Eucalyptus pauciflora: Difference between revisions
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Six subspecies are recognised by the [[Australian Plant Census]] as at 30 November 2019: |
Six subspecies are recognised by the [[Australian Plant Census]] as at 30 November 2019: |
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* [[Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. acerina|''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''acerina'']] <small>[[Kevin James Rule|Rule]]</small> occurs in Victoria;<ref name="APC1">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''acerina'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/119558|website=Australian Plant Census |accessdate=13 December 2019}}</ref> |
* [[Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. acerina|''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''acerina'']] <small>[[Kevin James Rule|Rule]]</small> occurs in Victoria;<ref name="APC1">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''acerina'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/119558|website=Australian Plant Census |accessdate=13 December 2019}}</ref> |
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* [[Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. debeuzevillei|''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''debeuzevillei'']] <small>([[Joseph Maiden|Maiden]]) [[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|L.A.S.Johnson]] & [[Donald Frederick Blaxell|Blaxell]]</small> in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory;<ref name="APC2">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''debeuzevillei'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/87619|website=Australian Plant Census |accessdate=13 December 2019}}</ref> |
* [[Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. debeuzevillei|''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''debeuzevillei'']] <small>([[Joseph Maiden|Maiden]]) [[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|L.A.S.Johnson]] & [[Donald Frederick Blaxell|Blaxell]]</small> in Victoria, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory;<ref name="APC2">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''debeuzevillei'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/87619|website=Australian Plant Census |accessdate=13 December 2019}}</ref> |
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* [[Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. hedraia|''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''hedraia'']] <small>Rule</small> in Victoria;<ref name="APC3">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''hedraia'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/119559|website=Australian Plant Census |accessdate=13 December 2019}}</ref> |
* [[Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. hedraia|''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''hedraia'']] <small>Rule</small> in Victoria;<ref name="APC3">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''hedraia'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/119559|website=Australian Plant Census |accessdate=13 December 2019}}</ref> |
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* [[Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. niphophila|''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''niphophila'']] <small>(Maiden & [[William Blakely|Blakely]]) L.A.S.Johnson & Blaxell</small> in New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Victoria;<ref name="APC4">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''niphophila'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/87657|website=Australian Plant Census |accessdate=13 December 2019}}</ref> |
* [[Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. niphophila|''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''niphophila'']] <small>(Maiden & [[William Blakely|Blakely]]) L.A.S.Johnson & Blaxell</small> in New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Victoria;<ref name="APC4">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' subsp. ''niphophila'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/87657|website=Australian Plant Census |accessdate=13 December 2019}}</ref> |
Revision as of 02:54, 14 December 2019
Snow gum | |
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Eucalyptus pauciflora near Thredbo | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Myrtales |
Family: | Myrtaceae |
Genus: | Eucalyptus |
Species: | E. pauciflora
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Binomial name | |
Eucalyptus pauciflora | |
Synonyms[1] | |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/SnowGumTrunk.jpg/220px-SnowGumTrunk.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Eucalyptus_pauciflora1.jpg/220px-Eucalyptus_pauciflora1.jpg)
Eucalyptus pauciflora, commonly known as snow gum, cabbage gum or white sallee,[2] is a species of tree or mallee that is native to eastern Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped to elliptical leaves, flower buds in clusters of between seven and fifteen, white flowers and cup-shaped, conical or hemispherical fruit. It is widespread and locally common in woodland in cold sites above 700 m (2,300 ft) altitude.
