He did postdoctoral studies in pathology and bacteriology at the Carnegie Laboratory[3] where he became the first bacteriology student and studied cholera. Then he was a visiting scientist in Europe under Robert Koch. He was awarded a Ph.D. from Georgetown University in 1896.

Career

On October 4, 1886, Dr. Kinyoun began his career in the Marine Hospital Service at Staten Island Quarantine Station as an assistant surgeon, taking over direction of the Laboratory of Hygiene in 1887.[4] When the Surgeon General moved the laboratory from Staten Island to Washington, DC in 1891, he placed 26-years-old Kinyoun in charge of the nation's first federal bacteriology laboratory.His code name during his MHS career was Abutment.

Kinyoun's later career was spent in private companies and as a professor of bacteriology and pathology at George Washington University[3] before becoming a bacteriologist for the District of Columbia Health Department, a position he held until his death. In 1909, Dr. Kinyoun served as president of the American Society for Microbiology. He is perhaps best known now for the dissemination of the Kinyoun modification of the Ziehl-Neelsen stain for Acid-fast bacteria.[5]

Kinyoun's microscope

Hygienic Laboratory (1887-1896)

As the director of the Hygienic Laboratory, he researched on a plethora of different infectious diseases and their respective etiology and vaccine treatment while urging necessary hospital protocols and regulations for isolation of infected patients.[6] Cholera, yellow fever, smallpox, and plague were the four main epidemic diseases that the laboratory investigated.

San Francisco Quarantine Station

In 1899, Walter Wyman transferred Kinyoun to the San Francisco Quarantine station where he became head of the Marine Hospital Service in San Francisco. In March 1900 he was central to the discovery of the San Francisco plague of 1900–1904. He resigned his position in 1901 after allegations that his conclusive bubonic plague diagnoses were scaremongering. He was proven correct by independent testing and the appearance of further cases.

Marriage and children

James and Susan Elizabeth "Lizzie" Perry married in 1883. The couple had at least five children: Bettie Kinyoun; Joseph Perry Kinyoun; Alice Kinyoun Houts; Conrad Kinyoun; and John Nathan Kinyoun. After his first child, Bettie, passed away at the age of 3 from contracting diphtheria, he poured himself into his work and even set up a public diphtheria laboratory at Georgetown Medical School.

Death and afterward

Joseph Kinyoun died on February 14, 1919, in Washington, DC.

A collection of his papers is held at the National Library of Medicine.[7]

Published works

Awards

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases' Joseph J. Kinyoun Memorial Lecture is named in his honor.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Birth of the Hygienic Laboratory". Origins of the National Institutes of Health. U.S. National Library of Medicine. May 8, 1987.
  2. ^ "Kinyoun, John H. (1825-1903), Account Books, 1859-1898 (C3863)" (PDF). The State Historical Society of Missouri.
  3. ^ a b Bing, Richard J. (2010). "The National Institutes of Health and Joseph J. Kinyoun" (PDF). Heart News and Views. Vol. 17, no. 3. International Society for Heart Research. p. 7.
  4. ^ Luiggi, Cristina (2011-05-28). "One-Man NIH, 1887". The Scientist.
  5. ^ Kinyoun JJ. 1915. A note on Uhlenhuths method for sputum examination, for tubercle bacilli. Am. J. Public Health 5:867–870.
  6. ^ Morens, David M.; Fauci, Anthony S. (2012-08-31). "The Forgotten Forefather: Joseph James Kinyoun and the Founding of the National Institutes of Health". mBio. 3 (4): e00139–12. doi:10.1128/mBio.00139-12. ISSN 2150-7511. PMID 22736540.
  7. ^ "Joseph J. Kinyoun Papers 1899-1939". National Library of Medicine.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_J._Kinyoun&oldid=807948945"