Visa requirements for Japanese citizens: Difference between revisions
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*90 days within any 180 day period in the [[Schengen Area]] |
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Revision as of 22:40, 24 March 2020
Visa requirements for Japanese citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Japan.
As of 7 January 2020,[update] Japanese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 191 countries and territories, ranking the Japanese passport the strongest passport in the world in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]
Besides the Japanese passport, there are only 3 other passports that provide either visa-free entry, or entry via an electronic travel authorisation, to the world's four largest economies: China (visa-free, 15 days), India (visa on arrival, 60 days, or e-Visa, 60 days), the European Union (visa-free, 90 days within 180 days), and the United States (ESTA required for arrivals by air and sea, 90 days): those of Brunei, San Marino and Singapore.
Visa requirements map
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Visa_requirements_for_Japanese_citizens.png/810px-Visa_requirements_for_Japanese_citizens.png)
2020 travel restrictions
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/COVID-19_outbreak_associated_travel_restrictions.png/600px-COVID-19_outbreak_associated_travel_restrictions.png)
As a result of 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic several countries have imposed temporary travel restrictions on Japanese citizens or persons arriving from Japan.[2]
China - 14 day quarantine for visitors from Japan.
Cook Inseln - visitors who have been in Japan in the previous 14 days are not allowed to enter.
Indien - visitors who have been in Japan after 1 February 2020 are not allowed to enter.
Iraq - visitors who have been in Japan in the previous 14 days are not allowed to enter.
Israel - visitors who have been in Japan in the previous 14 days are not allowed to enter.
Kiribati - visitors who have been in Japan in the previous 14 days are not allowed to enter.
Kuwait - nationals of Japan are not allowed to enter.
Kirgisistan - visitors who have been in Japan in the previous 20 days are not allowed to enter.
Marshallinseln - visitors who have been in Japan after 31 December 2019 days are not allowed to enter.
Mongolei - visitors who have been in Japan in the previous 14 days are not allowed to enter.
Oman - 14 day quarantine for visitors from Japan.
Paraguay - 14 day quarantine for visitors from Japan.
Katar - 14 day quarantine for visitors from Japan.
St. Lucia - visitors who have been in Japan in the previous 14 days are not allowed to enter.
St. Vincent und die Grenadinen - visitors who have been in Japan in the previous 14 days are not allowed to enter.
Samoa - visitors who have been in Japan in the previous 14 days are not allowed to enter.
Salomonen - visitors who have been in Japan in the previous 14 days are not allowed to enter.
Südkorea - visa requirement was introduced for Japanese citizens and a mandatory two-week quarantine for Japanese visitors.[3]
Vanuatu - visitors who have been in Japan in the previous 14 days are not allowed to enter.
Visa requirements
Visa requirements for holders of normal passports travelling for tourist purposes:
Land | Visa requirement | Allowed stay | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
---|---|---|---|
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Visa required[4] | ||
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Visa not required[5] | 90 days | |
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Visa required[6] | ||
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Visa not required[7] | ||
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eVisa[8][9] | 30 days |
|
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Visa not required[12] | 1 month | |
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Visa not required[13] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[14] | 180 days | |
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Electronic Travel Authority[15] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[16] | 6 months[17] however |
|
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[18] | 30 days |
|
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Visa not required[20] | 3 Monate | |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[21] | 14 days | |
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Visa on arrival[22] | 30 days |
|
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Visa not required[24] | 6 Monate | |
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Visa not required[25] | 30 days |
|
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Visa not required[26] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[27][28] | 90 days | |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[29][30] | 30 days / 8 days |
|
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Visa required[31] | ||
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Visa not required[32] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[33] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[34] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[35] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[36] | 14 days | |
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Visa not required[37] | 90 days |
|
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Visa required[38] | ||
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Visa required[39] | ||
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[40] | 30 days | |
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Visa required[41] | ||
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Visa not required[42] | 6 Monate | |
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Visa not required[44] | ||
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Visa required[45] | ||
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Visa required[46] | ||
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Visa not required[47] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[48] | 15 days | |
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Visa not required[49] | 180 days |
|
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Visa on arrival[50] | ||
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Visa required[51][52] | ||
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Visa required[53] | ||
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Visa not required[54] | 90 days | |
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eVisa[55] | ||
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Visa not required[56] | 90 days |
|
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Tourist Card required[57] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[58] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[59] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[60] | 90 days |
|
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eVisa[61] | 31 days | |
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Visa not required[62] | 6 Monate | |
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Visa not required[63] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[64] | 90 days[65] | |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[66][67] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[68] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa required[69] | ||
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Visa required[70] | ||
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Visa not required[71] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[72] | 30 days[65] | |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[73] | up to 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[76] | 4 months | |
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Visa not required[77] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[78] | 90 days |
|
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[79] |
| |
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Visa not required[81] |
| |
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Visa not required[83] | 1 year | |
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Visa not required[84] | 90 days |
|
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Visa required[85] | ||
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Visa not required[86] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[87] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa not required[88] | 90 days | |
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eVisa[89] | 90 days | |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[90] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[91] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa not required[92] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa not required[93] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa not required[94] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[95] | 90 days |
|
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[96][97] | 60 days |
|
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Visa not required[100] | 30 days | |
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Visa on arrival[101] | 30 days[102] | |
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Visa required[103] | ||
