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==Characterization==
==Characterization==
Wyman said that Angela “runs everything. She goes straight through everything like a Mack truck.”<ref name="Napa VR"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dispatch.com/article/20070911/ENTERTAINMENT/309119827|title=Oscar winner was first Mrs. Reagan|website=[[The Columbus Dispatch]]|date=September 11, 2007|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref><ref name="CNT">{{Cite web|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2007/09/10/oscar-winner-and-falcon-crest-star-jane-wyman-dies-in-california/|title=Oscar Winner and Falcon Crest Star Jane Wyman Dies in California|website=[[CityNews Toronto]]|author=News Staff|date=September 10, 2007|via=toronto.citynews.ca|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> The character, positioned as "a Napa Valley winery owner who maintained her power with a steely will",<ref name="Napa VR"/> has been described as "icy",<ref name="THR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscar-winner-jane-wyman-dies-149848|title=Oscar winner Jane Wyman dies at 90|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Duane|last=Byrge|date=September 11, 2007|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> "domineering",<ref name="THR"/> "formidable",<ref name="People Obit"/> "ruthless",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-wyman-death-idUSN1033676920070910|title=Actress Jane Wyman dead|date=September 10, 2007|first=Steve|last=Gorman|publisher=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> "conniving",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14293445|title=Oscar Winner Jane Wyman, Reagan's First Wife, Dies|website=[[NPR]]|first=Elizabeth|last=Blair|date=September 10, 2007|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> "power-mad",<ref name="Napa VR"/><ref name="CNT"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deseret.com/2007/9/11/20040520/actress-jane-wyman-is-dead-at-93|title=Actress Jane Wyman is dead at 93|author=Associated Press|date=September 11, 2007|website=[[Deseret News]]|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> "villainous",<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y04MQEgHbZsC&pg=PA422&lpg=PA422&dq=angela+channing+villain&source=bl&ots=fzJtflleKv&sig=ACfU3U091t09yBdgUjUQM4B7jopmwLMrnw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjv1pG27OroAhVOnJ4KHehiBQc4ChDoATADegQIDBAt#v=onepage&q=angela+channing+villain&f=false|title=Historical Dictionary of American Cinema|first=Keith M.|last=Booker|date=March 17, 2011|publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]]|via=Google Books|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> "backstabbing",<ref name="CNT"/> "a female tyrant",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/television-124731|title=Television|author=''Newsweek'' Staff|date=November 28, 2004|website=[[Newsweek]]|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> and as "an iron-fisted matriarch who will let nothing stop her quest for power and goes head-to-head with anyone trying to gain control of the coveted Falcon Crest Vineyards."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.warnerarchive.com/dueling-divas-jane-wyman-and-lana-turner-in-falcon-crest-bfb95e4642cc|title=Dueling Divas: Jane Wyman and Lana Turner in ''Falcon Crest''|date=February 3, 2017|website=Warner Archive|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> Angela runs the winery and her family "with the precision of a drill sergeant", and is "feared, loathed and respected" by everyone in the Tuscany Valley.<ref name="121 Shows">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOUyBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA133&lpg=PA133&dq=angela+channing+villain&source=bl&ots=lO42y1jf7d&sig=ACfU3U0PvHeiZB3niq4yAN4H382jjHAi6A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjv1pG27OroAhVOnJ4KHehiBQc4ChDoATAEegQIDBAz#v=onepage&q=angela+channing+villain&f=false|title=The American Family on Television: A Chronology of 121 Shows, 1948–2004|first=Marla|last=Brooks|date=March 12, 2015|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|via=Google Books|pages=132–135|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> According to her nemesis Richard Channing ([[David Selby]]), Angela tells more lies "than the devil himself".<ref name="121 Shows"/> In the series final "Home Again", Angela is seen "waxing nostalgic about her years of manipulation and skullduggery to keep the Falcon Crest winery in her control."<ref name="121 Shows"/>
