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'''Rosh yeshiva''' ({{lang-he-n|ראש ישיבה}}; [[plural|pl]]. [[Hebrew language|Heb]]. ''{{transl|he|roshei yeshiva}}''; pl. [[Yeshivish (dialect)|Yeshivish]]: ''rosh yeshivahs'') is the title given to the dean of a [[Yeshiva|Talmudical academy]] (''[[yeshiva]]''). It is a [[compound word]] of the Hebrew words ''rosh'' ("head") and ''yeshiva'' (a school of religious Jewish education). The rosh yeshiva is required to have a comprehensive knowledge of the [[Talmud]] and the ability to analyse and present new perspectives, called ''[[chidush]]im'' ([[wikt:novellae|novellae]]) verbally and often in print.
'''Rosh yeshiva''', ({{lang-he-n|ראש ישיבה}}, [[plural|pl]]. {{lang-he-n|ראשי ישיבה}} , ''{{transl|he|roshei yeshiva}}'', and pl. [[Yeshivish (dialect)|Yeshivish]], ''rosh yeshivahs'') is the title given to the dean of a [[Yeshiva|Talmudical academy]] (''[[yeshiva]]''). It is a [[compound word]] of the Hebrew words ''rosh'' ("head") and ''yeshiva'' (a school of religious Jewish education). The Rosh Yeshiva is required to have a comprehensive knowledge of the [[Talmud]] and the ability to analyse and present new perspectives, called ''[[chidush]]im'' ([[wikt:novellae|novellae]]) verbally and often in print.


==Role==
==Role==
The primary role of the rosh yeshiva is not simply to be the dean, but is generally to give the highest-level lecture in the yeshiva, which is usually a program of at least two years. Students who have studied in a yeshiva are generally known as "students of the rosh yeshiva", as his lecture is the one in which they usually attain their method of Talmudic analysis and critical reasoning, and this method is based on the particular style of that rosh yeshiva. In addition, since yeshivas play a central role in the life of certain communities within [[Orthodox Judaism]], the position of rosh yeshiva is more than just his position within the yeshiva. A rosh yeshiva is often seen as a pillar of leadership in extended communities. In [[Hasidic Judaism]], the role of rosh yeshiva is secondary to the [[rebbe]], who is head of the Hasidic dynasty that controls it. In many Hasidic groups, the rosh yeshiva of a school will be the son or son-in-law of the rebbe, the assumed heir of the rebbe. However, the role that yeshivohs have within Hasidic communities is not nearly as important as it is in Lithuanian Jewish ([[Litvishe]]) communities. Hasidic students usually get married at the age of 18, which – in most cases – is the end of their yeshiva education, while students in the Lithuanian Jewish communities continue to study, at a minimum till they get married starting at age 23, and the vast majority continue their studies after marriage. As a result, the role that a rosh yeshiva plays in Lithuanian Jewish communities is much more important than in the Hasidic ones.
The primary role of the rosh yeshiva is not simply to be the dean, but is generally to give the highest-level lecture in the yeshiva, which is usually a program of at least two years. Students who have studied in a yeshiva are generally known as "students of the Rosh Yeshiva", as his lecture is the one in which they usually attain their method of Talmudic analysis and critical reasoning, and this method is based on the particular style of that rosh yeshiva. In addition, since yeshivas play a central role in the life of certain communities within [[Orthodox Judaism]], the position of rosh yeshiva is more than just his position within the yeshiva. A rosh yeshiva is often seen as a pillar of leadership in extended communities. In [[Hasidic Judaism]], the role of rosh yeshiva is secondary to the [[Rebbe]], who is head of the Hasidic dynasty that controls it. In many Hasidic groups, the rosh yeshiva of a school will be the son or son-in-law of the rebbe, the assumed heir of the rebbe. However, the role that yeshivohs have within Hasidic communities is not nearly as important as it is in Lithuanian Jewish ([[Litvishe]]) communities. Hasidic students usually get married at the age of 18, which – in most cases – is the end of their yeshiva education. Students in the Lithuanian Jewish communities typically continue to study until they get married starting at around age 23, with the vast majority continuing their studies in a [[Kollel]] after marriage. As a result, the role that a rosh yeshiva plays in Lithuanian Jewish communities is much more important than in the Hasidic ones.


