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The Royal Crown Derby Porcelain Company is a porcelain manufacturer, based in Derby, England. The company, particularly known for its high-quality bone china, has produced tableware and ornamental items since approximately 1750.

History

William Duesbury I and II

In 1745 André Planché, a Huguenot immigrant from Saxony, settled in Derby, where between 1747 and 1755 he made porcelain figurines. At the beginning of 1756 he formed a business partnership with William Duesbury, a porcelain painter formerly at Chelsea and Longton Hall, and John Heath (the original agreement survives in the Victoria and Albert Museum). This was the foundation of the Derby company, although production at the works at Cockpit Hill had begun before then, as evidenced by a creamware jug dated 1750, also in the possession of the Victoria and Albert Museum. Planché disappeared from the scene almost at once, and the business was developed by Duesbury and Heath, and later Duesbury alone. A talented entrepreneur, he quickly established Derby as a leading manufacturer of dinner services and figurines by employing the best talents available for modelling and painting. Figure painting was done by Richard Askew and James Banford. Zachariah Boreman and John Brewer painted landscapes, still-lifes, and pastorals. Intricate floral patterns were designed and painted by William Billingsley, Moses Webster and the Quaker William Pegg, and hunting scenes by Cuthbert Lawson.

In 1770, Duesbury further increased the already high reputation of Derby by his acquisition of the famous Chelsea porcelain factory in London. He operated it on its original site until 1784 (the products of this period are known as "Chelsea=Derby"), when he demolished the buildings and transferred the assets, including the stock, patterns and moulds, and many of the workmen, to Derby. Again, in 1776, he acquired the prestigious Bow China Works, of which he also transferred the portable elements to Derby.

In 1773, Duesbury’s hard work was rewarded by King George III, who after visiting the Derby works granted him permission to incorporate royal crown into the Derby backstamp, after which the company was known as Crown Derby.

In 1786, William Duesbury died, leaving the company to his son, William Duesbury II, also a talented director, who besides keeping the reputation of the company at its height, developed a number of new glazes and body types.

Michael Keane

William Duesbury II did not live to fulfil his promise: he died in 1797 at the age of 34 and the company was taken over by his business partner, an Irishman named Michael Keane, who later married Duesbury's widow. He seems not to have enjoyed good relations with all of the highly skilled workforce, and many eminent artists left during this period, bringing about a decline in Derby's fortunes.

However, William Duesbury III, born in 1790, son of William Duesbury II, took over the factory when he came of age in 1791, and Kean having sold his interest to his father-in-law (and William Duesbury's grandfather), named Sheffield, the concern continued under the name of Duesbury & Sheffield. The former standards were apparently quickly regained.

Robert Bloor

In 1815, the factory was leased to the firm's salesman and clerk, Robert Bloor, and the Duesburys played no further part in it. Bloor proved himself to be an able business man and also to possess a proper appreciation of the aesthetic side of the business, under whom the company produced works that were richly coloured and elegantly styled, including brightly coloured Japanese imari patterns, generally featuring intricate geometric patterns layered with various floral designs. These designs were extremely popular, and Derby continued to thrive.

In 1845, however, Bloor died, and after 3 years under Thomas Clarke, the Cockpit Works were sold and the factory closed in 1848.

King Street

A group of former employees set up a factory in King Street in Derby, and continued to use the moulds, patterns and trademarks of the former business, although not the name, so keeping alive the Derby traditions of fine craftsmanship. No mechanical processes were used, and no two pieces produced were exactly the same. Among the items preserved was the original potter's wheel of the Duesburys, still owned by the present Royal Derby Company.

Osmaston Road

In 1877, an impressive new factory was built by new owners of the Crown Derby name in Osmaston Road, Derby, thus beginning the modern period of Derby porcelain. Crown Derby’s patterns became immensely popular during the late Victorian era, as their romantic and lavish designs exactly met the popular taste of the period.

Royal Crown Derby

In 1890, Queen Victoria appointed Crown Derby to be “Manufacturers of porcelain to Her Majesty” and by Royal Warrant granted them the title "The Royal Crown Derby Porcelain Company".

In 1935 Royal Crown Derby acquired the King Street factory, thus reuniting the two strands of the business.

Allied Potteries

In 1964, the company was acquired by S. Pearson and Son and became part of the Allied English Potteries Group, later to be joined by Royal Doulton.

Royal Crown Derby (II)

In 2000, Hugh Gibson, a former director of Royal Doulton and a member of the Pearson family, led a buy out, making Royal Crown Derby once again an independent and privately owned concern, which presently (2006) employs about 300 people at the Osmaston Road works.

Present product lines include paperweights, introduced in 1981 and immensely popular ever since. Royal Crown Derby also continue to produce patterns in the imari style, distinguished for its rich colours and intricate gilding, including the dinnerware ranges Old Imari, Traditional Imari, Red Aves, Blue Mikado, and Olde Avesbury.