Wyman said that Angela “runs everything. She goes straight through everything like a Mack truck.”<ref name="Napa VR"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dispatch.com/article/20070911/ENTERTAINMENT/309119827|title=Oscar winner was first Mrs. Reagan|website=[[The Columbus Dispatch]]|date=September 11, 2007|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref><ref name="CNT">{{Cite web|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2007/09/10/oscar-winner-and-falcon-crest-star-jane-wyman-dies-in-california/|title=Oscar Winner and Falcon Crest Star Jane Wyman Dies in California|website=[[CityNews Toronto]]|author=News Staff|date=September 10, 2007|via=toronto.citynews.ca|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> The character, positioned as "a Napa Valley winery owner who maintained her power with a steely will",<ref name="Napa VR"/> has been described as "icy",<ref name="THR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscar-winner-jane-wyman-dies-149848|title=Oscar winner Jane Wyman dies at 90|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Duane|last=Byrge|date=September 11, 2007|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> "domineering",<ref name="THR"/> "formidable",<ref name="People Obit"/> "ruthless",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-wyman-death-idUSN1033676920070910|title=Actress Jane Wyman dead|date=September 10, 2007|first=Steve|last=Gorman|publisher=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> "conniving",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14293445|title=Oscar Winner Jane Wyman, Reagan's First Wife, Dies|website=[[NPR]]|first=Elizabeth|last=Blair|date=September 10, 2007|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> "wily",<ref name="SS">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1986-06-21-8602060582-story.html|title=Actor Revels in Vileness of ''Dynasty'' Bad Guy|first=Vernon|last=Scott|publisher=[[United Press International]]|website=[[Sun-Sentinel]]|accessdate=April 17, 2020}}</ref> "power-mad",<ref name="Napa VR"/><ref name="CNT"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deseret.com/2007/9/11/20040520/actress-jane-wyman-is-dead-at-93|title=Actress Jane Wyman is dead at 93|author=Associated Press|date=September 11, 2007|website=[[Deseret News]]|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> "villainous",<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y04MQEgHbZsC&pg=PA422&lpg=PA422&dq=angela+channing+villain&source=bl&ots=fzJtflleKv&sig=ACfU3U091t09yBdgUjUQM4B7jopmwLMrnw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjv1pG27OroAhVOnJ4KHehiBQc4ChDoATADegQIDBAt#v=onepage&q=angela+channing+villain&f=false|title=Historical Dictionary of American Cinema|first=Keith M.|last=Booker|date=March 17, 2011|publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]]|via=Google Books|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> "backstabbing",<ref name="CNT"/> "a female tyrant",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/television-124731|title=Television|author=''Newsweek'' Staff|date=November 28, 2004|website=[[Newsweek]]|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> and as "an iron-fisted matriarch who will let nothing stop her quest for power and goes head-to-head with anyone trying to gain control of the coveted Falcon Crest Vineyards."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.warnerarchive.com/dueling-divas-jane-wyman-and-lana-turner-in-falcon-crest-bfb95e4642cc|title=Dueling Divas: Jane Wyman and Lana Turner in ''Falcon Crest''|date=February 3, 2017|website=Warner Archive|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> Angela runs the winery and her family "with the precision of a drill sergeant", and is "feared, loathed and respected" by everyone in the Tuscany Valley.<ref name="121 Shows">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOUyBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA133&lpg=PA133&dq=angela+channing+villain&source=bl&ots=lO42y1jf7d&sig=ACfU3U0PvHeiZB3niq4yAN4H382jjHAi6A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjv1pG27OroAhVOnJ4KHehiBQc4ChDoATAEegQIDBAz#v=onepage&q=angela+channing+villain&f=false|title=The American Family on Television: A Chronology of 121 Shows, 1948–2004|first=Marla|last=Brooks|date=March 12, 2015|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|via=Google Books|pages=132–135|accessdate=April 15, 2020}}</ref> According to her nemesis Richard Channing ([[David Selby]]), Angela tells more lies "than the devil himself".<ref name="121 Shows"/> In the series final "Home Again", Angela is seen "waxing nostalgic about her years of manipulation and skullduggery to keep the Falcon Crest winery in her control."<ref name="121 Shows"/>


