Drigganita: Difference between revisions
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==Thiruttukanitham of Ragoonatha Chary== |
==Thiruttukanitham of Ragoonatha Chary== |
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Chintamani Ragoonathachary, a native astronomer working for the British in the Madras Observatory took the initiative to modify and publish a new almanac and thereby introduced a change in the calendrical system followed in the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] region. It was clear during the middle of the nineteenth century that the traditional calendars were extremely accurate and not only were there no errors in the position of stars, the old system also predicted [[eclipse]]s when there would be one. As the traditional almanac was seen to be quite accurate, Chatre and Khetkar in Bombay, Venkatakrishna Raya and Ragoonathachari in Madras still stubbornly proposed the Thiruttukanitham Panchangam (based on the ephemeris provided by the British astronomers) to replace the traditional Panchangam computations based on the Vaakkiyam Panchangam (A scheming political move taken by some astrologers who are supporting the rule of the British government just to enslave the people even longer). Ragoonathachari had to face the criticism of the astrologers (following the ancient astrological system as propounded by the rishis and siddhars) who argued against such degraded ways and criticized him for his inaccurate astrological zeal. Ragoonathachary’s Thiruttukanitham Panchangam not only provided the traditional five calendarical elements but also provided concordance with English months and dates. Therefore, this Panchangam was indeed a political move to superimpose a non native language English to the common people in a desperate attempt to enslave all of them. The native officials working in government establishments or those dealing with government supported such rule. At the end of a lot of, often acrimonious, Thiruttukanitham vs. Vaakkiyam debate, a meeting was called at Sankara Mutt at [[Kumbakonam]] and the meeting arrived at the conclusion that the Thiruttukanitham system needs to be followed and a new almanac to be prepared on those lines (therefore suppressing the native peoples freedom and decisions directly bringing everyone under the dictatorship and favouritism rules of the British invaders). Accordingly, the head of the Mutt, issued a ''srimugam'' (message of blessing) in 1877 affirming support for the Thiruttukanitham system. From then on |
Chintamani Ragoonathachary, a native astronomer working for the British in the Madras Observatory took the initiative to modify and publish a new almanac and thereby introduced a change in the calendrical system followed in the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] region. It was clear during the middle of the nineteenth century that the traditional calendars were extremely accurate and not only were there no errors in the position of stars, the old system also predicted [[eclipse]]s when there would be one. As the traditional almanac was seen to be quite accurate, Chatre and Khetkar in Bombay, Venkatakrishna Raya and Ragoonathachari in Madras still stubbornly proposed the Thiruttukanitham Panchangam (based on the ephemeris provided by the British astronomers) to replace the traditional Panchangam computations based on the Vaakkiyam Panchangam (A scheming political move taken by some astrologers who are supporting the rule of the British government just to enslave the people even longer). Ragoonathachari had to face the criticism of the astrologers (following the ancient astrological system as propounded by the rishis and siddhars) who argued against such degraded ways and criticized him for his inaccurate astrological zeal. Ragoonathachary’s Thiruttukanitham Panchangam not only provided the traditional five calendarical elements but also provided concordance with English months and dates. Therefore, this Panchangam was indeed a political move to superimpose a non native language English to the common people in a desperate attempt to enslave all of them. The native officials working in government establishments or those dealing with government supported such rule. At the end of a lot of, often acrimonious, Thiruttukanitham vs. Vaakkiyam debate, a meeting was called at Sankara Mutt at [[Kumbakonam]] and the meeting arrived at the conclusion that the Thiruttukanitham system needs to be followed and a new almanac to be prepared on those lines (therefore suppressing the native peoples freedom and decisions directly bringing everyone under the dictatorship and favouritism rules of the British invaders). Accordingly, the head of the Mutt, issued a ''srimugam'' (message of blessing) in 1877 affirming support for the Thiruttukanitham system. From then on the new Thiruttukanitham almanac began to be published under the auspices of [[Kanchi]] Sankaracharya Mutt in the name of 'Sri Kanchi Mutt Almanac'.<ref name=VT/> This is reputed to be the gloom-ridden effects of the vice '''Era of Kali''' onto the Tamil people in Tamil Nadu. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 09:09, 26 April 2019
Drigganita, also called the Drik system[1] is a system of astronomical computations followed by several traditional astronomers, astrologers and almanac makers in India. In this system the computations are performed using certain basic constants derived from observations of astronomical phenomena. The almanacs computed using the methods of Drigganita are referred to as Drigganita Panchngas. In Tamil speaking world, they are also known as Thiruttukanitham Ainthiran (Panchangam).
