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{{italic title}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Meloidogyne incognita''
| name = ''Meloidogyne incognita''
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| binomial_authority =
| binomial_authority =
}}
}}
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'''''Meloidogyne incognita''''' is a species of [[nematode]]s (roundworms) in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Heteroderidae]]. It is commonly called the "southern root-knot '''''[[nematode]]''''''" or the "cotton root-knot nematode". This parasitic roundworm has worldwide distribution and numerous [[host (biology)|hosts]]. It is an important [[parasite|plant parasite]] classified in [[parasitology]] as a [[root-knot nematode]], as it prefers to attack the root of its host plant.


⚫
'''''Meloidogyne incognita''''' is a species of [[nematode]]s (roundworms) in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Heteroderidae]]. It is commonly called the "southern root-knot '''''[[nematode]]''''''" or the "cotton root-knot nematode". This parasitic roundworm has worldwide distribution and numerous [[host (biology)|hosts]]. It is an important [[parasite|plant parasite]] classified in [[parasitology]] as a [[root-knot nematode]], as it prefers to attack the root of its host plant.
⚫
When ''M. incognita'' attacks the roots of plants, it sets up a feeding location, where it deforms, (destroys) the normal root cells and establishes giant cells. The roots become gnarled or nodulated (knobbly, rough, and twisted), forming [[gall]]s, hence the term "root-knot" nematode.


⚫
When ''M. incognita'' attacks the roots of plants, it sets up a feeding location, where it deforms, (destroys) the normal root cells and establishes giant cells. The roots become gnarled or nodulated (knobbly, rough, and twisted), forming [[gall]]s, hence the term "root-knot" nematode.
⚫
''M. incognita'' has been found to be able to move along shallower temperature gradients (0.001C/cm) than any other known organism,<ref>Pline, Diez, and Dusenbery, J. Nematology, 20:605-608 (1988). ''Extremely sensitive thermotaxis of the nematode Meloidogyne incognita.''</ref> an example of [[thermotaxis]]. The response is complicated and thought to allow the nematodes to move toward an appropriate level in soil,<ref>Dusenbery, D.B. Biological Cybernetics, 60:431-437 (1989). ''A simple animal can use a complex stimulus pattern to find a location,''</ref> while they search for chemical cues that can guide them to specific roots.<ref>Pline and Dusenbery. 1987. Responses of the plant-parasitic nematode ''Meloidogyne incognita'' to carbon dioxide determined by video camera-computer tracking. J. Chem. Ecol. 13 : 873-888.</ref><ref>Dusenbery. 1987. Theoretical range over which bacteria and nematodes locate plant roots using carbon dioxide. J. Chem. Ecol. 13 : 1617-1624. </ref><ref>Diez and Dusenbery. 1989. Repellent of root-knot nematodes from exudate of host roots. J. Chem. Ecol. 15:2445-2455.</ref>

⚫
''M. incognita'' has been found to be able to move along shallower temperature gradients (0.001C/cm) than any other known organism,<ref>Pline, Diez, and Dusenbery, J. Nematology, 20:605-608 (1988). ''Extremely sensitive thermotaxis of the nematode Meloidogyne incognita.''</ref> an example of [[thermotaxis]]. The response is complicated and thought to allow the nematodes to move toward an appropriate level in soil,<ref>Dusenbery, D.B. Biological Cybernetics, 60:431-437 (1989). ''A simple animal can use a complex stimulus pattern to find a location,''</ref> while they search for chemical cues that can guide them to specific roots.<ref>Pline and Dusenbery. 1987. Responses of the plant-parasitic nematode ''Meloidogyne incognita'' to carbon dioxide determined by video camera-computer tracking. J. Chem. Ecol. 13 : 873-888.</ref><ref>Dusenbery. 1987. Theoretical range over which bacteria and nematodes locate plant roots using carbon dioxide. J. Chem. Ecol. 13 : 1617-1624.</ref><ref>Diez and Dusenbery. 1989. Repellent of root-knot nematodes from exudate of host roots. J. Chem. Ecol. 15:2445-2455.</ref>


