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==Visa requirements map==
==Visa requirements map==
[[File:Visa requirements for Filipino citizens.png|thumbnail|center|964x964px|Visa requirements for Philippine citizens{{legend|red|Philippines}} {{legend|#22b14c|Visa-free}}{{legend|#099BE0|Visa on arrival or eVisa}} {{legend|greenyellow|Visa on arrival}}{{legend|#9bd6d3|[[eVisa]]}}|frameless]]
[[File:Visa requirements for Filipino citizens.png|thumbnail|center|964x964px]]


==Visa requirements==
==Visa requirements==

Revision as of 20:21, 4 June 2018

A Philippine passport

Visa requirements for Philippine citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of the Philippines by the authorities of other territories. As of February 2018, Philippines citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 63 countries and territories, ranking the Philippine passport 75th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Azerbaijani, Cape Verdean and Cuban passports) according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements

UN member and observer countries

Land Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
  • Women of all nationalities must cover their body with clothing, except for their face, hands and feet
 Albanien Visa required[3]
 Algerien Visa required[4]
 Andorra Visa required[5] 3 Monate
  • There are no visa requirements for entry into Andorra, but it can only be accessed by passing through France or Spain. A multiple entry visa is required to re-enter either France or Spain when leaving Andorra.
  • All visitors can stay for 3 months.
 Angola Visa required[6]
 Antigua und Barbuda Electronic Entry Visa[7]
 Argentinien Visa required[8]
 Armenien eVisa / Visa on arrival[9] 120 days
 Australien Visa required[10]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).[11]
 Österreich Visa required[12]
 Aserbaidschan Visa required[13]
 Bahamas Visa required[14]
  • Permanent Residents of Canada do not need a visa and may stay up to 30 days.[15]
 Bahrain Visa required[16]
 Bangladesch Visa required[17]
 Barbados Visa required[18]
  • Visa procedure does not necessitate sending passport to Barbados or one of its embassies.[19]
 Weißrussland Visa required[20]
 Belgien Visa required[21]
 Belize Visa required[22]
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[23][24] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[25]
 Bolivien Visa not required[26] 90 days
 Bosnien und Herzegowina Visa required[27]
 Botswana Visa required[28]
 Brasilien Visa not required[29] 90 days
 Brunei Visa not required[30] 14 days
 Bulgarien Visa required[31]
 Burkina Faso Visa required[32]
 Burundi Visa required[33]
 Kambodscha Visa not required[34] 21 days
 Kamerun Visa required[35]
 Kanada Visa required[36]
  • Green Card holders in the United States do not need a visa to visit or transit in Canada, unless deemed inadmissible. B or C visa holders in Switzerland do not require transit visa when traveling to the United States flying with Air Canada.[37]
 Kap Verde Visa on arrival[38]
 Zentralafrikanische Republik Visa required[39]
 Tschad Visa required[40]
 Chile Visa required[41]
 China Visa required[42]
 Kolumbien Visa not required[45] 180 days
  • 90 days on arrival, can extend another 90 days for 180 days total.
 Komoren Visa on arrival[46] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[47]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[48]
 Costa Rica Visa not required[49] 90 days
  • 30 days upon arrival, can extend for total of 90 days.
 Côte d'Ivoire Visa not required[50] 90 days
 Kroatien Visa required[51]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen member states.
 Cuba Visa required[52]
 Zypern Visa required[53]
 Tschechische Republik Visa required[54]
 Dänemark Visa required[55]
 Dschibuti eVisa[56] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[57] 21 days
 Dominikanische Republik Visa required[58]
  • Permanent Residents of Canada do not require a visa and may stay up to 30 days.[59]
 Ecuador Visa not required[60] 90 days
 Ägypten Visa required[61]
 El Salvador Visa required[62]
 Äquatorial-Guinea Visa required[63]
 Eritrea Visa required[64]
 Estland Visa required[65]
 Äthiopien eVisa[66]
 Fidschi Visa not required[67] 4 months
 Finnland Visa required[68]
 Frankreich Visa required[69]
  • Transit through a French airport also requires a transit visa[70]
 Gabun eVisa[71]
 Gambia Visa not required[72] 90 days
  • Must obtain an entry clearance from the Gambian Immigration prior to travel [73]
 Georgien eVisa[74]
 Deutschland Visa required[75]
 Ghana Visa required[76]
 Griechenland Visa required[77]
 Grenada Visa required[78]
 Guatemala Visa required[79]
 Guinea Visa required[80]
 Guinea-Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival[81] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[82]
 Haiti Visa not required[83] 3 Monate
 Honduras Visa required[84]
 Ungarn Visa required[85]
 Island Visa required[86]
 Indien e-Visa[87] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][88]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[89]
 Indonesien Visa not required[90] 30 days
 Iran Visa on arrival[91] 30 days[92]
