Jump to content

Slavoljub Eduard Penkala: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v1.6.5)
→Update+cat.+minor corrections.
Line 6: Line 6:
|birth_name = Eduard Pękała
|birth_name = Eduard Pękała
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1871|4|20|df=y}}
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1871|4|20|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Liptovský Mikuláš]], now [[Slovakia]], before<br />[[Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Austria–Hungary]]
|birth_place = [[Liptovský Mikuláš|Liptószentmiklós]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1922|2|5|1871|4|20|df=y}}
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1922|2|5|1871|4|20|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Zagreb]],<br />[[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]]
|death_place = [[Zagreb]], [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]], Austria-Hungary
|body_discovered =
|death_cause = [[Pneumonia]]
|death_cause = [[Pneumonia]]
|resting_place = [[Mirogoj Cemetery]]
|residence =
|residence =
|nationality = Slovakian
|nationality = Croatian
|ethnicity =
|ethnicity =
|citizenship =
|citizenship =
|other_names =
|other_names =
|known_for = Inventing the [[mechanical pencil]]
|known_for = Inventing the [[mechanical pencil]]
|education = [[TU Dresden|Royal Saxon Polytechnic Institute]] <small>(Ph.D., 1898)</small>
|education =
⚫
|alma_mater = [[Dresden University of Technology]]
|employer =
|employer =
|occupation = [[Inventor]], aviation pioneer, entrepreneur
|occupation = {{hlist|Inventor|aviation pioneer|entrepreneur}}
|years_active =
|years_active =
|home_town =
|home_town =
|religion =
|religion =
|spouse =
|spouse = Emily Stoffregen
|partner =
|partner =
|children =
|children = 4
|parents =
|parents =
|relations =
|relations =
Line 38: Line 37:


[[File:Penkala-Moster tvornica.jpg|thumb|right|200px|"Penkala-Moster" pen and pencil company in Zagreb]]
[[File:Penkala-Moster tvornica.jpg|thumb|right|200px|"Penkala-Moster" pen and pencil company in Zagreb]]
Eduard Penkala was born in [[Liptovský Mikuláš]] (in what is now [[Slovakia]]), to Franciszek Pękała, who was of [[Poles|Polish]] heritage, and Maria Pękała (née Hannel), who was of Dutch heritage. He attended the [[University of Vienna]] and [[Technische Universität Dresden]], graduating from the latter in 1898 and going on to earn a [[doctorate]] in [[organic chemistry]]. He then moved with his wife and family to [[Zagreb]] (which was then in the [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]], also part of [[Austria-Hungary]]) and to mark his loyalty to his new homeland he took on the Croatian name Slavoljub (the equivalent of slavophile), becoming a naturalized [[Croat]].
Eduard Penkala was born in [[Liptovský Mikuláš|Liptószentmiklós]] (now Liptovský Mikuláš), then part of [[Austria-Hungary]], to Franciszek Pękała, who was of Polish heritage, and Maria Pękała (née Hannel), who was of Dutch descent. He attended the [[University of Vienna]] and [[TU Dresden|Royal Saxon Polytechnic Institute]], graduating from the latter on March 25, 1898, and going on to earn a [[doctorate]] in [[organic chemistry]]. During his studies, he attended violin lessons where he met his future wife, pianist Emily Stoffregen. He then moved with his wife to [[Zagreb]] (which was then in the [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]]). To mark his loyalty to his new homeland, he took on the Croatian name Slavoljub (the equivalent of slavophile), becoming a naturalized [[Croats|Croat]].


He became renowned for further development of the [[mechanical pencil]] (1906)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.penkala.com.hr/en/penkala_en.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-08-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006053423/http://www.penkala.com.hr/en/penkala_en.htm |archivedate=2008-10-06 |df= }}</ref> - then called an "automatic pencil" - and the first solid-ink [[fountain pen]] (1907).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.croatia.hr/English/Penkala/Inovacije.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-03-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406220807/http://www.croatia.hr/English/Penkala/Inovacije.aspx |archivedate=2007-04-06 |df= }}</ref> Collaborating with an entrepreneur by the name of [[Edmund Moster]], he started the Penkala-Moster Company and built a pen-and-pencil factory that was one of the biggest in the world at the time. This company, now called [[TOZ Penkala]], still exists today.
He became renowned for further development of the [[mechanical pencil]] (1906)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.penkala.com.hr/en/penkala_en.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-08-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006053423/http://www.penkala.com.hr/en/penkala_en.htm |archivedate=2008-10-06 |df= }}</ref> - then called an "automatic pencil" - and the first solid-ink [[fountain pen]] (1907).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.croatia.hr/English/Penkala/Inovacije.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-03-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406220807/http://www.croatia.hr/English/Penkala/Inovacije.aspx |archivedate=2007-04-06 |df= }}</ref> Collaborating with an entrepreneur by the name of [[Edmund Moster]], he started the Penkala-Moster Company and built a pen-and-pencil factory that was one of the biggest in the world at the time. The company, now called [[TOZ Penkala]], still exists today.


He also constructed the first Croatian aircraft to fly in the country, the [[1910 Penkala Monoplane]], flown by [[Dragutin Novak]], who was also the first Croatian pilot. He constructed and invented many other products and devices, and held a total of 80 [[patents]].
He also constructed the first Croatian aircraft to fly in the country, the [[Penkala 1910 Biplane]], flown by [[Dragutin Novak]], who was also the first Croatian pilot. He constructed and invented many other products and devices, and held a total of 80 [[patent]]s.


