Neobacillus
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| Genus: | Neobacillus Patel and Gupta 2020
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Information based from LPSN 2021 | |
Neobacillus is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria that show Gram-positive or Gram-variable staining.[1] This genus belongs under the family Bacillaceae within the order Bacillales.[2] The type species of Neobacillus is Neobacillus niacini.[1][3]
Members of this genus were previously part of the Bacillus genus. It has long been recognized that the Bacillus genus is comprised of a wide range of phylogenetically unrelated bacteria, resulting in extensive polyphyly as demonstrated in the Genome Taxonomy Database.[4][5] Recent studies using comparative genome analyses have restricted the genus to include only species closely related to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus.[1][6] Species in the Neobacillus genus were found to branch together in a monophyletic fashion in phylogenetic trees constructed using conserved genome sequences and 16S rRNA sequences as well as share conserved signature indels (a type of molecular marker) that was exclusive only to this group and not found in any other bacteria.[1][6] These findings together led to the transfer of these species into a novel genus.
The name Neobacillus is pieced together using the prefix "neo-" (from the Greek adjective neos, translating to new) and the suffix "-bacillus" (from the Latin noun bacillus, referring to a small staff or rod and Bacillus, the bacterial genus). Together, the name translates to "new Bacillus".
Biochemical Characteristics[1]
Members of Neobacillus can be either aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Motility is variable, some species are motile while others are non-motile. All studied species are observed to form endospores under adverse environmental or nutritional conditions. Neobacillus can be found in a variety of environments, including soil, human origin (gut and skin) and plant roots. Neobacillus can grow in temperatures up to 50-55°C, but optimal growth occurs in the range of 25-37°C.
References
- ^ a b c d e Patel, Sudip; Gupta, Radhey S. (2020-01-01). "A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus: Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (1): 406–438. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003775. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 31617837.
- ^ Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T.; Garrity, George M.; Boone, David R.; De Vos, Paul; Goodfellow, Michael; Rainey, Fred A.; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz, eds. (2005). "Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology". doi:10.1007/0-387-28022-7.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Genus: Neobacillus". lpsn.dsmz.de. Retrieved 2021-05-20.
- ^ "GTDB - Tree". gtdb.ecogenomic.org. Retrieved 2021-05-25.
- ^ Ash, Carol; Farrow, J.A.E.; Wallbanks, Sally; Collins, M.D. (2008-06-28). "Phylogenetic heterogeneity of the genus Bacillus revealed by comparative analysis of small-subunit-ribosomal RNA sequences". Letters in Applied Microbiology. 13 (4): 202–206. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.1991.tb00608.x. ISSN 0266-8254.
- ^ a b Gupta, Radhey S.; Patel, Sudip; Saini, Navneet; Chen, Shu (2020-11-01). "Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (11): 5753–5798. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004475. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 33112222.