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==History==
==History==
The first confirmed records of the Sapieha family date back to the 15th century, when Sunigal (died 1420), [[castellan]] of [[Troki]], was admitted into the [[Polish nobility]] in October 1413.<ref name=enache>Enache, Nicolas. ''La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg''. ICC, Paris, 1996. pp. 72, 80-81. (French). {{ISBN|2-908003-04-X}}</ref> Semen Sopiha ({{lang-be|Сямён Сапега}}) was mentioned as a writer (scribe) of the then [[King of Poland]] and [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Grand Duke of Lithuania]], [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] ({{lang-pl|Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk}}) for the period of 1441–49. Semen had two sons, Bohdan and Iwan.
The first confirmed records of the Sapieha family date back to the 15th century, when Semen Sopiha ({{lang-be|Сямён Сапега}}) was mentioned as a writer (scribe) of the then [[King of Poland]] and [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Grand Duke of Lithuania]], [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] ({{lang-pl|Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk}}) for the period of 1441–49. Semen had two sons, Bohdan and Iwan.

Possibly, the family of Semen Sopiha owned the village of [[Sopieszyno]] near [[Gdańsk|Gdansk]], which they left because of the [[Teutonic Order|Teutonic]] invasion. [[Sopieszyno]] is one of the oldest [[Pomerania|Pomeranian]] villages. The records have it that already in the 11th-12th centuries it was a [[Knight|knightly]] estate. It was then mentioned in 1399 as a village owned in [[Fief|fiefdom]] by knights subject to the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Polish Crown]]. They family could be involved in the Baltic-Volga trade, as many Pomeranian families. It is archeologically evident that the [[Daugava|Western Dvina]] was part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Arabs. They family's appearance near Smolensk corresponds to that.


The creator of the fortune and power of the Sapieha family was the Court and Great [[Chancellor (Poland)|Chancellor]] and Great [[Hetman]] of Lithuania, [[Lew Sapieha]].
The creator of the fortune and power of the Sapieha family was the Court and Great [[Chancellor (Poland)|Chancellor]] and Great [[Hetman]] of Lithuania, [[Lew Sapieha]].


The [[prince]]ly title of the Sapieha-Kodenski branch was recognized in Poland in 1572 and in Austria-Hungary in 1845, while that of the Sapieha-Rozanski line was officially acknowledged in Russia in 1880.<ref name=enache/>
The [[prince]]ly title of the Sapieha-Kodenski branch was recognized in Poland in 1572 and in Austria-Hungary in 1845, while that of the Sapieha-Rozanski line was officially acknowledged in Russia in 1880.<ref name="enache">Enache, Nicolas. ''La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg''. ICC, Paris, 1996. pp. 72, 80-81. (French). {{ISBN|2-908003-04-X}}</ref>


On 14 September 1700, [[Michał Franciszek Sapieha]] had obtained the title of prince from Emperor [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], but the title became extinct upon his death on 19 November 1700. That year, the family lost its dominant position in the Grand Duchy as a result of its defeat in the [[Civil war in Lithuania (1700)|Lithuanian Civil War]]. In 1768, members of the Sapieha family obtained [[Princely Houses of Poland|recognition of the princely title]] from the Polish [[Sejm]]. After the [[partitions of Poland]], the family appeared in the list of persons authorised to bear the title of Prince of the [[Congress Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] in 1824. The title was recognised in Austria in 1836 and 1840, and in Russia in 1874 and 1901. In 1905, the family obtained the qualification of Serene Highness in Austria.
On 14 September 1700, [[Michał Franciszek Sapieha]] had obtained the title of prince from Emperor [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], but the title became extinct upon his death on 19 November 1700. That year, the family lost its dominant position in the Grand Duchy as a result of its defeat in the [[Civil war in Lithuania (1700)|Lithuanian Civil War]]. In 1768, members of the Sapieha family obtained [[Princely Houses of Poland|recognition of the princely title]] from the Polish [[Sejm]]. After the [[partitions of Poland]], the family appeared in the list of persons authorised to bear the title of Prince of the [[Congress Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] in 1824. The title was recognised in Austria in 1836 and 1840, and in Russia in 1874 and 1901. In 1905, the family obtained the qualification of Serene Highness in Austria.
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The Sapieha family used the [[Polish heraldry|Polish coat of arms]] named "[[Lis coat of arms|Lis]]".<ref name=enache/>
The Sapieha family used the [[Polish heraldry|Polish coat of arms]] named "[[Lis coat of arms|Lis]]".<ref name=enache/>


<gallery widths=200 heights=200 align=center>
<gallery widths="200" heights="200" align="center">
image:POL COA Lis.svg|[[Lis coat of arms]]
image:POL COA Lis.svg|[[Lis coat of arms]]
image:Herb Sapiehów.PNG|Original arms of the Princes Sapieha
image:Herb Sapiehów.PNG|Original arms of the Princes Sapieha
image:POL COA Sapieha alt.svg|Later arms of the Princes Sapieha (1858–1859)
image:POL COA Sapieha alt.svg|Later arms of the Princes Sapieha (1858–1859)
</gallery></center>
</gallery>


==Notable members==
==Notable members==
Line 92: Line 94:


