Convict ships to Norfolk Island: Difference between revisions

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Norfolk Island twice served as a penal colony, from March 1788 to February 1814, and from 1825 to 1853. During both periods the Government in New South Wales transferred convicts that had been brought to Australia on to the island.

At first the intent was to settle and develop the island. There appear to be no compilations of which vessels brought how many convicts from New South Wales to Norfolk Island, and when, during the 1788 to 1814 period. One vessel that did was Golden Grove, which brought 21 males and 11 females in October 1788. Rough seas and the absence of good landing sites made it difficult to supply and sustain the colony. By 1812 a new penal colony had been established at Hobart Town in Van Diemen's Land and it had received its first convicts from Britain. Norfolk Island no longer served any purpose and the last settlers and convicts were removed by February 1814.^[1]

During the second period the penal colony was initially revived as a place of banishment for the worst convicts, those who had re-offended while in Australia. Some dozen vessels made about 40 voyages shuttling convicts to and from the island. The first arrived on 8 November 1828 with 14 convicts, and the last arrived on 6 August 1850 with one. The most brought on any voyage was 106 on Louisa on 19 September 1831. The New South Wales Government State Archives & Records has a web page that lists the the vessels that shuttled to the Island and back. It gives the date of arrival of each voyage, and the number of convicts carried.^[1]

Then between 1840 and 1847 fourteen ships transported male convicts to Norfolk Island from the British Isles for the British Government.

1788-1814

Vessel	Master	Date of arrival	Sailed from	Convicts embarked	Convicts landed
HMS Supply	David Blackburn	6 March 1788	Sydney	15	15
Golden Grove	William Sharp	October 1788	Sydney	32	32

1840-1850

Vessel^[2]	Master^[2]	Date of arrival^[2]	Sailed from^[2]	Convicts embarked^[3]	Convicts landed^[3]
Nautilus	H.F. Alloway	1840	Dublin	200	178 + 21 Sydney
Augusta Jessie	J.S. Sparke	27 March 1840	Dublin	161	129 + 34 Sydney
Mangles	William Carr	1840	Plymouth	290	236 + 53 Sydney
Maitland	George (or John) Thompson	7 February 1844	Portsmouth	199	199
Blundell	Robert L. Hunter	5 July 1844	Woolwich	210	210
Agincourt	Henry Neatby	9 November 1844	Woolwich	224	210
Hydrabad	Alexander Robertson	19 February 1845	The Downs	260	259
David Malcolm	James Cable	25 August 1845	The Downs	220	220
Hyderabad	T.A. Castle	2 September 1845		250	250
Mayda	May	8 January 1846	London	199	195
China	Livesay	16 May 1846	Woolwich	200	199
John Calvin	Hunter^[4]	21 September 1846	Woolwich	200	199
Tory	Lukey or John Young	1847	Dublin	200	195
Eliza	Daniel	30 April 1850	London	60	56 + 4 Hobart

The last convicts were removed to Tasmania in May 1853.

Citations and references

Citations

^ ^a ^b Norfolk Island Guide.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bateson (1959), pp.322-323.
^ ^a ^b Bateson (1959), p.340.
^ Lloyd's Register (1846), Seq.№J397.

References

Bateson, Charles (1959). The Convict Ships, 1787-1868. Brown, Son & Ferguson. OCLC 3778075.
Bateson, Charles (1974). The Convict Ships, 1787-1868. Brown, Son & Ferguson.

[NSW-1] Norfolk Island Guide.

[Bateson322-2] Bateson (1959), pp.322-323.

[Bateson340-3] Bateson (1959), p.340.

[4] Lloyd's Register (1846), Seq.№J397.

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 [[Norfolk Island]] twice served as a penal colony, from March 1788 to February 1814, and from 1825 to 1853. During both periods the Government in [[New South Wales]] transferred [[convicts]] that had been brought to Australia on to the island.
-At first the intent was to settle and develop the island. There appear to be no compilations of which vessels brought how many convicts from New South Wales to Norfolk Island, and when, during the 1788 to 1814 period. One vessel that did was {{ship||Golden Grove|1782 ship|2}}, which brought 21 males and 11 females in October 1788. Rough seas and the absence of good landing sites made it difficult to supply and sustain the colony. By 1812 a new penal colony had been established at [[Hobart Town]] in [[Van Diemen's Land]] and it had received its first convicts from Britain. Norfolk Island no longer served any purpose and the last settlers and convicts were removed by February 1814.
+At first the intent was to settle and develop the island. There appear to be no compilations of which vessels brought how many convicts from New South Wales to Norfolk Island, and when, during the 1788 to 1814 period. One vessel that did was {{ship||Golden Grove|1782 ship|2}}, which brought 21 males and 11 females in October 1788. Rough seas and the absence of good landing sites made it difficult to supply and sustain the colony. By 1812 a new penal colony had been established at [[Hobart Town]] in [[Van Diemen's Land]] and it had received its first convicts from Britain. Norfolk Island no longer served any purpose and the last settlers and convicts were removed by February 1814.<ref name=NSW/>
-During the second period the penal colony was initially revived as a place of banishment for the worst convicts, those who had re-offended while in Australia. Some dozen vessels made about 40 voyages shuttling convicts to and from the island. The first arrived on 8 November 1828 with 14 convicts, and the last arrived on 6 August 1850 with one. The most brought on any voyage was 106 on ''Louisa'' on 19 September 1831.
+During the second period the penal colony was initially revived as a place of banishment for the worst convicts, those who had re-offended while in Australia. Some dozen vessels made about 40 voyages shuttling convicts to and from the island. The first arrived on 8 November 1828 with 14 convicts, and the last arrived on 6 August 1850 with one. The most brought on any voyage was 106 on ''Louisa'' on 19 September 1831. The New South Wales Government State Archives & Records has a web page that lists the the vessels that shuttled to the Island and back. It gives the date of arrival of each voyage, and the number of convicts carried.<ref name=NSW>[https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and-indexes/norfolk-island-guide   Norfolk Island Guide.]</ref>
 Then between 1840 and 1847 fourteen ships [[transportation (punishment)|transported]] male [[convicts]] to [[Norfolk Island]] from the British Isles for the British Government.