The life cycle has four juvenile stages and four moults (shed, cast).
The life cycle has four juvenile stages and four moults (shed, cast).
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== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* Lamberti, Franco and Taylor, Charles Edwin (eds.) (1979) ''Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species): systematics, biology and control'' Academic Press, New York, {{ISBN|0-12-434850-5}} ;
* Lamberti, Franco and Taylor, Charles Edwin (eds.) (1979) ''Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species): systematics, biology and control'' Academic Press, New York, {{ISBN|0-12-434850-5}} ;
* Diez, J. A., and Dusenbery, D. B. (1989) "Preferred temperature of ''Meloidogyne incognita''" Journal of Nematology 21: pp. 99-104;
* Diez, J. A., and Dusenbery, D. B. (1989) "Preferred temperature of ''Meloidogyne incognita''" Journal of Nematology 21: pp.&nbsp;99–104;
* [http://genomebiology.com/2003/4/4/R26 McCarter, James P. ''et al.'' (2003) "Analysis and functional classification of transcripts from the nematode ''Meloidogyne incognita''" ''Genome Biology'' 4: R26], {{doi|10.1186/gb-2003-4-4-r26}}
* [http://genomebiology.com/2003/4/4/R26 McCarter, James P. ''et al.'' (2003) "Analysis and functional classification of transcripts from the nematode ''Meloidogyne incognita''" ''Genome Biology'' 4: R26], {{doi|10.1186/gb-2003-4-4-r26}}


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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20021101164442/http://www.nematode.net/Species.Summaries/Meloidogyne.incognita/index.php Photo]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20021101164442/http://www.nematode.net/Species.Summaries/Meloidogyne.incognita/index.php Photo]
* [https://archive.is/19991013024346/http://ucdnema.ucdavis.edu/imagemap/nemmap/Ent156html/nemas/meloidogyneincognita Description]
* [https://archive.is/19991013024346/http://ucdnema.ucdavis.edu/imagemap/nemmap/Ent156html/nemas/meloidogyneincognita Description]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q628493}}


[[Category:Agricultural pest nematodes]]
[[Category:Agricultural pest nematodes]]

Revision as of 06:22, 22 March 2018

Meloidogyne incognita
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Nematoda
Class:
Secernentea
Order:
Tylenchida
Family:
Heteroderidae
Genus:
Meloidogyne
Species:
M. incognita
Binomial name
Meloidogyne incognita

Meloidogyne incognita is a species of nematodes (roundworms) in the family Heteroderidae. It is commonly called the "southern root-knot nematode'" or the "cotton root-knot nematode". This parasitic roundworm has worldwide distribution and numerous hosts. It is an important plant parasite classified in parasitology as a root-knot nematode, as it prefers to attack the root of its host plant.

When M. incognita attacks the roots of plants, it sets up a feeding location, where it deforms, (destroys) the normal root cells and establishes giant cells. The roots become gnarled or nodulated (knobbly, rough, and twisted), forming galls, hence the term "root-knot" nematode.

M. incognita has been found to be able to move along shallower temperature gradients (0.001C/cm) than any other known organism,[1] an example of thermotaxis. The response is complicated and thought to allow the nematodes to move toward an appropriate level in soil,[2] while they search for chemical cues that can guide them to specific roots.[3][4][5]

The life cycle has four juvenile stages and four moults (shed, cast).

See also

References

  1. ^ Pline, Diez, and Dusenbery, J. Nematology, 20:605-608 (1988). Extremely sensitive thermotaxis of the nematode Meloidogyne incognita.
  2. ^ Dusenbery, D.B. Biological Cybernetics, 60:431-437 (1989). A simple animal can use a complex stimulus pattern to find a location,
  3. ^ Pline and Dusenbery. 1987. Responses of the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita to carbon dioxide determined by video camera-computer tracking. J. Chem. Ecol. 13 : 873-888.
  4. ^ Dusenbery. 1987. Theoretical range over which bacteria and nematodes locate plant roots using carbon dioxide. J. Chem. Ecol. 13 : 1617-1624.
  5. ^ Diez and Dusenbery. 1989. Repellent of root-knot nematodes from exudate of host roots. J. Chem. Ecol. 15:2445-2455.
  • Lamberti, Franco and Taylor, Charles Edwin (eds.) (1979) Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species): systematics, biology and control Academic Press, New York, ISBN 0-12-434850-5 ;
  • Diez, J. A., and Dusenbery, D. B. (1989) "Preferred temperature of Meloidogyne incognita" Journal of Nematology 21: pp. 99–104;
  • McCarter, James P. et al. (2003) "Analysis and functional classification of transcripts from the nematode Meloidogyne incognita" Genome Biology 4: R26, doi:10.1186/gb-2003-4-4-r26
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