==Palaces==
==Palaces==
<gallery widths=200 heights=200 align=center>
<gallery widths="200" heights="200" align="center">
image:Sapieha palace old.jpg|[[Sapieha Palace in Vilnius]]
image:Sapieha palace old.jpg|[[Sapieha Palace in Vilnius]]
image:1853. Руіны замка ў Гальшанах.jpg|Ruins of the castle in [[Holszany]] (1853)
image:1853. Руіны замка ў Гальшанах.jpg|Ruins of the castle in [[Holszany]] (1853)
Line 105: Line 107:
image:Vysokаŭski zamak. Высокаўскі замак (N. Orda, 1876).jpg|Castle in [[Vysokaye|Wysokie]]
image:Vysokаŭski zamak. Высокаўскі замак (N. Orda, 1876).jpg|Castle in [[Vysokaye|Wysokie]]
image:Horadnia, Nioman. Горадня, Нёман (1891).jpg|Palace in [[Grodno]]
image:Horadnia, Nioman. Горадня, Нёман (1891).jpg|Palace in [[Grodno]]
</gallery></center>
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 17:52, 9 August 2018

Sapieha
Princely arms of the family (1858–59)
Current regionBelarus, Lithuania, Poland
MitgliederLew Sapieha
Eustachy Sapieha
Estate(s)Sapieha Palace in Warsaw
Sapieha Palace in Lviv
Sapieha Palace in Vilnius
Ruzhany Palace
Lew Sapieha, the most prominent member of the family
Jan Fryderyk Sapieha
Adam Stefan Sapieha – Archbishop of Kraków.

Sapieha ([saˈpʲjɛxa]; Belarusian: Сапега, Sapeha; Lithuanian: Sapiega) is a princely (magnate) family of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of Ruthenian origin,[1][2][3] descending from the medieval boyars of Smolensk or Polack.[4][5] The family acquired great influence and wealth in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the 16th century.

History

The first confirmed records of the Sapieha family date back to the 15th century, when Semen Sopiha (Belarusian: Сямён Сапега) was mentioned as a writer (scribe) of the then King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Casimir IV Jagiellon (Polish: Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk) for the period of 1441–49. Semen had two sons, Bohdan and Iwan.

Possibly, the family of Semen Sopiha owned the village of Sopieszyno near Gdansk, which they left because of the Teutonic invasion. Sopieszyno is one of the oldest Pomeranian villages. The records have it that already in the 11th-12th centuries it was a knightly estate. It was then mentioned in 1399 as a village owned in fiefdom by knights subject to the Polish Crown. They family could be involved in the Baltic-Volga trade, as many Pomeranian families. It is archeologically evident that the Western Dvina was part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Arabs. They family's appearance near Smolensk corresponds to that.

The creator of the fortune and power of the Sapieha family was the Court and Great Chancellor and Great Hetman of Lithuania, Lew Sapieha.

The princely title of the Sapieha-Kodenski branch was recognized in Poland in 1572 and in Austria-Hungary in 1845, while that of the Sapieha-Rozanski line was officially acknowledged in Russia in 1880.[6]

On 14 September 1700, Michał Franciszek Sapieha had obtained the title of prince from Emperor Leopold I, but the title became extinct upon his death on 19 November 1700. That year, the family lost its dominant position in the Grand Duchy as a result of its defeat in the Lithuanian Civil War. In 1768, members of the Sapieha family obtained recognition of the princely title from the Polish Sejm. After the partitions of Poland, the family appeared in the list of persons authorised to bear the title of Prince of the Kingdom of Poland in 1824. The title was recognised in Austria in 1836 and 1840, and in Russia in 1874 and 1901. In 1905, the family obtained the qualification of Serene Highness in Austria.

The maternal grandmother of Queen Mathilde of Belgium was a member of the house of Sapieha.

Coat of arms

The Sapieha family used the Polish coat of arms named "Lis".[6]

  • Lis coat of arms
    Lis coat of arms
  • Original arms of the Princes Sapieha
    Original arms of the Princes Sapieha
  • Later arms of the Princes Sapieha (1858–1859)
    Later arms of the Princes Sapieha (1858–1859)

Notable members

Palaces

See also

Bibliography

  • Labarre de Raillicourt, Dominique., Histoire des Sapieha (1440-1970), Paris, 1970
  • Sapieha E., Dom Sapieżyński, Warszawa 1995. Numery /112 przy nazwiskach oznaczają numery biogramów w/w pozycji.
  • Tłomacki A., "Sapiehowie Kodeńscy", nakładem własnym, Warszawa 2009

References

  1. ^ Энцыклапедыя ВКЛ. Т.2, арт. "Сапегі"
  2. ^ Саверчанка І.В. Канцлер Вялікага княства. Леў Сапега, Мн., Навука і тэхніка, 1992, с.63
  3. ^ Чаропка В. Бацька Айчыны. Леў Сапега. ў кнізе "Уладары вялікага княства", Мн., Беларусь, 1-е издание 1996, 2-ое издание 2002, с.327–408
  4. ^ Энцыклапедыя ВКЛ. Т.2, арт. "Сапегі"
  5. ^ Vernadsky, George. A History of Russia. New Haven. Connecticut: Yale University Press. 1961. online
  6. ^ a b c d Enache, Nicolas. La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg. ICC, Paris, 1996. pp. 72, 80-81. (French). ISBN 2-908003-04-X
  7. ^ a b Menthe, Caterina. 13 February 2013 Love royale. Vogue Arabia
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