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Visa not required[104] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa not required[105] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa not required[106] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[107] | 30 days | |
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Visa on arrival[108] | ||
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Visa not required[111] | 30 days | |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[112] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa not required[113] | 30 days | |
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Visa required[114] | ||
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[115] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa not required[116] | 60 days | |
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Visa not required[117] | 15 days | |
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Visa not required[118] | 90 days |
|
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Visa on arrival[119] | 1 month |
|
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Visa not required[120] | 90 days | |
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Visa required[121] | ||
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Visa required[122] | ||
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Visa not required[123] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[124] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[125] | 90 days |
|
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[126] | 90 days | |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[127][128] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[129] | 90 days | |
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Free visa on arrival[130] | 30 days[65] | |
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Visa required[131][132] | ||
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Visa not required[133] | 90 days |
|
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Visa on arrival[134] | 90 days | |
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Visa on arrival[135] |
| |
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Visa not required[136] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[137] | 180 days | |
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Visa not required[138] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[139] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[140] | ||
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Visa not required[141] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[142] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[143] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa on arrival[144] | 30 days[145] | |
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Visa not required[146] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[147] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa required[148] | ||
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Visa on arrival[149] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[150] | 90 days |
|
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Electronic Travel Authority[151] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[153] | 90 days | |
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Visa required[154] | ||
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Visa required[155] | ||
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Visa not required[156] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[157] | 90 days |
|
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eVisa[158] | 30 days | |
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Electronic Travel Authorization[159] | ||
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Free visa on arrival[163] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[164] | 180 days | |
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eVisa / Free visa on arrival[165] | 60 days | |
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Visa not required[166] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[167] | 183 days | |
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Visa not required[168] | 30 days |
|
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Visa not required[169] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[170] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[171] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[172] | 90 days |
|
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Visa required[173] |
| |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[175] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[176] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa not required[177] | 6 weeks | |
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Visa not required[178] | 1 month | |
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Free Entry Permit on arrival[179] | 60 days | |
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Visa not required[180] | ||
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Visa not required[181] | 15 days[182][183] | |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[184][185] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[186] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[187] | 90 days |
|
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Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[188] | 3 months[65] | |
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Visa not required[189] | 30 days | |
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Visa on arrival[190] | ||
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Visa not required[191] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[192] | 90 days |
|
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Visitor's permit on arrival[193] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa on arrival[194] | 30 days |
|
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Visa not required[195] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[196] | 90 days | |
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Visa required[197] | ||
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Visa not required[198] | 90 days |
|
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[199] | 30 days | |
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Visa required[200] | ||
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Visa not required[201] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[202] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[203] | 90 days |
|
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Visa required[204] | ||
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eVisa[205] | 45 days [206] | |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[207][208] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa not required[209] | 30 days |
|
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Visa on arrival[210] | 30 days |
|
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Visa on arrival[212] | 7 Tage | |
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Visa on arrival[213] | 31 days | |
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Visa not required[214] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[215] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[216] | 3 Monate | |
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Visa required[217] | ||
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Visa on arrival[218] | 1 month[65] | |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[219] | 3 Monate |
|
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Visa not required[221] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[222] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[223] | 6 Monate | |
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Visa Waiver Program[224] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[226] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[227] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[228] | 30 days[65] | |
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Visa not required[229] | ||
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Visa not required[230] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[231] | 15 days |
|
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Visa required[233] | ||
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[234] | 90 days |
|
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[235] | 3 Monate |
|
Territories, disputed areas or restricted zones
Visa requirements for Japanese citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:
Europa | ||
---|---|---|
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
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Visa required[236] | |
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Special permit required | Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[237][238] |
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Visa not required | Visa-free for 10 days[239] |
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Visa required | Visa policy of Russia applies de facto.[240] |
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Visa not required | 3 months[241][242] |
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Access Permit required[243] | Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas. |
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Visa not required[244] | |
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Visa not required[245] | |
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Visa not required[246] | |