 Iraq Visa required[93]
 Irland Visa required[94]
 Israel Visa not required[95] 3 Monate
 Italien Visa required[96]
 Jamaika Visa required[97]
  • Permanent Residents of Canada do not require a visa.[98]
 Japan Visa required[99]
 Jordanien Visa required[100]
 Kasachstan Visa required[101]
 Kenia eVisa / Visa on arrival[102] 3 Monate
 Kiribati Visa required[103]
 North Korea Visa required[104]
 Südkorea Visa required[105]
  • Green Card holders in the United States do not need a visa to visit or transit in South Korea.
  • Visa-free access for 30 days to Jeju Island.
 Kuwait Visa required[106]
 Kirgisistan eVisa / Visa on arrival[107] 1 month
 Laos Visa not required[108] 30 days
 Lettland Visa required[109]
 Libanon Visa required[110]
 Lesotho eVisa[111][112]
 Liberia Visa required[113]
 Libyen Visa required[114]
 Liechtenstein Visa required[115]
 Litauen Visa required[116]
 Luxemburg Visa required[117]
 Mazedonien Visa required[118]
 Madagaskar Free visa on arrival[119] 30 days
 Malawi Visa on arrival[120] 90 days
  • Can extend for a total of 90 days.
 Malaysia Visa not required[121] 30 days
 Malediven Visa on arrival[122] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[123]
 Malta Visa required[124]
 Marshallinseln Visa on arrival[125] 90 days
 Mauretanien Visa on arrival[126]
 Mauritius Visa on arrival[127] 60 days[128]
 Mexiko Visa required[129]
  • Permanent residents of Canada or of the United States (i.e., Green Card Holders), or holders of a valid Schengen visa do not require a visa.[130]
 Mikronesien Visa not required[131] 30 days
 Moldawien Visa required[132]
 Monaco Visa required[133]
 Mongolei Visa not required[134] 21 days
 Montenegro Visa required[135]
 Marokko Visa not required[136] 90 days
 Mosambik Visa on arrival[137] 30 days
 Myanmar Visa not required[138] 14 days[139]
 Namibia Visa required[140]
 Nauru Visa required[141]
   Nepal Visa on arrival[142] 90 days
 Niederlande Visa required[143]
 Neuseeland Visa required[144]
  • May transit without a visa.[145]
 Nicaragua Visa on arrival[146] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[147]
 Nigeria Visa required[148]
 Norwegen Visa required[149]
 Oman Visa required[150]
 Pakistan Visa required[151]
  • Visa on arrival when travelling on business valid for 30 days.
 Palau Visa on arrival[153] 30 days
 Panama Visa required[154]
 Papua-Neuguinea Visa on arrival[155] 60 days
 Paraguay Visa required[156]
 Peru Visa not required[157] 183 days
 Polen Visa required[158]
 Portugal Visa required[159]
 Katar eVisa[160][161]
 Rumänien Visa required[162]
 Russland Visa required[163]
 Ruanda Visa not required[164][165] 90 days
 St. Kitts und Nevis eVisa[166] 30 days
 St. Lucia Visa on arrival[167] 6 weeks
 St. Vincent und die Grenadinen Visa not required[168] 1 month
 Samoa Entry Permit on arrival[169] 60 days
 San Marino Visa required[170]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[171]
  • Visa is obtained online.[172]
 Saudi-Arabien Visa required[173]
 Senegal Visa required[174]
 Serbien Visa required[175]
 Seychellen Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[176] 3 Monate
 Sierra Leone Visa required[177]
 Singapur Visa not required[178] 30 days
 Slowakei Visa required[179]
 Slowenien Visa required[180]
  • No visa required for holders of valid residence permits issued by Schengen States including Switzerland.
 Salomonen Visa required[181]
 Somalia Visa on arrival[182] 30 days
 Südafrika Visa required[183]
 South Sudan Visa required[184]
 Spanien Visa required[185]
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[186] 30 days
 Sudan Visa required[187]
 Surinam Visa not required[188] 90 days
 Swasiland Visa required[189]
 Schweden Visa required[190]
  Schweiz Visa required[191]
 Syria Visa required[192]
 Tadschikistan eVisa[193] 45 days
  • E-visa holders can enter through all border points.[194]
 Tansania Visa on arrival[195]
 Thailand Visa not required[196] 30 days
  • Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[197] 30 days
 Togo Visa on arrival[198] 7 Tage
 Tonga Visa required[199]
 Trinidad und Tobago Visa on arrival[200]
 Tunesien Visa required[201]
 Türkei Visa required[202] 30-day
  • eVisas can be obtained online[203] for USD20 provided that a return ticket, hotel reservation and at least USD50 for each day's stay is shown.
  • Must travel for the purposes of tourism or business and hold a valid visa OR valid residence permit from one of the Schengen countries, USA, UK or Ireland (E-visas are not accepted).[204]
 Turkmenistan Visa required[205]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[206] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[207]
 Ukraine Visa required[209]
 Vereinigte Arabische Emirate Visa required[210]
 Vereinigtes Königreich Visa required[211]
 Vereinigte Staaten Visa required[212]
 Uruguay Visa required[213]
 Usbekistan Visa required[214]
 Vanuatu Visa not required[215] 30 days
 Vatican City Visa required[216]
 Venezuela Visa required[217]
 Vietnam Visa not required[218] 21 days
  • A single entry eVisa valid for 30 days is also available.[219]
 Jemen Visa required[220]
 Sambia eVisa[221]
 Simbabwe eVisa[222]