==History==
==History==
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The general role of the rosh yeshiva is to oversee the Talmudic studies and [[halakha|practical]] matters. The rosh yeshiva will often give the highest ''[[Shiur (Torah)|shiur]]'' (class). He is also the one to decide whether to grant permission for students to undertake classes for rabbinical ordination, known as ''[[semicha]]''.
The general role of the rosh yeshiva is to oversee the Talmudic studies and [[halakha|practical]] matters. The rosh yeshiva will often give the highest ''[[Shiur (Torah)|shiur]]'' (class). He is also the one to decide whether to grant permission for students to undertake classes for rabbinical ordination, known as ''[[semicha]]''.


==Rosh yeshiva dynasties==
==Rosh Yeshiva dynasties==
Depending on the size of the yeshiva, there may be several rosh yeshivas, sometimes from one extended family. There are familial dynasties of rosh yeshivas, for example, the [[Soloveitchik]], [[Finkel]], [[Feinstein]], [[Kotler]], and [[Kook (disambiguation)|Kook]] families, which head many yeshivas in the [[United States]] and [[Israel]].
Depending on the size of the yeshiva, there may be several rosh yeshivas, sometimes from one extended family. There are familial dynasties of rosh yeshivas, for example, the [[Soloveitchik]], [[Finkel]], [[Feinstein]], [[Kotler]], and [[Kook (disambiguation)|Kook]] families, which head many yeshivas in the [[United States]] and [[Israel]].


==Famous rosh yeshivas==
==Famous Rosh Yeshivas==
Prior to [[the Holocaust]], most of the large yeshivas were based in [[Eastern Europe]]. Presently, the majority of the world's yeshivas and their rosh yeshivas are located in the [[United States]] and [[Israel]].
Prior to [[the Holocaust]], most of the large yeshivas were based in [[Eastern Europe]]. Presently, the majority of the world's yeshivas and their rosh yeshivas are located in the [[United States]] and [[Israel]].


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==Role==
==Role==
{{main|Rosh mesivta}}
{{main|Rosh Mesivta}}
The title ''Rosh mesivta'' (alt. Rosh metivta),<ref>"He was previously RAM (Rosh Metivta) at ..." {{cite web
The title ''Rosh Mesivta'' (alt. Rosh Metivta),<ref>"He was previously RAM (Rosh Metivta) at ..." {{cite web
|title=The Pardes Kollel Experience - These and Those
|title=The Pardes Kollel Experience - These and Those
|url=https://theseandthose.pardes.org/2014/02/03/the-pardes-kollel-experience
|url=https://theseandthose.pardes.org/2014/02/03/the-pardes-kollel-experience
Line 88: Line 88:
|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0967037832 |isbn=0967037832 |author=Mattis Kantor |date=2005}}</ref>
|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0967037832 |isbn=0967037832 |author=Mattis Kantor |date=2005}}</ref>


The role is comparable to a dean in a university.<ref>".. ROSH MESIVTA: the dean of a MESIVTA."
The role is comparable to a dean in a university.<ref>"ROSH MESIVTA: the dean of a MESIVTA."
{{cite book |title=There is No Such Thing as Coincidence, And Other Stories
{{cite book |title=There is No Such Thing as Coincidence, And Other Stories
|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1583306153 |isbn=1583306153
|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1583306153 |isbn=1583306153
|author=Barukh ben David Lev |date=2003}}</ref>
|author=Barukh ben David Lev |date=2003}}</ref>


==Role of mashgiach ruchani==
==Role of Mashgiach Ruchani==
{{main|Mashgiach ruchani}}
{{main|Mashgiach ruchani}}
The personal and ethical development of the students in the yeshiva is usually covered by a different personality, known as the ''[[mashgiach ruchani|mashgiach]]'' or spiritual supervisor. This concept, introduced by the [[Mussar movement]] in the 19th century, led to perfection of character as one of the aims of attending a yeshiva. One typical and influential ''mashgiach'' was Rabbi [[Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler]].
The personal and ethical development of the students in the yeshiva is usually covered by a different personality, known as the ''[[Mashgiach Ruchani|mashgiach]]'' or spiritual supervisor. This concept, introduced by the [[Mussar movement]] in the 19th century, led to perfection of character as one of the aims of attending a yeshiva. One typical and influential ''mashgiach'' was Rabbi [[Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler]].


