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Terek Oblast

Coordinates: 43°01′00″N 44°39′00″E / 43.0167°N 44.6500°E / 43.0167; 44.6500
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Terek Oblast
Терская область
Oblast
Flag of Terek Oblast
Flag
Coat of arms of Terek Oblast
Coat of arms
Administrative map of the Terek Oblast
Administrative map of the Terek Oblast
LandRussian Empire
ViceroyaltyCaucasus
Established1873
Abolished1917
CapitalVladikavkaz
Area
 • Total69,271 km2 (26,746 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Elbrus)
5,642 m (18,510 ft)
Population
 (1916)
 • Total1,377,923
 • Density20/km2 (52/sq mi)
 • Urban
17.50%
 • Rural
82.50%

The Terek Oblast (Russian: Терская область) was an oblast (province) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, roughly corresponding to the central part of Russia's North Caucasian Federal District. With its administrative center in Vladikavkaz, the contemporary capital of North-Ossetia-Alania within the Russian Federation, the Terek Oblast was originally created out of the former territories of the North Caucasian Peoples, following their conquests by Russia throughout the 19th century. The Terek Oblast bordered the Astrakhan and Stavropol governorates to the north, the Kuban Oblast to the west, the Kutais and Tiflis governorates to the south, and the Dagestan Oblast to the east.

History

Since 1860, it has been an administrative-territorial unit of Russia (it was created by decree of Emperor Alexander II , the regulation on the administration of the region was approved in 1862). The region initially included eight districts: Argun , Ingush , Ichkerinsky , Kabarda , Kumyk , Nagorny , Ossetian and Chechen . [1][2]

On November 29, 1866, the provincial city of Mozdok was expelled from the Stavropol province and added to the Terek region[3].

On December 9, 1867, the city of Kizlyar with part of the county was expelled from the Stavropol province to the Terek region[4] .

In 1868, the provincial city of Georgievsk[5] was expelled from the Stavropol province to the Terek region . In 1869, the Kumyk and Nagorny okrugs were merged into the Khasavyurt okrug .

In 1870, administrative transformations were carried out in the Terek region. The Ossetian and Ingush districts were merged into one Vladikavkaz district. The districts were divided into sections. 7 districts were formed: Argunsky , Vedensky , Vladikavkazsky , Georgievsky , Grozny , Kizlyarsky and Khasavyurtovsky . In 1874, the city of Pyatigorsk was annexed to the Terek region . In 1874 Georgievsky district was renamed into Pyatigorsk district[6].

The regional government was opened on January 1 ( 13 ), 1871. On July 1 ( 13 ), 1886 , the region was transformed and transferred to the jurisdiction of the Military Ministry in accordance with the highest decree of the Governing Senate on March 21 ( April 2), 1886[7] .

In 1882, the Pyatigorsk district was divided into two - Pyatigorsk and Nalchik. CMS became part of the Pyatigorsk district with the center in Pyatigorsk[8] .

In 1888, the military and people's administration was reformed, the Terek region was divided into three departments - Kizlyar , Pyatigorsk and Sunzhensky , and four districts: Nalchik , Vladikavkaz , Grozny and Khasavyurt . In 1899 the Mozdok department was formed .

In 1905, the Sunzhensky department, in which Cossacks and Ingush lived, was temporarily divided into the Sunzhensky Cossack district and the Ingush (Nazranovsky) district, in 1909 the Ingush and Sunzhensky districts were officially divided[9] .

In March 1920, the Terek region was abolished.

On January 20, 1921, the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Terek Governorate were formed on the territory of the former Terek Oblast . The Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic originally included 8 districts (Balkarsky, Digorsky, Ingush, Kabarda, Karachaevsky, Ossetian, Sunzhensky and Chechensky) and 2 autonomous cities - Vladikavkaz and Grozny . In 1922, the Digorsky district became part of the Ossetian. Subsequently, autonomous okrugs emerged from the Mountain ASSR (then transformed into autonomous regions): Kabardian (September 1, 1921), Karachaevsky (January 12, 1922), Balkarsky (January 16, 1922), Chechen (November 30, 1922).

From the end of 1922 to 1924, there was the Mountain ASSR autonomous republic consisting of three districts - Ossetian, Ingush and Sunzhensky. On July 7, 1924, the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was abolished[10].

In addition to the indicated North Caucasian republics, completely located within the former Terek region, part of its territory is currently included in the Stavropol Krai and Dagestan .


Administrative divisions

In 1862, the Terek Oblast consisted of 8 okrugs (districts):

By 1917, the Terek Oblast consisted of 6 okrugs (districts), 4 otdels (Cossack districts), and one pristavstvo:

Demographics

As of 1897, 933,936 people populated the oblast. Russians constituted a plurality of the population. Significant minorities consisted of Chechens, Ossetians, Kabardians, Ingush, Nogais, Kumyks and Tatars.

