Meronymy and holonymy: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Revision as of 00:13, 28 December 2020

Meronymy (from Greek μέρος, méros, "part", and ὄνυμα, ónuma, "name") is a semantic relation between a meronym denoting a part and a holonym denoting a whole with the part. Meronymy is the opposite of holonymy. For example, finger is a meronym of hand because a finger is part of a hand. Similarly, engine is a meronym of car.

A closely related concept is that of mereology, which specifically deals with part–whole relations and is used in logic. It is formally expressed in terms of first-order logic. A meronymy can also be considered a partial order.

A meronym refers to a part. A hyponym refers to a type. For example, a meronym of tree is bark or leaf ("a part of a tree"), but a hyponym of tree is pine tree or oak tree ("a type of tree").

In knowledge representation languages, meronymy is often expressed as "part-of".

References

This semantics article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Distinguish|metonymy|meronomy}}
 {{Refimprove|date=July 2016}}
-'''Meronymy''' (from [[Greek language|Greek]] μέρος, ''méros'', "part", and ὄνυμα, ''ónuma'', "name") is a [[semantics|semantic relation]] specific to [[linguistics]], distinct from the similar [[metonymy]]. A meronym denotes a constituent part of, or a member of something.<ref>[http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1308967 Everything2 entry]</ref>
+'''Meronymy''' (from [[Greek language|Greek]] μέρος, ''méros'', "part", and ὄνυμα, ''ónuma'', "name") is a [[semantics|semantic relation]] between a '''meronym''' denoting a part and a '''holonym''' denoting a whole with the part. Meronymy is the opposite of [[holonymy]]. For example, finger is a meronym of hand because a finger is part of a hand. Similarly, engine is a meronym of car.
-That is,
-: "X" is a meronym of "Y" if ''X''s are parts of ''Y''(s), or
-: "X" is a meronym of "Y" if ''X''s are members of ''Y''(s).
+A closely related concept is that of [[mereology]], which specifically deals with part–whole relations and is used in [[logic]]. It is formally expressed in terms of [[first-order logic]]. A meronymy can also be considered a [[partial order]].
-For example, ''finger'' is a meronym of ''hand'' because a finger is part of a hand.  Similarly, ''[[wikt:wheels#Noun|wheels]]'' is a meronym of ''automobile''.
+A meronym refers to a ''part''. A [[hyponym]] refers to a ''type''. For example, a meronym of [[tree]] is [[bark (botany)|bark]] or [[leaf]] ("a part of a tree"), but a hyponym of [[tree]] is [[pine|pine tree]] or [[oak|oak tree]] ("a type of tree").
-Meronymy is the opposite of [[holonymy]]. A closely related concept is that of [[mereology]], which specifically deals with part–whole relations and is used in [[logic]]. It is formally expressed in terms of [[first-order logic]]. A meronymy can also be considered a [[partial order]].
+In [[knowledge representation]] languages, meronymy is often expressed as "part-of".
-A meronym refers to a part of a whole. A word denoting a subset of what another word denotes is a [[hyponym]]. For example, a hyponym of ''[[tree]]'' is ''[[pine|pine tree]]'' or ''[[oak|oak tree]]'' ("a kind of tree"), but a meronym of ''[[tree]]'' is ''[[bark (botany)|bark]]'' or ''[[leaf]]'' ("a part of a tree").
-In [[knowledge representation]] languages, meronymy is often expressed as "'''part-of'''".
 == See also ==

v t e Lexicology
Major terms	Lexical item Lexicon Lexis Word
Elements	Chereme Glyphs Grapheme Lemma Lexeme Morpheme Phoneme Seme Sememe
Semantic relations	Antonymy Hypernymy and hyponymy Meronymy and holonymy Idiom Lexical semantics Semantic network Synonym Troponymy
Functions	Function word Headword
Fields	Controlled vocabulary English lexicology and lexicography International scientific vocabulary Lexicographic error Lexicographic information cost Linguistic prescription Morphology Specialized lexicography
Linguistics portal

v t e Lexicography
Types of reference works	Dictionary Glossary Lexicon Phrase book Thesaurus
Types of dictionaries	Advanced learner's Anagram Bilingual Biographical Conceptual Defining vocabulary Electronic Encyclopedic Etymological Explanatory Historical Idiom Language-for-specific-purposes Machine-readable Medical Monolingual learner's Multi-field Picture Reverse Rhyming Rime Single-field Specialized Spelling dictionary Sub-field Visual
Other	International scientific vocabulary List of lexicographers List of online dictionaries
Linguistics portal