==Storylines==
==Storylines==

Revision as of 03:41, 17 April 2020

Angela Channing
Falcon Crest character
Jane Wyman as Angela Channing
Portrayed byJane Wyman
First appearance"In His Father's House" (1981)
Last appearance"Home Again" (1990)
Created byEarl Hamner
In-universe information
OccupationOwner of Falcon Crest winery and several other businesses, including The San Francisco Globe, Tuscany Downs, and Del Oro Spa and Country Club
FatherJasper Gioberti Jr.
MotherLilly Travers
BrothersJason Gioberti
Half-sistersFrancesca Gioberti
Spouse
SonsRichard Channing
DaughtersJulia Channing Cumson
Emma Channing
Grandsons
GranddaughtersAngela
GrandfathersJasper Gioberti Sr.
GrandmothersTessa Lindstrom
Nephews
NiecesVickie Gioberti

Angela Channing (maiden name Gioberti; formerly Erickson, Stavros and Agretti) is a fictional character on the American prime time soap opera Falcon Crest, portrayed by Jane Wyman from 1981 to 1990. Angela is the devious, tyrannical owner of the Falcon Crest winery in fictional Tuscany Valley, California, whose schemes to advance the fortunes of her family company while keeping sole control over it drive the action of the series. Wyman won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Television Drama Series for the role in 1984.

Appearances

Wyman originated the role of Angela in the December 1981 first episode "In His Father's House", remaining until the series finale episode "Home Again" in May 1990.[1][2] Wyman appeared in 208 of the series' 227 episodes, missing two episodes in season five ("Law and Ardor" and "Hidden Meanings") and 17 episodes in season nine due to health problems.[3][4]

Casting and production

Wyman, who won an Academy Award in 1948 for her role in the film Johnny Belinda, retired from acting in 1962 at age 48.[1] Nothing offered to her over the following 19 years interested her, until Falcon Crest lured her out of retirement.[1] Wyman was initially undecided about taking the role, which was so different from the "self-sacrificing" characters she had previously played.[5] She said:

I read the pilot script for Falcon Crest and all of a sudden, it just struck a bell. I thought, 'Well, I've always done the four-handkerchief bits'—you know, everybody walking outside and saying, 'Wasn't it marvelous?' ... Angie Channing is a very heads-up lady, so why don't we just go ahead and play her? I really like her. A lot. She's very much a 1981 kind of lady. You just can't miss on a thing like this. You really can't. If you do, you're dumb.[1]

Falcon Crest creator Earl Hamner Jr. offered Wyman the role in 1979.[6] She said, "I told him I'd heard Barbara Stanwyck had turned it down. And he said that was an untrue rumor. It had never been offered to her."[6] Hamner said he was looking for a "sympathetic actress" for the role.[6] He called Wyman "one of the legendary stars ... a great actress", and insisted that though she was the ex-wife of recently-elected US President Ronald Reagan, her casting had nothing to do with her connection to Reagan.[1] Hamner said Wyman was chosen to add credibility to the role, and noted "The character is a harsh one. Miss Wyman's nice-lady image gives Angie more dimension and sympathy."[1]

After shooting the original pilot episode of the series, called The Vintage Years and featuring Wyman in a silver wig, the actress pushed for changes in Angela.[6] Hamner had warned Wyman that the press would call Angela a female J. R. Ewing, the amoral oil baron from Falcon Crest's lead-in series, Dallas, played by Larry Hagman.[6] Not wanting her character to simply be a J.R. clone, Wyman said, "I feel I'm representing all women in business. I may come off as a hard, tough character, but I want Angie to show she's also capable of love."[7][8] She said, "I remade my character",[6] and explained:

