Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
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Standort | (see map) |
Reference | 1133quater |
Inscription | 2007 (31st Session) |
Extensions | 2011, 2017, 2021 |
Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe is a transnational serial nature UNESCO World Heritage Site, encompassing 94 component parts (forests) in 18 European countries.[1]
Carpathian region
This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: This part appears to be written before 2017.(August 2021) |
The Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians include ten separate massifs located along the 185 km (115 mi) long axis from the Rakhiv mountains and Chornohora ridge in Ukraine over the Poloniny Ridge (Slovakia) to the Vihorlat Mountains in Slovakia. The Ancient Beech Forests of Germany include five locations, cover 4,391 hectares and were added in 2011.
The Carpathian site covers a total area of 77,971.6 ha (192,672 acres), out of which only 29,278.9 ha (72,350 acres) are part of the actual preserved area, while the rest is considered a "buffer zone". Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians cover areas of Zakarpattia and Prešov Regions. Over 70% of the site is located in Ukraine. The area includes two national parks, and some habitat controlled areas, mostly in Slovakia. Both national parks, along with a neighboring area in Poland, compose a separate biosphere reserve, the East Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. Besides Havešová, Rožok, and Stužica (all of them located in Bukovské vrchy), there is a fourth component situated in Slovakia, named Kyjovský prales of Vihorlat. Ukrainian locations include Chornohora, Kuziy-Trybushany, Maramarosh, Stuzhytsia–Uzhok, Svydovets, and Uholka–Shyrikyi Luh. Only a few of the ten components are accessible to visitors. Stužica is the only one of three locations in Bukovské vrchy (Slovakia) with available hiking trails. In 2017, UNESCO extended the site, adding forests in Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Italy, Romania, Slovenia, and Spain.[2][3]
The last intact virgin forest in the temperate latitudes of Europe is to be found in the Carpathians. Trees can live to a hundred years old in these forests, providing an important habitat for organisms such as mushrooms, moss, lichen, insects, rare birds (e.g. capercaillie and black grouse) and mammals (e.g. bats, brown bear, wolf and lynx). Large parts of the forest in the Romanian part of the Carpathians have been lost due to deforestation. The pressure on timber as a resource may increase due to international demand and European companies may start large-scale felling in neighbouring Ukraine. Currently unprotected areas of virgin forest can be permanently preserved in the Ukrainian Carpathians by expanding and reinforcing conservation areas. In the Ukrainian Carpathians there are nine national parks and two biosphere reserves. There is a general ban on tree felling in coniferous forest areas above 1,100 metres. If park administrations are shown to work, management of larger, previously unprotected areas of virgin forest to preserve them on a permanent basis, may occur. There are roughly 100,000 additional hectares of forest which could be integrated into the existing conservation areas.[4]
List of component parts
The component parts included in the site as of August 2021 are:[1][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
* Only boundary modification.
Udava (Bukovské Vrchy, Slovakia) was created by modifying the boundary of Stužica before. Falascone (Italy) in turn was named previously Umbra Forest (Foresta Umbra).[11][12]
This is a transnational serial nature UNESCO World Heritage Site, encompassing 94 component parts (forests) in 18 European countries.[1] The total area of component parts is 98,125.15 ha (242,472.5 acres), including buffer zones 392,846.02 ha (970,743.7 acres). The largest total area of component parts is in Ukraine and Romania – 54% total (41% including buffer zones).
Forms of protection
Component parts of this property overlap more or less with various protected areas like national parks, nature reserves, Natura 2000 network.[13][14][15][9][11][16][17]
Abbreviations:
C – count of component parts in a given cluster
N – overlapping with Natura 2000 areas
Tentative list
This forest is placed on the World Heritage Tentative list as a proposal for the expansion of the Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe site:
Montenegro[18]
- Virgin Forest Reserve in NP Biogradska Gora
Gallery
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Forest in Stuzica
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Havešová
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Stužica
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Freshwater stream in Stužica
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Stužica
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Dlaboka Reka
Notes
- ^ Geographic coordinates corrected from "N49 4 14 E22 3 1" to N49°4’58’’ E22°35’45’’
- ^ a b "Uholka-Shyrikyi Luh" corrected to "Uholka-Shyrokyi Luh".
- ^ a b "Strimbu Băiuț" changed to "Strâmbu Băiuț".
- ^ "Gorna Solinka" corrected to "Górna Solinka".
- ^ "Polonina Wetlinska" corrected to "Połonina Wetlińska".
- ^ a b "Roztochya" corrected to "Roztochchya".
- ^ "Stara reka Reserve[8][10]" corrected to "Steneto Reserve[5][8]".
- ^ "Severen Dzhendem Reserve[8][10]" corrected to "Stara Reka Reserve[5][8]".
- ^ a b "Peesh skali" corrected to "Peeshti skali".
- ^ Latitude corrected from "N41 143" to N41°14’43’’
References
- ^ a b c "Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe". UNESCO. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe". UNESCO.
- ^ "Unesco approves the extension of the Carpathian Primary Beech forests".