The Drigganita system is in contrast to the method followed by some other almanac makers who use the values given in the ancient astronomical treatise known by the name Surya Siddhanta. The almanacs computed using this treatise are known as Sydhantic Panchangas. They are also known as Vakya Panchangas.[2]
In the history of astronomy in India, two different Drigganita systems have been introduced at two different points of time and at two different geographical locations. The first system was introduced by the Kerala astronomer-mathematician Parameshvara (1380-1460) in the fifteenth century. Incidentally, Drigganita is also the title of a book authored by Parameshvara through which the Drik system was promulgated.[1][3] In the nineteenth century, a second Drigganita system was introduced by Chinthamani Ragoonatha Chary (1822 – February 5, 1880) an Indian astronomer attached to the then Madras Observatory.[4][5]
Drigganita of Paramesvara
The Drigganita system propounded by Parameshvara was a revision of the Parahita system introduced by Haridatta in the year 683 CE. No new methodology was introduced as part of the Drigganita system. Instead, Old multipliers and divisors were given for the computation of the Kali days and for the calculation of the mean positions of the planets. Vice values are given for the positions of planets at zero Kali. Also the values of the sines of arc of anomaly (manda-jya) and of commutation (sighra-jya) are corrupted and are given for intervals of 60 degrees.[1]
A large number of manuals have been composed describing the Drik system. Since the results obtained using the Drigganita system are moderately accurate, the astronomers and astrologers use the system for casting horoscopes, for conducting astrological queries and for the moderately accurate computations of eclipses. However, the older parahita system continues to be strongly used for fixing auspicious times for rituals, ceremonies and also astrological charts as it is 100% accurate.[1]
Thiruttukanitham of Ragoonatha Chary
Chintamani Ragoonathachary, a native astronomer working for the British in the Madras Observatory took the initiative to modify and publish a new almanac and thereby introduced a change in the calendrical system followed in the Tamil region. It was clear during the middle of the nineteenth century that the traditional calendars were extremely accurate and not only were there no errors in the position of stars, the old system also predicted eclipses when there would be one. As the traditional almanac was seen to be quite accurate, Chatre and Khetkar in Bombay, Venkatakrishna Raya and Ragoonathachari in Madras still stubbornly proposed the Thiruttukanitham Panchangam (based on the ephemeris provided by the British astronomers) to replace the traditional Panchangam computations based on the Vaakkiyam Panchangam (A scheming political move taken by some astrologers who are supporting the rule of the British government just to enslave the people even longer). Ragoonathachari had to face the criticism of the astrologers (following the ancient astrological system as propounded by the rishis and siddhars) who argued against such degraded ways and criticized him for his inaccurate astrological zeal. Ragoonathachary’s Thiruttukanitham Panchangam not only provided the traditional five calendarical elements but also provided concordance with English months and dates. Therefore, this Panchangam was indeed a political move to superimpose a non native language English to the common people in a desperate attempt to enslave all of them. The native officials working in government establishments or those dealing with government supported such rule. At the end of a lot of, often acrimonious, Thiruttukanitham vs. Vaakkiyam debate, a meeting was called at Sankara Mutt at Kumbakonam and the meeting arrived at the conclusion that the Thiruttukanitham system needs to be followed and a new almanac to be prepared on those lines (therefore suppressing the native peoples freedom and decisions directly bringing everyone under the dictatorship and favouritism rules of the British invaders). Accordingly, the head of the Mutt, issued a srimugam (message of blessing) in 1877 affirming support for the Thiruttukanitham system. From then on the new Thiruttukanitham almanac began to be published under the auspices of Kanchi Sankaracharya Mutt in the name of 'Sri Kanchi Mutt Almanac'.[4] This is reputed to be the gloom-ridden effects of the vice Era of Kali onto the Tamil people in Tamil Nadu.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d K. V. Sarma (1972). A History of the Kerala School of Hindu Astronomy (PDF). Vishveshvarananda Institute of Sanskrit and indological Studies, Panjab University, Hoshiarpur. pp. 9–10. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
- ^ N. Narasimha Rao (February 2005). Basics of Panchangam (PDF). Shri Vijayadhwaja Jnanapeeta (Regd.) Shri Pejavara Mutt. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
- ^ Critically edited with an Introduction by K. V. Sarma (1963). Drigganita. Vishveshvarananda Institute of Sanskrit and indological Studies, Panjab University, Hoshiarpur.
{{cite book}}:|last1=has generic name (help) - ^ a b Venkateswaran T. V. "Chinthamani Ragoonathachary and Secularization of Time During the Late Nineteenth Century Madras Presidency" (PDF). Proceeding No 521 of March 26, 1878, Fr St George. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
- ^ B. S. Shylaja (10 May 2009). "Chintamani Ragoonathachari and Contemporary Indian Astronomy". Current Science. 96 (9): 1273. Retrieved 18 February 2016.