Jump to content

Hemerocallis fulva: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Undid revision 769082891 by 2606:a000:4101:bc00:dce5:7589:388b:de5d regarding ploidy. Most daylily cultivars are tetraploid, but this species is not. The original citation at the end of the paragraph stands.
EddBarrows (talk | contribs)
240 edits
m I corrected some English and corrected several points of information.
Line 12: Line 12:
}}
}}


'''''Hemerocallis fulva''''', the '''orange day-lily''',<ref name=BSBI07>{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2014-10-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''tawny daylily''', '''corn lily''', '''tiger daylily''', '''fulvous daylily''' or '''ditch lily''' (also '''railroad daylily''', '''roadside daylily''', '''outhouse lily''', and '''wash-house lily'''){{citation needed|date=July 2017}}, is a species of [[daylily]] native to [[Asia]]. It is very widely grown as an [[ornamental plant]] in [[temperate climates]] for its showy flowers and ease of cultivation. It is not a true [[lily]] in the genus ''Lilium'', but gets its name from the similarity of the flowers and from the fact that each flower lasts only one day.
'''''Hemerocallis fulva''''', the '''orange day-lily''',<ref name=BSBI07>{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2014-10-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''tawny daylily''', '''corn lily''', '''tiger daylily''', '''fulvous daylily''' or '''ditch lily''' (also '''railroad daylily''', '''roadside daylily''', '''outhouse lily''', and '''wash-house lily'''){{citation needed|date=July 2017}}, is a species of [[daylily]] native to [[Asia]]. It is very widely grown as an [[ornamental plant]] in [[temperate climates]] for its showy flowers and ease of cultivation. It is not a true [[lily]] in the genus ''Lilium'', but gets its name from the superficial similarity of its flowers to ''Lilium'' and from the fact that each flower lasts only one day.


==Biology==
==Biology==
It is an [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]] growing from [[tuberous root]]s, with stems {{convert|40–150|cm|abbr=on}} tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are linear, {{convert|50–90|cm|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1–2.8|cm|abbr=on}} broad. The [[flower]]s are {{convert|5–12|cm|abbr=on}} across, orange-red, with a pale central line on each tepal; they are produced from early summer through late autumn on scapes of ten through twenty flowers, with the individual flowers' opening successively, each one only lasting one day. The [[fruit]] is a three-valved [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] {{convert|2–2.5|cm|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1.2–1.5|cm|abbr=on}} broad which splits open at maturity to release the [[seed]]s.<ref name=foc/><ref name=rhs/>
It is an [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]] growing from [[tuberous root]]s, with stems {{convert|40–150|cm|abbr=on}} tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are linear, {{convert|50–90|cm|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1–2.8|cm|abbr=on}} broad. The [[flower]]s are {{convert|5–12|cm|abbr=on}} across, orange-red, with a pale central line on each tepal; they are produced from early summer through late autumn on scapes of ten through twenty flowers, with the individual flowers' opening successively, each one's lasting only one day. Its [[fruit]] is a three-valved [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] {{convert|2–2.5|cm|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1.2–1.5|cm|abbr=on}} broad which splits open at maturity and releases [[seed]]s.<ref name=foc/><ref name=rhs/>


Both [[diploid]] and [[triploid]] forms are known in the wild, but most cultivated plants are triploids which rarely produce seeds and primarily reproduce vegetatively by [[stolons]] or division. At least four botanical varieties are recognized, including the typical triploid var. ''fulva'', the diploid, long-flowered var. ''angustifolia'' ([[Synonym (taxonomy)|syn.]]: var. ''longituba''), the triploid var. ''kwanzo'', where the stamens are modified into additional [[petal]]s, and the evergreen var. ''aurantiaca''.<ref name=foc/>
Both [[diploid]] and [[triploid]] forms occur in the wild, but most cultivated plants are triploids which rarely produce seeds and primarily reproduce vegetatively by [[rhizomes]] or division. At least four botanical varieties are recognized, including the typical triploid var. ''fulva'', the diploid, long-flowered var. ''angustifolia'' ([[Synonym (taxonomy)|syn.]]: var. ''longituba''), the triploid var. ''Flore Pleno'', which has petaloid stamens, and the evergreen var. ''aurantiaca''.<ref name=foc/>