- ^ "Protecting virgin forest in the Ukrainian Carpathians".
- ^ a b c Jovanović, Ivana; Dragišić, Aleksandar; Ostojić, Dragana; Krsteski, Biljana (2019). "BEECH FORESTS AS WORLD HERITAGE IN ASPECT TO THE NEXT EXTENSION OF THE ANCIENT AND PRIMEVAL BEECH FORESTS OF THE CARPATHIANS AND OTHER REGIONS OF EUROPE WORLD HERITAGE SITE". Nature Conservation. 69 (1–2): 15–32. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
- ^ UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION; CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE; WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE (11 May 2007). "WHC-07/31.COM/8B; Item 8B of the Provisional Agenda: Nominations to the World Heritage List" (PDF). World Heritage. Vol. 31.COM: Thirty first Session, Christchurch, New Zealand, 23 June – 2 July 2007. Paris: UNESCO. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION; CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE; WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE (6 May 2011). "WHC-11/35.COM/8B; Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Establishment of the World Heritage List and of the List of World Heritage in Danger; 8B. Nominations to the World Heritage List" (PDF). World Heritage. Vol. 35.COM: Thirty-fifth session, Paris, UNESCO Headquarters, 19 – 29 June 2011. Paris: UNESCO. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION; CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE (19 May 2017). "WHC/17/41.COM/8B; Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Establishment of the World Heritage List and of the List of World Heritage in Danger; 8B. Nominations to the World Heritage List" (PDF). World Heritage. Vol. 41.COM: Forty first session, Krakow, Poland, 2 12 July 2017. Paris: UNESCO. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe" as extension to the existing Natural World Heritage Site "Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany" (1133bis). NOMINATION DOSSIER to the UNESCO for the Inscription on the World Heritage List. IUCN. January 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
- ^ a b c UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION; CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE; WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE (4 June 2021). "WHC/21/44.COM/8B; Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Establishment of the World Heritage List and of the List of World Heritage in Danger; 8B. Nominations to the World Heritage List". World Heritage. Vol. 31.COM: Extended forty-fourth session, Fuzhou (China) / Online meeting, 16 – 31 July 2021. Paris: UNESCO. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c 'Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe' as extension to the existing Natural World Heritage Site 'Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe' (1133ter). Nomination Dossier to the UNESCO for the Inscription on the World Heritage List. IUCN. January 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
- ^ a b "ANCIENT AND PRIMEVAL BEECH FORESTS OF THE CARPATHIANS AND OTHER REGIONS OF EUROPE; BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, CZECHIA, FRANCE, ITALY, MONTENEGRO, NORTH MACEDONIA, POLAND, SERBIA, SLOVAKIA, SWITZERLAND – ID N° 1133quater". IUCN World Heritage Evaluations 2021 (WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B2.ADD); ADDENDUM: IUCN Evaluations of nominations of natural and mixed properties to the World Heritage List; IUCN REPORT FOR THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE, extended 44th Session, 16-31 JULY 2021, Fu zhou (CHina) / online. IUCN. May 2021. pp. 5–26. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
- ^ BEECH PRIMEVAL FORESTS OF THE CARPATHIANS. Nomination dossier 2007 to the UNESCO for the Inscription on the World Heritage List; Nomination of the “Ancient Beech Forests of Germany” as Extension to the World Natural Heritage “Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians” (1133). Nomination Dossier 2011 to the UNESCO for the Inscription on the World Heritage List (PDF). IUCN. 2011 [2007]. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ^ WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION – IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION PRIMEVAL BEECH FORESTS OF THE CARPATHIANS (SLOVAKIA AND UKRAINE) – ID No. 1133. IUCN. May 2007. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ^ WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION – IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION ANCIENT BEECH FORESTS OF GERMANY (GERMANY) – ID No. 1133 bis (Extension of Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians, Slovakia and Ukraine). IUCN. May 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ^ "Sonianforest". Foundation Sonian Forest. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ^ "Natura 2000 Network Viewer". European Environment Agency. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ^ "Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (Montenegro)". UNESCO. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
External links
- "Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 28 September 2008.
- Beauty and changes of Primeval beech forests throughout a year
- World Heritage Sites in Bulgaria
- World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic
- Ecoregions of Europe
- Flora of Albania
- Flora of Slovakia
- Flora of Ukraine
- Forests of Albania
- Old-growth forests
- Protected areas of the Eastern Carpathians
- Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
- Transboundary protected areas
- World Heritage Sites in Albania
- World Heritage Sites in Austria
- World Heritage Sites in Belgium
- World Heritage Sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- World Heritage Sites in Croatia
- World Heritage Sites in France
- World Heritage Sites in Germany
- World Heritage Sites in Italy
- World Heritage Sites in North Macedonia
- World Heritage Sites in Poland
- World Heritage Sites in Romania
- World Heritage Sites in Slovakia
- World Heritage Sites in Slovenia
- World Heritage Sites in Spain
- World Heritage Sites in Switzerland
- World Heritage Sites in Ukraine