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 22:37, 26 March 2020

Rosh yeshiva, (Template:Lang-he-n, pl. Template:Lang-he-n , roshei yeshiva, and pl. Yeshivish, rosh yeshivahs) is the title given to the dean of a Talmudical academy (yeshiva). It is a compound word of the Hebrew words rosh ("head") and yeshiva (a school of religious Jewish education). The Rosh Yeshiva is required to have a comprehensive knowledge of the Talmud and the ability to analyse and present new perspectives, called chidushim (novellae) verbally and often in print.

Role

The primary role of the rosh yeshiva is not simply to be the dean, but is generally to give the highest-level lecture in the yeshiva, which is usually a program of at least two years. Students who have studied in a yeshiva are generally known as "students of the Rosh Yeshiva", as his lecture is the one in which they usually attain their method of Talmudic analysis and critical reasoning, and this method is based on the particular style of that rosh yeshiva. In addition, since yeshivas play a central role in the life of certain communities within Orthodox Judaism, the position of rosh yeshiva is more than just his position within the yeshiva. A rosh yeshiva is often seen as a pillar of leadership in extended communities. In Hasidic Judaism, the role of rosh yeshiva is secondary to the Rebbe, who is head of the Hasidic dynasty that controls it. In many Hasidic groups, the rosh yeshiva of a school will be the son or son-in-law of the rebbe, the assumed heir of the rebbe. However, the role that yeshivohs have within Hasidic communities is not nearly as important as it is in Lithuanian Jewish (Litvishe) communities. Hasidic students usually get married at the age of 18, which – in most cases – is the end of their yeshiva education. Students in the Lithuanian Jewish communities typically continue to study until they get married starting at around age 23, with the vast majority continuing their studies in a Kollel after marriage. As a result, the role that a rosh yeshiva plays in Lithuanian Jewish communities is much more important than in the Hasidic ones.

History

Yeshivas continue the scholarly traditions of the sages of the Mishnah and Talmud who often headed academies with hundreds of students. In the Talmudic academies in Babylonia, the rosh yeshiva was referred to as the reish metivta ("head of the academy" in Aramaic) and had the title of gaon. Regard for the Rosh Yeshiva in many ways is the transplantation of Hasidic attitudes in the Lithuanian world.

General role

The general role of the rosh yeshiva is to oversee the Talmudic studies and practical matters. The rosh yeshiva will often give the highest shiur (class). He is also the one to decide whether to grant permission for students to undertake classes for rabbinical ordination, known as semicha.

Rosh Yeshiva dynasties

Depending on the size of the yeshiva, there may be several rosh yeshivas, sometimes from one extended family. There are familial dynasties of rosh yeshivas, for example, the Soloveitchik, Finkel, Feinstein, Kotler, and Kook families, which head many yeshivas in the United States and Israel.

Famous Rosh Yeshivas

Prior to the Holocaust, most of the large yeshivas were based in Eastern Europe. Presently, the majority of the world's yeshivas and their rosh yeshivas are located in the United States and Israel.

The following is a list of some famous rosh yeshivas:

Current rosh yeshivas

Main article: List of rosh yeshivas

Role

Main article: Rosh Mesivta

The title Rosh Mesivta (alt. Rosh Metivta),[1] has a long history, going back many centuries.[2]

The role is comparable to a dean in a university.[3]

Role of Mashgiach Ruchani

Main article: Mashgiach ruchani

The personal and ethical development of the students in the yeshiva is usually covered by a different personality, known as the mashgiach or spiritual supervisor. This concept, introduced by the Mussar movement in the 19th century, led to perfection of character as one of the aims of attending a yeshiva. One typical and influential mashgiach was Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler.

References

  1. ^ "He was previously RAM (Rosh Metivta) at ..." "The Pardes Kollel Experience - These and Those". February 3, 2014.
  2. ^ Mattis Kantor (2005). Codex Judaica: Chronological Index of Jewish History. ISBN 0967037832.
  3. ^ "ROSH MESIVTA: the dean of a MESIVTA." Barukh ben David Lev (2003). There is No Such Thing as Coincidence, And Other Stories. ISBN 1583306153.
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