Certain countries allow Filipino citizens to enter without a visa if they are in a possession of a valid visa or resident permit for Canada, Ireland, the Schengen area, the United States or the United Kingdom.

Territories and disputed areas

Visa requirements for Filipino citizens for entry to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Africa
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Britisches Territorium im Indischen Ozean Special permit required Special permit required.[223]
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[224]
 Mayotte Visa required[225]
 Réunion Visa required[225]
 Ascension Island Entry Permit required Entry Permit must be obtained minimum 28 days in advance (3 months for 20/30 pounds sterling, single/double entry).[226]
 Sankt Helena eVisa[227][228]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[229]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
  • Filipino citizens may enter the Moroccan controlled zone of Western Sahara without obtaining a visa.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[230][231]
 Sudan Travel permit required All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[232]
Asia
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
China Hainan Visa required[233] Visa not required for 15 days for traveling as part of a tourist group (5 or more people)[234]
 Hongkong Visa not required[235] 14 days
 Indien PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for all of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and parts of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[236][237][238][239][240]
 Kasachstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[241]
Iran Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[242]
  • May stay up to 14 days.
 Macao Visa not required[243] 30 days
Malediven Malediven Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[244]
 North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
 Palestine Visa required[245] Unknown by Timatic.
Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[246]
 Taiwan Visa not required[247] 14 days from 1 November 2017 to 31 July 2018.[248]
eVisa is also available until 8 October 2018.[249]
Must possesses at Valid entry visa or resident or permanent resident card issued by Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, any of the Schengen countries, the United Kingdom, or the United States [250]
Tadschikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[251][252][253]
United Nations Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone.
United Nations UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone.
 Jemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[254]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Anguilla Visa required[255]
 Aruba Visa required[256] Visa free if U.S., UK, Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[257]
 Bermuda Visa required 180 days, Permanent residents of the United States, Canada or the United Kingdom do not require a visa.
Niederlande Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa required[258] Visa free if U.S., UK, Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[257]
 Britische Jungferninseln Visa required[259] Permanent residents of the United States, Canada or the United Kingdom do not require a visa.
 Cayman-Inseln Visa required[260] Up to 30 days visa-free for permanent residents of and traveling directly from: Canada, USA or UK.[261][262][263] Visa free for cruise ship passengers leaving on same day as arrival.[264]
 Curacao Visa required[265] Visa free if U.S., UK, Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[257]
Frankreich Französisch-Guayana Visa required[266] Schengen visa is required.
Frankreich French West Indies Visa required French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[267]
 Grönland Visa required[268] Schengen visa is required.
 Montserrat eVisa[269] Multiple entry eVisa valid for 1 year can be obtained through the internet, prior to departure.
 Puerto Rico Visa required[270] Visa issued by the United States is required.
 St. Pierre und Miquelon Visa required[225] Permanent Residents of Canada are exempted from passport and visa requirements for stays of maximum duration of 3 months within a period of 6 months.[271]
 Sint Maarten Visa required[272] Visa free if U.S., UK, Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[257]
 Turks- und Caicosinseln Visa required[273] Visa is required as of 1 April 2015
 U.S. Jungferninseln Visa required[274] Visa issued by the United States is required.
Europa
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Abkhazia Visa required[275]
Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). there is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[276][277]
 Republic of Crimea Visa required Visa issued by Russia is required.[278]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[279][280]
United Nations UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[281] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Färöer Inseln Visa required[268]
 Gibraltar Visa required[282] British visa is required.
 Guernsey Visa required[283] British visa is required.
 Isle of Man Visa required[284] British visa is required.
Norwegen Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[285] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[286]
 Jersey Visa required[287] British visa is required.
 Kosovo Visa required[288] Visa free for a maximum stay of 15 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states.[289]
 Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Visa required[290][291] Travellers with Nagorno-Karabakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[292]
 Russland Special authorization required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[293]
 South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[294][295]
 Svalbard Visa not required Svalbard Treaty allows everybody may live and work in Svalbard indefinitely regardless of country of citizenship.
 Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24h.[296][297]
Oceania
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Amerikanisch-Samoa Visa required[298]
Australien Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[299]
Frankreich Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[300]
 Cook Inseln Visa not required 31 days[301]
Fidschi Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[302]
 Französisch-Polynesien Visa required[303]
 Guam Visa required[304] US visa is required.
 Neukaledonien Visa required[225]
 Nördliche Marianen Visa required US visa is required.
 Niue Visa not required 30 days[305]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[306][307][308]
Vereinigte Staaten United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[309][310][311][312][313][314][315]
 Wallis und Futuna Visa required[225]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Falklandinseln Visa required[316]
 Südgeorgien und die Südlichen Sandwichinseln Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[317][318]
Antarktis Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australien Australian Antarctic Territory, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australien Heard Island und McDonald Islands, Norwegen Peter I Island, Norwegen Queen Maud Land, Neuseeland Ross Dependency.[319][320][321][322][323][324][325][326][327][328][329][330]