External links

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 ==History==
-=== The Duesburys ===
+=== William Duesbury I and II ===
-In 1745 Andrew Planche, a [[Huguenot]] immigrant from [[Saxony]], settled in [[Derby]], where between 1747 and 1755 he made porcelain [[figurine]]s. At the beginning of 1756 he formed a business partnership with William Duesbury, a porcelain painter formerly at [[Longton Hall]], and John Heath (the original agreement survives in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]). This was the foundation of the Derby company, although production at the works at Cockpit Hill had begun before then, as evidenced by a [[creamware]] jug dated 1750, also in the possession of the Victoria and Albert Museum. Planche disappeared from the scene almost at once, and the business was developed by Duesbury and Heath, and later Duesbury alone. A talented entrepreneur, he quickly established Derby as a leading manufacturer of dinner services and figurines by employing the best talents available for modelling and painting. Figure painting was done by [[Richard Askew]] and [[James Banford]]. [[Zachariah Boreman]] and [[John Brewer (artist)|John Brewer]] painted landscapes, still-lifes, and pastorals. Intricate floral patterns were designed and painted by [[William Billingsley (artist)|William Billingsley]], [[Moses Webster]] and the [[Quaker]] [[William Pegg]], and hunting scenes by [[Cuthbert Lawson]].
+In 1745 André Planché, a [[Huguenot]] immigrant from [[Saxony]], settled in [[Derby]], where between 1747 and 1755 he made porcelain [[figurine]]s. At the beginning of 1756 he formed a business partnership with William Duesbury, a porcelain painter formerly at [[Chelsea porcelain factory|Chelsea]] and [[Longton Hall]], and John Heath (the original agreement survives in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]). This was the foundation of the Derby company, although production at the works at Cockpit Hill had begun before then, as evidenced by a [[creamware]] jug dated 1750, also in the possession of the Victoria and Albert Museum. Planché disappeared from the scene almost at once, and the business was developed by Duesbury and Heath, and later Duesbury alone. A talented entrepreneur, he quickly established Derby as a leading manufacturer of dinner services and figurines by employing the best talents available for modelling and painting. Figure painting was done by [[Richard Askew]] and [[James Banford]]. [[Zachariah Boreman]] and [[John Brewer (artist)|John Brewer]] painted landscapes, still-lifes, and pastorals. Intricate floral patterns were designed and painted by [[William Billingsley (artist)|William Billingsley]], [[Moses Webster]] and the [[Quaker]] [[William Pegg]], and hunting scenes by [[Cuthbert Lawson]].
-In 1770, Duesbury further increased the already high reputation of Derby by his acquisition of the famous [[Chelsea porcelain factory]] in [[London]]. He operated it on its original site until 1784, when he demolished the buildings and transferred the assets, including the stock, patterns and moulds, and many of the workmen, to Derby. Again, in 1776, he acquired the prestigious [[Bow, London#Bow China|Bow China Works]], of which he also transferred the portable elements to Derby.
+In 1770, Duesbury further increased the already high reputation of Derby by his acquisition of the famous [[Chelsea porcelain factory]] in [[London]]. He operated it on its original site until 1784 (the products of this period are known as "'''Chelsea=Derby'''"), when he demolished the buildings and transferred the assets, including the stock, patterns and moulds, and many of the workmen, to Derby. Again, in 1776, he acquired the prestigious [[Bow, London#Bow China|Bow China Works]], of which he also transferred the portable elements to Derby.
 In 1773, Duesbury’s hard work was rewarded by [[King George III]], who after visiting the Derby works granted him permission to incorporate royal crown into the Derby backstamp, after which the company was known as '''Crown Derby'''.
-In 1786, William Duesbury died, leaving the company to his son, William Duesbury II, also a talented director, who besides keeping the reputation of the company at its height, developed a number of new [[ceramic glaze|glazes]] and body types. Unfortunately, he died in 1797 at the age of 34 and the company was taken over by his business partner, an [[Ireland|Irishman]] named Michael Kean, who married Duesbury's widow. He seems not to have enjoyed good relations with the highly skilled workforce, and many eminent artists left during this period, bringing about a decline in Derby's fortunes.
+In 1786, William Duesbury died, leaving the company to his son, William Duesbury II, also a talented director, who besides keeping the reputation of the company at its height, developed a number of new [[ceramic glaze|glazes]] and body types.
+== Michael Keane ==
+William Duesbury II did not live to fulfil his promise: he died in 1797 at the age of 34 and the company was taken over by his business partner, an [[Ireland|Irishman]] named Michael Keane, who later married Duesbury's widow. He seems not to have enjoyed good relations with all of the highly skilled workforce, and many eminent artists left during this period, bringing about a decline in Derby's fortunes.
 However, William Duesbury III, born in 1790, son of William Duesbury II, took over the factory when he came of age in 1791, and Kean having sold his interest to his father-in-law (and William Duesbury's grandfather), named Sheffield, the concern continued under the name of Duesbury & Sheffield. The former standards were apparently quickly regained.