Description
Eucalyptus pauciflora is a tree or mallee, that typically grows to a height of 20–30 m (66–98 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth white, grey or yellow bark that is shed in ribbons and sometimes has insect scribbles. Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull, bluish green or glaucous, broadly lance-shaped to egg-shaped leaves that are 44–170 mm (1.7–6.7 in) long and 20–85 mm (0.79–3.35 in) wide. Adult leaves are the same shade of glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped to curved or elliptical, 60–200 mm (2.4–7.9 in) long and 12–50 mm (0.47–1.97 in) wide, tapering to a petiole 8–33 mm (0.31–1.30 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in cluster of between seven and fifteen, sometimes more, on an unbranched peduncle 3–15 mm (0.12–0.59 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels up to 6 mm (0.24 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 4–8 mm (0.16–0.31 in) long and 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) wide with a conical to rounded operculum. Flowering occurs from October to February and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cup-shaped, conical or hemispherical capsule 5–11 mm (0.20–0.43 in) long and wide.[2][3][4][5]
Taxonomy
Eucalyptus pauciflora was first formally described in 1827 by Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel from an unpublished description by Franz Sieber. Sprengel published the description in Systema Vegetabilium.[6][7] The specific epithet pauciflora is Latin for 'few-flowered'.[8][9] The term pauciflora (few-flowered) is a misnomer, and may originate in an early collected specimen losing its buds in transit.[10]
Six subspecies are recognised by the Australian Plant Census as at 30 November 2019:
- Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. acerina Rule occurs in Victoria;[11]
- Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. debeuzevillei (Maiden) L.A.S.Johnson & Blaxell in Victoria, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory;[12]
- Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. hedraia Rule in Victoria;[13]
- Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. niphophila (Maiden & Blakely) L.A.S.Johnson & Blaxell in New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Victoria;[14]
- Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. parvifructa Rule in Victoria;[15]
- Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieber ex Spreng. subsp. pauciflora is found in Queensland, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victora and Tasmania.[16]
Distribution and habitat
Snow gum grows in woodland along the ranges and tablelands, in flat, cold sites above 700 m (2,300 ft) from the far south-east of Queensland, through New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, and Victoria, to near Mount Gambier in South Australia and Tasmania.
In Tasmania the species hybridises with Eucalyptus coccifera and Eucalyptus amygdalina.[17]
Ecology
Snow gum is amongst the hardiest of all eucalyptus species, surviving the severe winter temperatures of the Australian Alps.[10] The species regenerates from seed, by epicormic shoots below the bark, and from lignotubers. It is the most cold-tolerant species of eucalyptus, with E. pauciflora subsp. niphophila surviving temperatures down to −23 °C (−9 °F) and year-round frosts. It has been introduced to Norway.[18]
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image showing the tree's ability to survive in deep snow
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image showing how the branches bend rather than break with the weight of the snow and how this causes snow to be lost from the leaves]]
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Snow gum woodland below the tree line
References
- ^ a b "Eucalyptus pauciflora". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ a b "Eucalyptus pauciflora". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus pauciflora". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ Brooker, M. Ian H.; Slee, Andrew V. "Eucalyptus pauciflora". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ Hill, Ken. "Eucalyptus pauciflora". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ "Eucalyptus pauciflora". APNI. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ Sprengel, Kurt P.J. (1827). Curae Posteriores in Systema Vegetabilium (17 ed.). New York: Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichianae. p. 195. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ Allen J. Coombes The A to Z of Plant Names: A Quick Reference Guide to 4000 Garden Plants, p. 106, at Google Books
- ^ D. Gledhill The Names of Plants, p. 220, at Google Books
- ^ a b "Eucalyptus pauciflora". Kew Royal Botanic Gardens. Archived from the original on 2013-03-12. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
- ^ "Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. acerina". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ "Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. debeuzevillei". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ "Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. hedraia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ "Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. niphophila". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ "Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. parvifructa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ "Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. parvifructa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, J. B. & Backhouse, Sue. (2004), Native trees of Tasmania illustrations Sue Backhouse Pandani Press, Sandy Bay, Tas. (Seventh Edition) ISBN 0-646-43088-2. pp. 92-93
- ^ "Snow gum in Norway". Archived from the original on 2009-06-18.
Further reading
- Iglesias Trabado, Gustavo (2007). Eucalyptus from Alpine Australia. Notes on taxonomy and cultivation in cold temperate climates, In: EUCALYPTOLOGICS