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Visa not required[247] | |
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Permit required[248] | Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[249] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[250] |
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Visa not required[251] | |
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Visa not required | 90 days[252] |
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Visa required[253][254] | Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[255] |
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Restricted area | Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine.[256][257] |
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Special authorization required | Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[258] |
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Visa not required | Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[259][260] |
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Visa not required | Registration required after 24h.[261][262] |
Africa | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
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Travel permit required | To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[263] |
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Visa not required[264] | |
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Visa not required[264] | |
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eVisa[265][266] |
|
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Visitor's Pass required | Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[267] |
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Permission required | Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[268] |
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Visa required | Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory. |
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Visa on arrival | 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[269][270] |
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Travel permit required | All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit. |
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Travel permit required | Separate travel permit is required.[271] |
Asia | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
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Special permit required | Special permit required.[272] |
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Visa not required[273] | 3 months[274] |
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PAP/RAP required | Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[275][276][277][278][279] |
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Visa on arrival | 15 days[280] |
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Special permission required | Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[281] |
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Visa not required | Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[282] |
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Visa not required[283] | 90 days |
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Visa not required | These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[284] |
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Permission required | Tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[285] |
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Special permit required | People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving) |
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Visa not required[286] | Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[287] |
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Visa not required[288] | 90 days |
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OIVR permit required | OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[289][290][291] |
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TTP required | Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[292][293][294] |
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Special permit required | A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[295] |
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Restricted area | |
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Restricted area | |
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Special permission required | Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[296] |
Caribbean and North Atlantic | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
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Visa not required[297] | 3 Monate |
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Visa not required[298] | 30 days, extendable to 180 days[299] |
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Visa not required | Up to 6 months, decided on arrival.[300] |
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Visa not required[301] | 3 months[302] |
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Visa not required[303] | 30 days, extensions possible |
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Tourist Card on arrival | Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[304] |
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Visa not required[305] | 6 Monate |
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Visa not required[306] | 3 Monate |
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Visa not required[307] | |
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Visa not required | French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[308] |
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Visa not required[244] | |
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Visa not required | All visitors are fingerprinted.[309] |
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Visa not required[310] | 6 Monate |
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Visa not required[311] | Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required. |
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Visa not required[264] | |
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Visa not required[312] | 3 months[313] |
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Visa not required[314] | 90 days |
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Visa not required[315] | Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required. |
Oceania | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
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Electronic authorization[316] | 30 days |
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Special authorisation required | Special authorisation required.[317] |
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Special permit required | Special permit required.[318] |
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Visa not required[319] | 31 days |
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Special permission required | Special permission required.[320] |
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Visa not required[321] | |
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Visa not required[322] | 45 days |
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Visa not required[264] | |
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Visa on arrival[323] | 30 days |
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Visa not required[324] | 45 days |
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Visa not required | 14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.[325][326][327] |
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Special permits required | Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[328][329][330][331][332][333][334] |
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Visa not required[264] | |
South America | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
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Pre-registration required | Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[335] |
South Atlantic and Antarctica | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
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Visa not required | Visa is not required.[336] |
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Permit required | Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[337][338] |
Antarktis | Special permits required for ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
APEC Business Travel Card
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/APEC_Business_Travel_Card_Member_States.svg/350px-APEC_Business_Travel_Card_Member_States.svg.png)
Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[351]
|
1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days
3 – up to 59 days
The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[352]
- no need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by
Kanada and
Vereinigte Staaten)
- undertake legitimate business in participating economies
- expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
- expedited scheduling of visa interview (United States)
Consular protection of Japanese citizens abroad
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Diplomatic_missions_of_Japan.png/700px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Japan.png)
Non-visa restrictions
Blank passport pages
Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[353] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.
