Peasant rebellion of Sorokino: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox military conflict |
{{Infobox military conflict |
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|conflict= Sorokino rebellion |
|conflict= Sorokino rebellion |
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|partof= the [[Russian Civil War]] |
|partof= the [[Russian Civil War]] and the [[Left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks]] |
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|image= |
|image= |
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|caption= |
|caption= |
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|date= |
|date= Early 1921 |
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|place= |
|place= Eastern [[Altai Krai]] |
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|result= [[Bolsheviks|Bolshevik]] victory |
|result= [[Bolsheviks|Bolshevik]] victory |
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|combatant1= |
|combatant1= Alliance of peasant rebels, [[Anarchism in Russia|anarchists]], and [[White movement|White Army]] veterans |
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|combatant2={{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian SFSR (1918-1920).svg}} [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]] |
|combatant2={{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian SFSR (1918-1920).svg}} [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]] |
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| ⚫ | |commander1= I. P. Novoselov<br/>P. K. Lubkov<br/>E. P. Listkov{{efn|Even though Elistar Petrovič Listkov, a former [[Imperial Russian Army]] soldier and [[World War I]] veteran, reportedly served as rebel commander during the uprising, he was not put on trial until 1938, leaving the actual extent of his activity as insurgent unclear. In that year, he was convicted and executed in course of the [[NKVD Order No. 00447]] purges.{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|pp=106–108}}}} |
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* [[Red Army]]{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=107}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |commander1= |
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|commander2= Unknown |
|commander2= Unknown |
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|units1=Several detachements |
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|units2=[[Red Army]] |
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*5th Army's 35th Division |
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**308th Regiment |
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| ⚫ | |||
|strength1= 5,000–10,000{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=92}} |
|strength1= 5,000–10,000{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=92}} |
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|strength2= Unknown |
|strength2= Unknown |
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|casualties2= |
|casualties2= |
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|casualties3= |
|casualties3= |
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|campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Russian Civil War}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
{{ |
{{Eastern Front of Russian Civil War}} |
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{{Eastern Front of Russian Civil War}}{{One source |
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| date = October 2018 |
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The '''Peasant rebellion of Sorokino''',{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=92}} officially called the '''Kulak Rebellion of Sorokino'''{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=107}} by the Soviet authorities, was a popular uprising against the Soviet policy of [[war communism]] in what is today |
The '''Peasant rebellion of Sorokino''',{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=92}} officially called the '''Kulak Rebellion of Sorokino'''{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=107}} by the Soviet authorities, was a popular uprising against the Soviet policy of [[war communism]] in what is today [[Altai Krai]] and [[Kemerovo Oblast]]. |
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== Prelude == |
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| ⚫ | |||
After the [[Bolsheviks]] assumed control of the Russian government in the [[October Revolution]] of 1917, they implemented various policies which were unpopular among the country's rural population. As result, various anti-Communist peasant uprising erupted during the [[Russian Civil War]]. One of the largest and widespread rebellions took place in [[Siberia]] from mid-1920, after the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]]'s tax policy had effectively destroyed the economic basis of many peasants.{{sfnp|Brovkin|1994|p=379}} This revolt also affected the [[Altai Mountains]], where the rebels were led by veteran [[Anarchism in Russia|anarchist partisans]] under I. P. Novoselov, P. K. Lubkov, and others.{{sfnp|Brovkin|1994|p=379}}<ref name="Mintz">{{cite web| url = https://www.katesharpleylibrary.net/dfn3rg | title = A Siberian 'Makhnovshchina' [Review] | date = |author=Frank Mintz | work = [[Kate Sharpley Library]]| access-date = 20 July 2019 }}</ref> The [[Red Army]] managed to suppress this insurgency by fall 1920, and the revolting peasants were severely punsished.{{sfnp|Brovkin|1994|p=379}} Many anarchist insurgents including Novoselov and Lubkov managed to escape the government forces, however, and went into hiding.<ref name="Mintz"/> |
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== Rebellion == |
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A new wave of uprisings in the Altai region{{sfnp|Brovkin|1994|p=379}} began in January 1921,<ref name="Mintz"/> motivated by the fact that the Communist policies had plunged the local rural population into destitution. The peasants took up arms in order to force the communist government from their lands,{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=94}} and received support by rural rebels who had already taken part in the 1920 rebellion.{{sfnp|Brovkin|1994|p=379}} The uprising spread across a "huge"{{sfnp|Brovkin|1994|p=379}} area to the east of [[Barnaul]] and north of [[Biysk]],{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=107}} where around 5,000–10,000 armed peasants{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=92}} rallied around the mottos ''"For a clean Soviet power"'' and ''"[[Soviet republic (system of government)|Soviets]] without communists"''.{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=92}} The center of the rebellion was the locality of Sorokino.{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=92}} |
