Sampit
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Sampit | |
|---|---|
  Sampit | |
| Coordinates: 2°32′S 112°57′E / 2.533°S 112.950°E | |
| Land | Indonesien |
| Province | Central Kalimantan |
| Regency | East Kotawaringin Regency |
| Area | |
| • Total | 751.45 km2 (290.14 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Estimate (2019) | 166,773 |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (WIB) |
Sampit is a city located in East Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan. Previously a timber port town, it has been growing to a medium-sized city with population of 166,773 according to Statistics Indonesia in 2019 and it's economy has since stopped relies to timber products. However, the city is not an autonomous city and not an administrative division by it's own despite having sizeable population and urban built-up. The city consisted of 11 subdistricts from Baamang district, Seranau district, and Mentawa Baru Ketapang district. The total area of the city is 751.45 square kilometers.[1]
Etymology
Origin of the city name is disputed. It is thought that the name is from Chinese where there were 31 Chinese labours working for plantation in the city during colonial era, and the city is called "sam-it" roughly means 31.[2]
History
Early History
The region was previously thought to be under a tribal kingdom founded Dayak Ot Danum people between 13th and 14th century although the existance of said kingdom is disputed. The region became part of Sultanate of Banjar on early 16th century. The region ceded to Dutch East Indies by Sultan Adam of Banjar on 4 May 1826.[3]
Modern History
During World War II, the city became under control of Imperial Japanese Navy together with Banjarmasin. Proclamation of Indonesian Independence were noticed by Indonesian nationalist in the city through radio and a Japanese newspaper Borneo Shimbun between September & October 1945. Unlike most of cities in Kalimantan which have been liberated by Allied forces of Australia, Sampit remains under Japanese control until 1946. Conflict between Indonesian nationalist and newly arrived Dutch troops continues until 1949.[4][2]
Sampit became known worldwide following inter-ethnic violent communal clashes between the Dayaks and the Madurese migrants during the Sampit conflict which broke out on February 17, 2001 and lasted for 10 days.[5] There are a number of stories purportedly describing the incident that sparked the violence in 2001. One version claims that it was caused by an arson attack on a Dayak house. Rumours spread that the fire was caused by Madurese, and later a group of Dayaks began burning houses in a Madurese neighbourhood.[6] Another version says that the massacre was triggered by an earlier incident in December 2000 when a Dayak man was killed by three Madurese.[7] The clash was also thought to be triggered by perceived threat of Madurese economically dominating Dayaks, although this is not proven. The conflict has been described by Inside Indonesia as an "ethnic fascsim". Central & local government did little to stop the violence and some of army generals & politicians of Dayak-descendant decided to use the violence to gain power.[8]
Geography
Climate
Sampit has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy rainfall year-round.
| Climate data for Sampit | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.5 (85.1) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.4 (86.7) |
31.0 (87.8) |
31.2 (88.2) |
31.0 (87.8) |
31.4 (88.5) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.9 (87.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.0 (78.8) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.6 (79.9) |
27.0 (80.6) |
27.2 (81.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
27.0 (80.6) |
27.1 (80.8) |
27.3 (81.1) |
27.2 (81.0) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.8 (80.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.5 (72.5) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
22.8 (73.0) |
22.7 (72.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 278 (10.9) |
247 (9.7) |
326 (12.8) |
291 (11.5) |
246 (9.7) |
187 (7.4) |
155 (6.1) |
123 (4.8) |
136 (5.4) |
186 (7.3) |
266 (10.5) |
275 (10.8) |
2,716 (106.9) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[9] | |||||||||||||
Infrastructure
Transport
References
- ^ "SPIP Kabupaten Kotawaringin" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Sigit. "Sejarah". kotimkab.go.id. Retrieved 2021-05-13.
- ^ "Surat-surat Perjanjian Antara Kesultanan Banjar dan Belanda" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Sejarah Kotim".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Fischer, Horst; McDonald, Avril; Dugard, John; Hans-Peter Gasser; Christopher Greenwood; Hortensia Gutierrez Posse; G. Herczeg; William Fenrick (23 May 2004). Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law:. Cambridge University Press. p. 539. ISBN 978-90-6704-169-0. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
- ^ "Indonesia: The Violence in Central Kalimantan (Borneo)". Human Rights Watch. February 28, 2001. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
- ^ Abdullah, Taufik (2009). Indonesia: towards democracy. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 552. ISBN 978-981-230-366-0. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
- ^ "Ethnic fascism in Borneo". Inside Indonesia. Retrieved 2021-05-13.
- ^ "Climate: Sampit". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 24 November 2020.