Vaccination
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg/220px-The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg)
Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[354] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[355]
Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[356][357]
Passport validity length
Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.
However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[358][359] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[360]
Some countries, such as Japan,[361] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[362] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.
In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[363] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[364] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[365] Philippines,[366] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[367]
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.
Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.
Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.
Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[368] and South Africa.
Criminal record
Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[369] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.
Persona non grata
The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning him from entering the country or expelling him if he has already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[370]
Israeli stamps
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Border_Control_Entry_Permit_Israel.jpg/220px-Border_Control_Entry_Permit_Israel.jpg)
Kuwait,[371] Lebanon,[372] Libya,[373] Syria,[374] and Yemen[375] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.
To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017[update]) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]
Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.
Biometrics
Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[376]
Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[377][378] Argentina,[379] Brunei, Cambodia,[380] China,[381] Ethiopia,[382] Ghana, Guinea,[383] India, Japan,[384][385] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[386] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[387] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[388] Singapore, South Korea,[389] Taiwan, Thailand,[390] Uganda,[391] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[392][393][394] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[395]
Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[396] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[397][398] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[399] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[400][401]
See also
References and Notes
- References
- ^ "The Henley Passport Index" (PDF). Henley & Partners Holdings Ltd. 7 January 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
This graph shows the full Global Ranking of the 2020 Henley Passport Index. As the index uses dense ranking, in certain cases, a rank is shared by multiple countries because these countries all have the same level of visa-free or visa-on-arrival access.
- ^ CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK IN CHINA (PEOPLE'S REP.) - UPDATE, International Air Transport Association Travel Centre
- ^ [1]
- ^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
- ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
- ^ SME E-VISA[dead link]
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Angola: Migration Service to Speed Up Visa Exemption Procedure
- ^ "Visa and passport". Timatic. International Air Transport Association through Emirates. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ^ Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
- ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
- ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
- ^ Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
- ^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
- ^ "在オーストリア日本国大使館 | 領事サービス | オーストリアへの渡航・滞在にあたって | 無査証での滞在". At.emb-japan.go.jp. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
- ^ Electronic Visa System of Azerbaijan Republic
- ^ eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
- ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Available at Shahjalal International Airport, Shah Amanat International Airport and Osmani International Airport only.
- ^ Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
- ^ Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
- ^ Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
- ^ Do you need a visa to travel to Belize?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Immigration, Belize, July 2023.
- ^ "Belize expands visa waivers". Archived from the original on 2014-12-22. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
- ^ Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
- ^ eVisa Benin
- ^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
- ^ Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
- ^ Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- ^ Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
- ^ Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
- ^ Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
- ^ Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Please select all that apply (2017-07-26). "canada.ca/eTA". Canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-10-23. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
- ^ List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
- ^ Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
- ^ eVisa
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ a b c d e f Extendable length of stay.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Egypt e-Visa Portal". Ministry of Interior (Egypt). Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Ethiopia visa on arrival". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
- ^ "Ethiopia electronic visa". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
- ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Gabon e-Visa". Evisa.dgdi.ga. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "ENTRY INTO THE GAMBIA. GAMBIA IMMIGRATION DEPARTMENT". gid.gov.gm. 2017-12-23. Retrieved 2017-12-23.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Guinea eVisa
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
- ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
- ^ "Indian e-Visa". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
- ^ "Indian Visa on arrival". Bureau of Immigration, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
- ^ e-Visa
- ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Iran extends airport visa validity to 30 days". Tehrantimes.com. 2015-08-04. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
- ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
- ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Visa Information". Timatic. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
- ^ Visa on arrival obtainable at most international ports of entry and at most international land border crossings (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge crossing).