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Supported by [[White movement|White Army]] veterans{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|pp=103, 104}} as well as anarchist partisans,<ref name="Mintz"/> the peasant rebels formed units, elected commanders and began to fight both the [[Red Army]] as well as local pro-government paramilitaries.{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|pp=102, 107}} The main rebel detachements were once again led by Lubkov and Novoselov;{{sfnp|Brovkin|1994|p=379}} the latter was based at [[Zhulanikha]]<ref name="Mintz"/> and Julianikh. The fact that conservative Whites and anarchists allied during this rebellion showcased how desperate both groups had become in resisting the the Red Army. Nevertheless, Novoselov planned to immediately turn on the Whites in the case of victory.<ref name="libcom">{{cite web| url = https://libcom.org/history/1900-1923-anarchism-in-siberia | title = 1900-1923: Anarchism in Siberia | date = 13 September 2006 |author= Steven | work = Libcom.org | access-date = 20 July 2019 }}</ref> In February 1921, a battalion of the 308th Regiment (5th Red Army's 35th Division) as well as several regiments of local paramilitaries defeated Novoselov's detachement near Sorokino. About 400 rebels as well as five Red Army were killed in this action. The rest of Novoselov's forces retreated towards Barnaul.<ref name="kuzbass">{{cite web| url = http://visit-kuzbass.ru/en/chto-posetit/dostoprimechatelnosti/pamyatniki/240-bratskaya-mogila-krasnoarmeycev-uk.html | title = Common Grave of Red Army Soldiers | date = |author= | work = Kemerovo Oblast | access-date = 20 July 2019 }}</ref> The further course of the rebellion is not well documented, but the government eventually crushed the uprising,{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=94}} and went on to denounce the rebels as rich [[Kulak]]s and bandits.{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|pp=106, 107}} |
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== Aftermath == |
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| ⚫ | The history of the Sorokino rebellion eventually regained some importance when [[NKVD Order No. 00447]] was implemented in 1937, as many former rebels were again put on trial and convicted,{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|pp=92, 93}} with those identified as insurgent commanders{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=97}} and former White Army officers mostly being executed.{{sfnp|Jusopova|2010|p=103}} |
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In 1972, a monument was erected in [[Guryevsk, Kemerovo Oblast|Guryevsk]] for the five Red Army soldiers who had been killed at Sorokino during the rebellion. The monument includes a plaque with the inscription "To those who died for the cause of the proletariat eternal memory!"<ref name="kuzbass"/> |
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== Notes == |
== Notes == |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist |
{{Reflist}} |
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== |
=== Works cited === |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*{{cite book |
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|last= Brovkin |
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|first= Vladimir N. |
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|authorlink= |
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|ref=harv |
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|title= Behind the Front Lines of the Civil War: Political Parties and Social Movements in Russia, 1918-1922 |
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|url= https://books.google.de/books?id=A7p9BgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false |
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|date=1994 |
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|publisher=Princeton University Press |
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|location=Princeton, New Jersey |
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|isbn=0-691-03278-5 |
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| ⚫ | |||
*{{cite book |
*{{cite book |
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|last= Jusopova |
|last= Jusopova |
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| Line 50: | Line 75: | ||
|location=[[Berlin]] |
|location=[[Berlin]] |
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|isbn=978-3-05-004685-3 |
|isbn=978-3-05-004685-3 |
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| ⚫ | |||
|page= |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
{{refend}} |
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[[Category:20th-century rebellions]] |
[[Category:20th-century rebellions]] |
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[[Category:Anti-Bolshevik uprisings]] |
[[Category:Anti-Bolshevik uprisings]] |
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Revision as of 19:13, 20 July 2019
| Sorokino rebellion | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Russian Civil War and the Left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Alliance of peasant rebels, anarchists, and White Army veterans |
 Russian SFSR | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
I. P. Novoselov P. K. Lubkov E. P. Listkov[a] | Unknown | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| Several detachements |
| ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 5,000–10,000[3] | Unknown | ||||||
The Peasant rebellion of Sorokino,[3] officially called the Kulak Rebellion of Sorokino[4] by the Soviet authorities, was a popular uprising against the Soviet policy of war communism in what is today Altai Krai and Kemerovo Oblast.