Among his patented inventions were:
Among his patented inventions were:
Line 52: Line 51:


He also founded another company called the Elevator Chemical Manufacturing Company, which produced various chemicals such as detergents, sealing wax, and "Radium Vinovica", a [[Patent medicine|patent-medicine]] – like product that was billed as curing [[rheumatism]].
He also founded another company called the Elevator Chemical Manufacturing Company, which produced various chemicals such as detergents, sealing wax, and "Radium Vinovica", a [[Patent medicine|patent-medicine]] – like product that was billed as curing [[rheumatism]].

He had four children with his wife, Emily.


Penkala died in Zagreb at the age of 50, after catching [[pneumonia]] on a business trip. He was buried at the [[Mirogoj Cemetery]].<ref>{{hr icon}} Gradska groblja Zagreb: Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, Mirogoj RKT-78-I-117</ref>
Penkala died in Zagreb at the age of 50, after catching [[pneumonia]] on a business trip. He was buried at the [[Mirogoj Cemetery]].<ref>{{hr icon}} Gradska groblja Zagreb: Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, Mirogoj RKT-78-I-117</ref>
Line 75: Line 76:
[[Category:1871 births]]
[[Category:1871 births]]
[[Category:1922 deaths]]
[[Category:1922 deaths]]
[[Category:Croatian people of Polish-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Austro-Hungarian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Croatian people of Dutch descent]]
[[Category:Austro-Hungarian Jews]]
⚫
[[Category:Croatian Jews]]
⚫
[[Category:Croatian Austro-Hungarians]]
[[Category:Aviation pioneers]]
[[Category:Aviation pioneers]]
[[Category:Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery]]
[[Category:Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery]]
⚫
[[Category:Croatian Austro-Hungarians]]
[[Category:Croatian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Croatian engineers]]
[[Category:Croatian engineers]]
[[Category:Croatian inventors]]
[[Category:Croatian inventors]]
⚫
[[Category:Croatian Jews]]
[[Category:Croatian people of Dutch descent]]
[[Category:Croatian people of Polish-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia]]
⚫
[[Category:Dresden University of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Jewish engineers]]
[[Category:Jewish inventors]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of Croatia]]
[[Category:Patent medicine businesspeople]]
[[Category:Patent medicine businesspeople]]
[[Category:People from Liptovský Mikuláš]]
[[Category:People from Zagreb]]

Revision as of 04:59, 15 September 2018

Slavoljub Penkala
Slavoljub Penkala in 1920
Born
Eduard Pękała

(1871-04-20)20 April 1871
Liptószentmiklós, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary
Died5 February 1922(1922-02-05) (aged 50)
Zagreb, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, Austria-Hungary
Cause of deathPneumonia
Resting placeMirogoj Cemetery
NationalityCroatian
BildungRoyal Saxon Polytechnic Institute (Ph.D., 1898)
Occupations
  • Inventor
  • aviation pioneer
  • entrepreneur
Known forInventing the mechanical pencil
SpouseEmily Stoffregen
Children4

Slavoljub Eduard Penkala (Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [slâʋɔʎuːb ɛ̂duard pɛŋkǎːla]) (20 April 1871 - 5 February 1922) was a Croatian engineer and inventor of Dutch-Polish-Jewish descent.[1][2]

"Penkala-Moster" pen and pencil company in Zagreb

Eduard Penkala was born in Liptószentmiklós (now Liptovský Mikuláš), then part of Austria-Hungary, to Franciszek Pękała, who was of Polish heritage, and Maria Pękała (née Hannel), who was of Dutch descent. He attended the University of Vienna and Royal Saxon Polytechnic Institute, graduating from the latter on March 25, 1898, and going on to earn a doctorate in organic chemistry. During his studies, he attended violin lessons where he met his future wife, pianist Emily Stoffregen. He then moved with his wife to Zagreb (which was then in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia). To mark his loyalty to his new homeland, he took on the Croatian name Slavoljub (the equivalent of slavophile), becoming a naturalized Croat.

He became renowned for further development of the mechanical pencil (1906)[3] - then called an "automatic pencil" - and the first solid-ink fountain pen (1907).[4] Collaborating with an entrepreneur by the name of Edmund Moster, he started the Penkala-Moster Company and built a pen-and-pencil factory that was one of the biggest in the world at the time. The company, now called TOZ Penkala, still exists today.

He also constructed the first Croatian aircraft to fly in the country, the Penkala 1910 Biplane, flown by Dragutin Novak, who was also the first Croatian pilot. He constructed and invented many other products and devices, and held a total of 80 patents.

Among his patented inventions were:

He also founded another company called the Elevator Chemical Manufacturing Company, which produced various chemicals such as detergents, sealing wax, and "Radium Vinovica", a patent-medicine – like product that was billed as curing rheumatism.

He had four children with his wife, Emily.

Penkala died in Zagreb at the age of 50, after catching pneumonia on a business trip. He was buried at the Mirogoj Cemetery.[5]


See also

References

  1. ^ "Google obilježio 141. godišnjicu rođenja Slavoljuba Penkale" (in Croatian). Nova TV. 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
  2. ^ HINA (2012-04-20). "Google se sjetio Penkale" (in Croatian). Business.hr. Archived from the original on 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2012-04-20. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-10-06. Retrieved 2008-08-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-04-06. Retrieved 2007-03-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ^ Template:Hr icon Gradska groblja Zagreb: Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, Mirogoj RKT-78-I-117
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Slavoljub Penkala.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slavoljub_Eduard_Penkala&oldid=859615116"