After I told them I was plenty old enough and had enough gray hair without putting on that dreadful wig, I decided to do something about Angela. Not only was she too mean and vicious, she was just plain boring. I wanted Angie to be an interesting character. She's a tough-as-nails businesswoman in every sense of the word, but the trouble with the pilot was that she was just too nasty.[7][8][9]

Journalist Claudia Luther wrote that "the role gave Wyman an opportunity to break away from her nice-girl image and play a female power broker intent on ruling over her family of winemakers at whatever cost."[4]

Wyman chose her character's wardrobe personally.[1] She said that Angela "wore only the best",[6] and noted, "I like sexy and very female clothes."[7][8]

Wyman underwent abdominal surgery in early January 1986, missing five weeks of production and subsequently not appearing in two episodes of season five.[3] By the end of season five, Wyman was reportedly earning $3 million a year.[9]

Characterization

Wyman said that Angela “runs everything. She goes straight through everything like a Mack truck.”[5][10][11] The character, positioned as "a Napa Valley winery owner who maintained her power with a steely will",[5] has been described as "icy",[12] "domineering",[12] "formidable",[2] "ruthless",[13] "conniving",[14] "wily",[15] "power-mad",[5][11][16] "villainous",[17] "backstabbing",[11] "a female tyrant",[18] and as "an iron-fisted matriarch who will let nothing stop her quest for power and goes head-to-head with anyone trying to gain control of the coveted Falcon Crest Vineyards."[19] Angela runs the winery and her family "with the precision of a drill sergeant", and is "feared, loathed and respected" by everyone in the Tuscany Valley.[20] According to her nemesis Richard Channing (David Selby), Angela tells more lies "than the devil himself".[20] In the series final "Home Again", Angela is seen "waxing nostalgic about her years of manipulation and skullduggery to keep the Falcon Crest winery in her control."[20]

Storylines

Season one

As Falcon Crest debuts, Angela Channing's brother Jason Gioberti is accidentally pushed to his death by Angela's daughter Emma Channing. To ensure she inherits Jason's share of the Falcon Crest winery per the unique conditions of his will, Angela stages Jason's death to look like a drunken car accident. Jason's son Chase Gioberti and his wife Maggie arrive in the Tuscany Valley from New York and claim Jason's house and a portion of the vineyards. Angela schemes with an old friend of Chase's to force out her nephew, but the plan backfires. When Chase is in need of money to hire workers and cover a large outstanding tax bill, Angela offers to buy his pre-harvested grapes at below market value, strong arming a competitor into rescinding his own offer for the grapes. Angela is infuriated by the continuing irresponsible behavior of her grandson Lance Cumson, and courts Chase's son Cole Gioberti as the potential heir to Falcon Crest.

Angela gets assault charges dropped against Lance, and plots to keep Lance's newly-returned father Tony Cumson from his ex-wife, Angela's daughter Julia. Emma's ex-lover Turner Bates blackmails Angela with the truth of Jason's death, and when Angela involves the police Turner is killed. Romance is rekindled between Angela and her ex-husband Douglas Channing while she is in Italy with Cole for an important wine-tasting competition, but she rejects his proposal to remarry. Angela plots for Lance to marry heiress Melissa Agretti as a means to eventually obtain the lucrative Agretti Vineyards. After a bitter argument with Angela, Lance falls in love and plans to move to San Francisco, but he cannot resist Angela's offer to drop the girl and return to the fold. Chase confronts Angela with evidence that she may have been involved in crippling a girl forty years before, and she retaliates by playing a portion of a recording that leaves Chase believing that his father hated him.

Chase's mother, Jacqueline Perrault, warns Chase of Angela's treacherous nature and tries to persuade him to leave Falcon Crest. Angela does everything in her power to prevent Chase from being elected to the County Board of Supervisors, but fails. She is furious when Lance begins working at Douglas's newspaper The San Francisco Globe, and schemes to derail Melissa's inconvenient new relationship with Cole to clear the way for Lance. Angela attempts to foil Chase's inquiries about the circumstances of his father's death. Angela pressures Lance to propose to Melissa, who is in love with Cole but agrees to marry Lance.