Prelude
After the Bolsheviks assumed control of the Russian government in the October Revolution of 1917, they implemented various policies which were unpopular among the country's rural population. As result, various anti-Communist peasant uprising erupted during the Russian Civil War. One of the largest and widespread rebellions took place in Siberia from mid-1920, after the Russian SFSR's tax policy had effectively destroyed the economic basis of many peasants.[5] This revolt also affected the Altai Mountains, where the rebels were led by veteran anarchist partisans under I. P. Novoselov, P. K. Lubkov, and others.[5][6] The Red Army managed to suppress this insurgency by fall 1920, and the revolting peasants were severely punsished.[5] Many anarchist insurgents including Novoselov and Lubkov managed to escape the government forces, however, and went into hiding.[6]
Rebellion
A new wave of uprisings in the Altai region[5] began in January 1921,[6] motivated by the fact that the Communist policies had plunged the local rural population into destitution. The peasants took up arms in order to force the communist government from their lands,[7] and received support by rural rebels who had already taken part in the 1920 rebellion.[5] The uprising spread across a "huge"[5] area to the east of Barnaul and north of Biysk,[4] where around 5,000–10,000 armed peasants[3] rallied around the mottos "For a clean Soviet power" and "Soviets without communists".[3] The center of the rebellion was the locality of Sorokino.[3]
Supported by White Army veterans[8] as well as anarchist partisans,[6] the peasant rebels formed units, elected commanders and began to fight both the Red Army as well as local pro-government paramilitaries.[9] The main rebel detachements were once again led by Lubkov and Novoselov;[5] the latter was based at Zhulanikha[6] and Julianikh. The fact that conservative Whites and anarchists allied during this rebellion showcased how desperate both groups had become in resisting the the Red Army. Nevertheless, Novoselov planned to immediately turn on the Whites in the case of victory.[10] In February 1921, a battalion of the 308th Regiment (5th Red Army's 35th Division) as well as several regiments of local paramilitaries defeated Novoselov's detachement near Sorokino. About 400 rebels as well as five Red Army were killed in this action. The rest of Novoselov's forces retreated towards Barnaul.[11] The further course of the rebellion is not well documented, but the government eventually crushed the uprising,[7] and went on to denounce the rebels as rich Kulaks and bandits.[12]
Aftermath
The history of the Sorokino rebellion eventually regained some importance when NKVD Order No. 00447 was implemented in 1937, as many former rebels were again put on trial and convicted,[13] with those identified as insurgent commanders[14] and former White Army officers mostly being executed.[15]
In 1972, a monument was erected in Guryevsk for the five Red Army soldiers who had been killed at Sorokino during the rebellion. The monument includes a plaque with the inscription "To those who died for the cause of the proletariat eternal memory!"[11]
Notes
- ^ Even though Elistar Petrovič Listkov, a former Imperial Russian Army soldier and World War I veteran, reportedly served as rebel commander during the uprising, he was not put on trial until 1938, leaving the actual extent of his activity as insurgent unclear. In that year, he was convicted and executed in course of the NKVD Order No. 00447 purges.[1]
- ^ The Časti osobogo naznačeniâ (ČON) were paramilitary units that were organized by the RCP(b) to combat counter-revolutionary groups since 1919.[2]
References
- ^ Jusopova (2010), pp. 106–108.
- ^ a b Jusopova (2010), p. 102.
- ^ a b c d e Jusopova (2010), p. 92.
- ^ a b Jusopova (2010), p. 107.
- ^ a b c d e f g Brovkin (1994), p. 379.
- ^ a b c d e Frank Mintz. "A Siberian 'Makhnovshchina' [Review]". Kate Sharpley Library. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
- ^ a b Jusopova (2010), p. 94.
- ^ Jusopova (2010), pp. 103, 104.
- ^ Jusopova (2010), pp. 102, 107.
- ^ Steven (13 September 2006). "1900-1923: Anarchism in Siberia". Libcom.org. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
- ^ a b "Common Grave of Red Army Soldiers". Kemerovo Oblast. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
- ^ Jusopova (2010), pp. 106, 107.
- ^ Jusopova (2010), pp. 92, 93.
- ^ Jusopova (2010), p. 97.
- ^ Jusopova (2010), p. 103.
Works cited
- Brovkin, Vladimir N. (1994). Behind the Front Lines of the Civil War: Political Parties and Social Movements in Russia, 1918-1922. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-03278-5.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Jusopova, Evgenija (2010). "Vorgehen gegen die Teilnehmer des Aufstandes von Sorokino in der Altaj-Region". In Rolf Binner; Bernd Bonwetsch; Marc Junge (eds.). Stalinismus in der sowjetischen Provinz 1937–1938. Die Massenaktion aufgrund des operativen Befehls No. 00447 (in German). Berlin: Akademie Verlag. pp. 91–109. ISBN 978-3-05-004685-3.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)