APEC Business Travel Card

  Full members of the scheme
  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[331]

1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[332]

  • no need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by  Kanada and  Vereinigte Staaten)
  • undertake legitimate business in participating economies
  • expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
  • expedited scheduling of visa interview (United States)

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[333] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[334] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[335]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[336][337]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[338][339] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[340]

Some countries, such as Japan,[341] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[342] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[343] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[344] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[345] Philippines,[346] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[347]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[348] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[349] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning him from entering the country or expelling him if he has already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[350]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[351] Lebanon,[352] Libya,[353] Syria,[354] and Yemen[355] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[356]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[357][358] Argentina,[359] Brunei, Cambodia,[360] China,[361] Ethiopia,[362] Ghana, Guinea,[363] India, Japan,[364][365] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[366] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[367] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[368] Singapore, South Korea,[369] Taiwan, Thailand,[370] Uganda,[371] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[372][373][374] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[375]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[376] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[377][378] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[379] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[380][381]

See also

References and Notes

References
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  147. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  148. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  151. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  371. ^ AfricaNews (January 14, 2019). "Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport". Africanews. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  372. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (May 9, 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved April 25, 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  373. ^ Lipton, Eric (May 21, 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved April 25, 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  374. ^ Lipton, Eric (December 15, 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved April 25, 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  375. ^ Campoy, Ana (April 17, 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  376. ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  377. ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  378. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. June 11, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
  379. ^ Roberts, Jeff John (September 12, 2016). "Homeland Security Plans to Expand Fingerprint and Eye Scanning at Borders". Fortune. Fortune Media IP Limited. Retrieved April 24, 2019. Unlike with documents, it's very hard for a traveler to present a forged copy of a fingerprint or iris. That's why the U.S. Department of Homeland Security plans to vastly expand the amount of biometric data it collects at the borders. According to Passcode, a new program will ramp up a process to scan fingers and eyes in order to stop people entering and exiting the country on someone else's passport.
  380. ^ "Singapore tests eye scans at immigration checkpoints". Reuters. August 6, 2018. Retrieved April 24, 2019. Singapore has started scanning travellers' eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.
  381. ^ Lee, Vivien (August 6, 2018). "5 Reasons We Prefer Iris Scans To Fingerprint Checks At Our Borders In Singapore". Retrieved April 24, 2019. The iris technology could potentially scan irises covertly, as opposed to the scanning of thumbprints which necessitates active participation.
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