Angela tries to keep Emma sedated to prevent her from testifying about Jason, fearing that she could lose Falcon Crest if Chase's attorney can prove that Jason died under suspicious circumstances. Emma escapes the mansion and takes the stand, confessing her role in Jason's death. The jury rules that Jason "died at the hands of another", thereby giving Chase control of Falcon Crest. He magnanimously offers 50 percent of the vineyard to Angela, and though she detests the thought of sharing Falcon Crest with anyone, she has no choice and accepts.

Season two

Angela tries to thwart Chase's claims to Falcon Crest, as well as his attempts to break her stranglehold on county water supplies. Douglas's illegitimate son, Richard Channing, has inherited fifty percent of The San Francisco Globe after his father's death, and Angela seeks to block Richard from taking control of the newspaper as the new chairman of the board. Chase uses evidence of Angela's complicity in a deadly gas explosion to force her into sharing the operation of Falcon Crest with him. Richard vows to destroy Angela.

Melissa's father, Carlo Agretti, confronts Angela about Lance's abuse of Melissa, and tells Angela she will never get his land via the marriage. Angela is determined that Chase not discover that she secretly owns and profits from the company that distributes Falcon Crest's wine. Angela's schemes to overcome Chase's efforts to break her water monopoly fail. Angela plays Lance and Cole against each other, and is andy to find Lance in bed with a woman other than his wife.

Emma disappears, secretly giving Chase the voting proxy to her share of The Globe which Angela hoped would give her control of the newspaper's board of directors. Chase discovers that Angela is using all of Falcon Crest's investment funds to buy up stock in the newspaper. Just as Angela has nearly enough stock to seize control, Richard announces he is issuing two million dollars more of stock, a strategy that Angela and her lawyer Phillip Erikson had not foreseen. Angela plots to delay Richard, but she still needs Chase's votes to take over the newspaper.

Season three

Season four

Season five

Season six

Season seven

Season eight

In the aftermath of Richard's "death", Angela surprises her family and friends with her resignation over the loss of Falcon Crest to Melissa. She later decides to stay in Tuscany Valley and fight for her family's land; and later launches an attack on Melissa. Angela secretly arranges a meeting between Frank Agretti and his long-estranged son, Nick.

When Angela offers District Attorney Fields her support for the governorship in exchange for dropping the murder charges against Lance, he indignantly refuses; however, when Richard offers to hire Field's leukemic son to join the staff of The New Globe, Fields agrees to the deal. After Nick Agretti is enraptured when he witnesses Pilar swimming nude, Angela informs him that she has learned some information he cannot release, revealing that the price for keeping the secret is Falcon Crest itself.

After Angela blackmails Nick with incriminating information about his past, Nick surrenders Falcon Crest to Angela, who begins plans to rebuild the house. She is later disturbed by the news of Libby Carnes, who offers Frank a job in Colombia mining for emeralds. After Angela is outmaneuvered for the purchase of a bottling company, she is determined to learn who is behind the consortium.

Season nine

As Angela prepares to leave for Greece, she leaves her grandson Lance in charge, though under the strict supervision of her reliable foreman, Frank Agretti. Angela hires a private investigator to tail Pilar. Although Angela disapproves of Charley and changes her vacation plans, Emma stands by Charley despite Angela's interference. Aware that Angela is trying to break up his relationship with Emma, Charley places a pillow over Angela's face and suffocates her. After being found unconscious, Angela is rushed to the hospital, where she slips into a coma. Lance has a difficult time managing Falcon Crest without Angela, particularly when business associates insist on negotiating with Angela, but fortunately, Pilar is able to help Lance deal with their distributor, Ned Vogel. A power outage at the hospital forces the family to consider pulling the plug on Angela's life support.