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ eCitizen. "Republic of Kenya – eCitizen portal". Immigration.ecitizen.go.ke. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Kuwait eVisa". Evisa.moi.gov.kw. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
- ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
- ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
- ^ eVisa Madagascar
- ^ [2]
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Mozambique Government Announces 30-day Tourist Visas now Available at Borders for all Visitors". Mozambicanhotels.com. 2017-03-04. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ The amended announcement of Visa Exemption to enter Myanmar for ordinary passport holders of Japan and South Korea
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Information about NZeTA". Immigration New Zealand.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
- ^ "Sultanate of Oman – Royal Oman Police – eVisa". Evisa.rop.gov.om. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ [3]
- ^ [4]
- ^ [5]
- ^ [6]
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ eVisa, Papua New Guinea (PNG) Immigration and Citizenship Authority (ICA)
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
- ^ Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
- ^ [7]
- ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "The list of foreign States whose nationals can apply for e-visa". Consular Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Escrito por MNEC STP (2017-12-11). "Nota Informativa sobre Isenção de Vistos e Permanencia em São Tomé e Príncipe". Mnec.gov.st. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ "Ministério Negócios Estrangeiros e... – Ministério Negócios Estrangeiros e Comunidades de São Tomé Príncipe". Facebook. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ Visit Saudi Visa
- ^ New Saudi Arabia tourist visas: everything you need to know
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
- ^ Visa regimes and visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden, Government of Sweden.
- ^ Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Tajikistan e-Visa". Evisa.tj. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ eVisa Tanzania
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Obtainable at the Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport or at the Dili Sea Port.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Uganda Electronic Visa/Permit Application System". Visas.immigration.go.ug. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ UK visa requirements: list for carriers, Government of the United Kingdom, 2 October 2017.
- ^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
- ^ "Citizen of Visa Waiver Country, wants to drive into U.S. from Canada or Mexico, or arrive at a port of call in the U.S. by cruise ship". Help.cbp.gov. 2018-04-24. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ E-visa
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-06-23. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
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- ^ "Visa-free travel time up to ten days in parts of Brest Oblast, Grodno Oblast as from 1 January". Eng.belta.by. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b "Entry requirements – Denmark travel advice". GOV.UK. 2016-01-04. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
- ^ Visas and immigration, Government of Gibraltar.
- ^ "Do I require an entry clearance/ VISA". Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
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The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
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African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
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African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
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Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
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Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
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Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
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You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
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Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
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Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
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Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
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- ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
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Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
- ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
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The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
- ^ Roberts, Jeff John (12 September 2016). "Homeland Security Plans to Expand Fingerprint and Eye Scanning at Borders". Fortune. Fortune Media IP Limited. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
Unlike with documents, it's very hard for a traveler to present a forged copy of a fingerprint or iris. That's why the U.S. Department of Homeland Security plans to vastly expand the amount of biometric data it collects at the borders. According to Passcode, a new program will ramp up a process to scan fingers and eyes in order to stop people entering and exiting the country on someone else's passport.
- ^ "Singapore tests eye scans at immigration checkpoints". Reuters. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
Singapore has started scanning travellers' eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.
- ^ Lee, Vivien (6 August 2018). "5 Reasons We Prefer Iris Scans To Fingerprint Checks At Our Borders In Singapore". Retrieved 24 April 2019.
The iris technology could potentially scan irises covertly, as opposed to the scanning of thumbprints which necessitates active participation.
- Notes