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
Orange daylily is native to [[Asia]] from the [[Caucasus]] east through the [[Himalaya]] to [[China]], [[Japan]], and [[Korea]].<ref name=foc>Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027676 ''Hemerocallis fulva'']</ref><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan {{ISBN|0-333-47494-5}}.</ref><ref name=grin>{{GRIN | accessdate = 2018-01-01}}</ref><ref>S.K. Czerepanov. Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (2007)</ref> Orange daylily persists where planted, making them a very good garden plant.
Orange daylily is native to [[Asia]] from the [[Caucasus]] east through the [[Himalaya]] through [[China]], [[Japan]], and [[Korea]].<ref name=foc>Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027676 ''Hemerocallis fulva'']</ref><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan {{ISBN|0-333-47494-5}}.</ref><ref name=grin>{{GRIN | accessdate = 2018-01-01}}</ref><ref>S.K. Czerepanov. Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (2007)</ref> Orange daylily persists where planted, making them a very good garden plant.


''Hemerocallis fulva'' var. ''fulva'' has escaped from cultivation across much of the [[United States]] and parts of [[Canada]] and has become a weedy or [[invasive species]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HEFU |title=USDA Plants Profile for Hemerocallis fulva (orange daylily)(Classified as invasive only by Wisconsin) |publisher=Plants.usda.gov |date= |accessdate=2018-05-31}}</ref> It persists also where dumped and spreads more or less rapidly by vegetative increase into woods and fields and along roadsides and ditches, hence the common name ditch lily. It forms dense stands that exclude native vegetation, and is often so common that it is mistaken for a [[native species]].
''Hemerocallis fulva'' var. ''fulva'' has escaped from cultivation across much of the [[United States]] and parts of [[Canada]] and has become a weedy or [[invasive species]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HEFU |title=USDA Plants Profile for Hemerocallis fulva (orange daylily)(Classified as invasive only by Wisconsin) |publisher=Plants.usda.gov |date= |accessdate=2018-05-31}}</ref> It persists also where dumped and spreads more or less rapidly by vegetative increase into woods and fields and along roadsides and ditches, hence its common name ditch lily. It forms dense stands that exclude native vegetation, and is often mistaken for a [[native species]].


==Edibility==
==Edibility==
The flowers, leaves, and tubers of the orange daylily are edible.<ref name="PFAF">{{cite web |title=Hemerocallis fulva Common Day Lily |url=https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Hemerocallis+fulva |website=Plants for a Future |accessdate=20 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Edible Landscaping: Eat Your Environment |url=https://www.homestead.org/food/edible-landscaping-eat-your-environment/ |website=homestead.org |accessdate=20 November 2018}}</ref> Leaves and shoots can be eaten raw or cooked when very young (or they become too fibrous). The flowers and young tubers can also be eaten raw or cooked. The flowers can be dried and used as a thickener in soup.<ref name="PFAF" /> The cooked flower buds, served with butter, taste like green beans.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Niering |first1=William A. |authorlink1=William Niering| last2=Olmstead |first2=Nancy C. |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region |year=1985 |origyear=1979|publisher=Knopf |isbn=0-394-50432-1 |p=600}}</ref>
The flowers, leaves, and tubers of the orange daylily are edible.<ref name="PFAF">{{cite web |title=Hemerocallis fulva Common Day Lily |url=https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Hemerocallis+fulva |website=Plants for a Future |accessdate=20 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Edible Landscaping: Eat Your Environment |url=https://www.homestead.org/food/edible-landscaping-eat-your-environment/ |website=homestead.org |accessdate=20 November 2018}}</ref> Leaves and shoots can be eaten raw or cooked when very young (or they become too fibrous). The flowers and young tubers can also be eaten raw or cooked. The flowers can be dried and used as a thickener in soup.<ref name="PFAF" /> The cooked flower buds, served with butter, taste like green beans or wax beans.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Niering |first1=William A. |authorlink1=William Niering| last2=Olmstead |first2=Nancy C. |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region |year=1985 |origyear=1979|publisher=Knopf |isbn=0-394-50432-1 |p=600}}</ref>