Richard's plans to run the winery with Lauren run into a snag when Angela returns after regaining consciousness. When Richard informs Angela that she has no legal claim to the winery, Angela pretends to give in, but she is secretly planning to block Richard's marriage to Lauren with the help of Michael Sharpe.

After her plans of ruining Richard's engagement to Lauren falls through, Angela must find another way to stop it. Richard agrees to sell Falcon Crest back to Angela on the condition that half will go to his sons in the event of her death. Lance, however, will receive ten percent now and the remainder after Angela's death. As the wedding reception draws to a close, Angela recalls all the people who passed through Tuscany Valley during the last decade and toasts the future of Falcon Crest.

Reception

Angela has been called "the matriarch-you-love-to-hate".[4]

Wyman was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Television Drama Series in 1983, and won in 1984.[12][21] She was nominated for five Soap Opera Digest Awards for playing Angela in 1986, 1988, and 1989.[22]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Costantinou, Marianne (November 29, 1981). "Jane Wyman: 'I Always Did Four-Handkerchief Roles. Until Now.'". The New York Times. p. D29. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  2. ^ a b Silverman, Stephen M. (September 10, 2007). "Falcon Crest Star Jane Wyman Dies at 93". People. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  3. ^ a b Associated Press (February 13, 1986). "Wyman Returns to Falcon Crest". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c Luther, Claudia (September 10, 2007). "Falcon Crest Actress Jane Wyman Dies at 90". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d Thomas, Bob (September 10, 2007). "Falcon Crest star Jane Wyman dies". Napa Valley Register. Associated Press. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Bawden, James; Miller, Ron (March 4, 2016). Conversations with Classic Film Stars: Interviews from Hollywood's Golden Era. University Press of Kentucky. p. 287. ISBN 978-0813167107. Retrieved April 15, 2020 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ a b c "Monied Matriarchs: Profiles of Ellie Ewing & Angela Channing". TVHerstory.
  8. ^ a b c Quirk, Lawrence (April 1, 1986). Jane Wyman: The Actress and the Woman: An Illustrated Biography. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0934878685.
  9. ^ a b Vallance, Tom (September 11, 2007). "Jane Wyman". The Independent. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  10. ^ "Oscar winner was first Mrs. Reagan". The Columbus Dispatch. September 11, 2007. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  11. ^ a b c News Staff (September 10, 2007). "Oscar Winner and Falcon Crest Star Jane Wyman Dies in California". CityNews Toronto. Retrieved April 15, 2020 – via toronto.citynews.ca.
  12. ^ a b c Byrge, Duane (September 11, 2007). "Oscar winner Jane Wyman dies at 90". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  13. ^ Gorman, Steve (September 10, 2007). "Actress Jane Wyman dead". Reuters. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  14. ^ Blair, Elizabeth (September 10, 2007). "Oscar Winner Jane Wyman, Reagan's First Wife, Dies". NPR. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  15. ^ Scott, Vernon. "Actor Revels in Vileness of Dynasty Bad Guy". Sun-Sentinel. United Press International. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  16. ^ Associated Press (September 11, 2007). "Actress Jane Wyman is dead at 93". Deseret News. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  17. ^ Booker, Keith M. (March 17, 2011). Historical Dictionary of American Cinema. Scarecrow Press. Retrieved April 15, 2020 – via Google Books.
  18. ^ Newsweek Staff (November 28, 2004). "Television". Newsweek. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  19. ^ "Dueling Divas: Jane Wyman and Lana Turner in Falcon Crest". Warner Archive. February 3, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  20. ^ a b c Brooks, Marla (March 12, 2015). The American Family on Television: A Chronology of 121 Shows, 1948–2004. McFarland & Company. pp. 132–135. Retrieved April 15, 2020 – via Google Books.
  21. ^ "Winners & Nominees: Falcon Crest". Golden Globe Award. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  22. ^ "Jane Wyman". RUSC. Retrieved April 15, 2020.