[[File:Double daylily -- Hemerocallis fulva.jpg|thumb|''Hemerocallis'' 'Kwanso', also known as 'Flore Pleno']]
[[File:Double daylily -- Hemerocallis fulva.jpg|thumb|''Hemerocallis'' 'Kwanso', a botanical variety different than 'Flore Pleno']]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 02:45, 1 September 2020

Hemerocallis fulva
Flower of Hemerocallis fulva var. fulva
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asphodelaceae
Subfamily: Hemerocallidoideae
Genus: Hemerocallis
Species:
H. fulva
Binomial name
Hemerocallis fulva
(L.) L.
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Hemerocallis crocea Lam.
  • Gloriosa luxurians Lour. ex B.A.Gomes (syn. of H. fulva var. fulva)

Hemerocallis fulva, the orange day-lily,[3] tawny daylily, corn lily, tiger daylily, fulvous daylily or ditch lily (also railroad daylily, roadside daylily, outhouse lily, and wash-house lily)[citation needed], is a species of daylily native to Asia. It is very widely grown as an ornamental plant in temperate climates for its showy flowers and ease of cultivation. It is not a true lily in the genus Lilium, but gets its name from the superficial similarity of its flowers to Lilium and from the fact that each flower lasts only one day.

Biology

It is an herbaceous perennial plant growing from tuberous roots, with stems 40–150 cm (16–59 in) tall. The leaves are linear, 50–90 cm (20–35 in) long and 1–2.8 cm (0.39–1.10 in) broad. The flowers are 5–12 cm (2.0–4.7 in) across, orange-red, with a pale central line on each tepal; they are produced from early summer through late autumn on scapes of ten through twenty flowers, with the individual flowers' opening successively, each one's lasting only one day. Its fruit is a three-valved capsule 2–2.5 cm (0.79–0.98 in) long and 1.2–1.5 cm (0.47–0.59 in) broad which splits open at maturity and releases seeds.[4][5]

Both diploid and triploid forms occur in the wild, but most cultivated plants are triploids which rarely produce seeds and primarily reproduce vegetatively by rhizomes or division. At least four botanical varieties are recognized, including the typical triploid var. fulva, the diploid, long-flowered var. angustifolia (syn.: var. longituba), the triploid var. Flore Pleno, which has petaloid stamens, and the evergreen var. aurantiaca.[4]

Distribution

Orange daylily is native to Asia from the Caucasus east through the Himalaya through China, Japan, and Korea.[4][5][6][7] Orange daylily persists where planted, making them a very good garden plant.

Hemerocallis fulva var. fulva has escaped from cultivation across much of the United States and parts of Canada and has become a weedy or invasive species.[8] It persists also where dumped and spreads more or less rapidly by vegetative increase into woods and fields and along roadsides and ditches, hence its common name ditch lily. It forms dense stands that exclude native vegetation, and is often mistaken for a native species.

Edibility

The flowers, leaves, and tubers of the orange daylily are edible.[9][10] Leaves and shoots can be eaten raw or cooked when very young (or they become too fibrous). The flowers and young tubers can also be eaten raw or cooked. The flowers can be dried and used as a thickener in soup.[9] The cooked flower buds, served with butter, taste like green beans or wax beans.[11]

Hemerocallis 'Kwanso', a botanical variety different than 'Flore Pleno'

References

  1. ^ "Hemerocallis fulv (L.) L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
  2. ^ "Gloriosa luxurians". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
  3. ^ "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  4. ^ a b c Flora of China: Hemerocallis fulva
  5. ^ a b Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
  6. ^ "Hemerocallis fulva". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2018-01-01.
  7. ^ S.K. Czerepanov. Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (2007)
  8. ^ "USDA Plants Profile for Hemerocallis fulva (orange daylily)(Classified as invasive only by Wisconsin)". Plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
  9. ^ a b "Hemerocallis fulva Common Day Lily". Plants for a Future. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  10. ^ "Edible Landscaping: Eat Your Environment". homestead.org. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  11. ^ Niering, William A.; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) [1979]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region. Knopf. p. 600. ISBN 0-394-50432-1.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemerocallis_fulva&oldid=976080499"