Russian Imperial Census of 1897[11]

Russians 271,185 29%
Chechens 223,347 23.9%
Ossetians 96,621 10.3%
Kabardians 84,093 9%
Ingush 47,184 5.1%
Nogais 36,577 3.9%
Kumyks 31,826 3.4%
Tatars 27,370 2.9%
Armenians 11,803 1.3%
TOTAL 933,936 100%

Caucasian Calendar of 1917

The 1917 Caucasian Calendar which produced statistics of 1916 indicates 1,377,923 residents in the Terek Oblast, including 722,685 men and 655,238 women, 1,113,608 of whom were the permanent population, and 264,315 were temporary residents.[12]

Ethno-religious groups in the Terek Oblast according to the 1917 Caucasian Calendar[12]
Okrug/Otdel (district) Russians Other Europeans Georgians Armenians North Caucasians Other Asian Nationalities Gypsies Jews TOTAL
Orthodox Sectarian Christian Shia Muslim Sunni Muslim
Vedeno 307 0 7 6 13 127,048 0 26 311 0 0 127,718
0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 99.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%
Vladikavkaz 37,463 11,325 7,360 1,674 8,386 138,171 0 2,463 0 102 798 207,742
18.0% 5.5% 3.5% 0.8% 4.0% 66.5% 0.0% 1.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% 100.0%
Grozny 56,891 884 1,918 0 1,844 133,080 0 0 0 0 1,127 195,744
29.1% 0.5% 1.0% 0.0% 0.9% 68.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 100.0%
Nazran 197 7 0 0 0 58,842 0 0 0 0 0 59,046
0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 99.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%
Nalchik 36,060 1,750 5,299 0 350 134,390 0 0 0 1,660 1,025 180,534
20.0% 1.0% 2.9% 0.0% 0.2% 74.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 0.6% 100.0%
Kizlyar 92,956 340 353 1,184 7,201 2,417 0 3,432 28,294 0 572 136,749
68.0% 0.2% 0.3% 0.9% 5.3% 1.8% 0.0% 2.5% 20.7% 0.0% 0.4% 100.0%
Mozdok 75,910 4,725 4,225 50 8,410 13,895 350 0 65 15 100 107,745
70.5% 4.4% 3.9% 0.0% 7.8% 12.9% 0.3% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 100.0%
Pyatigorsk 174,980 7,380 10,921 862 4,001 1,633 8 236 31 109 325 200,486
87.3% 3.7% 5.4% 0.4% 2.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 100.0%
Sunzha 72,276 1,731 62 185 138 87 0 0 26 0 0 74,505
97.0% 2.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%
Khasavyurt 16,711 1,148 6,155 0 87 61,640 0 0 0 0 1,913 87,654
19.1% 1.3% 7.0% 0.0% 0.1% 70.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.2% 100.0%
TOTAL 563,751 29,290 36,300 3,961 30,430 671,203 358 6,157 28,727 1,886 5,860 1,377,923
40.9% 2.1% 2.6% 0.3% 2.2% 48.7% 0.0% 0.4% 2.1% 0.1% 0.4% 100.0%

References

  1. ^ "Полное собрание законов Российской Империи. Собрание Второе. Том XXXVII. Отделение 1". runivers.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  2. ^ Куваева, Л.В.; Засеева, А.В. (2018). "Анализ численности населения Северного Кавказа во второй половине ХХ века". Научный диалог: Вопросы философии, социологии, истории, политологии. ЦНК МНИФ «Общественная наука». doi:10.18411/spc-01-04-2018-09.
  3. ^ "Хроника административно-территориальных изменений, коснувшихся Ставрополье с 1785 года по настоящее время". web.archive.org. 2018-07-18. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  4. ^ "Хроника административно-территориальных изменений, коснувшихся Ставрополье с 1785 года по настоящее время". web.archive.org. 2018-07-18. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  5. ^ Горбунов-Посадов, М.М. (2020). "БОЛЬШАЯ СОЮЗНАЯ ЭНЦИКЛОПЕДИЯ". Проектирование цифрового будущего. Научные подходы. АО "РИЦ "ТЕХНОСФЕРА". doi:10.22184/978.5.94836.575.6.82.87.
  6. ^ Хритова, М.А.; Гилёва, Н.А. (2021-09-25). "ПРОГРАММА ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ АФТЕРШОКОВ ХУБСУГУЛЬСКОГО ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЯ 11 ЯНВАРЯ 2021 ГОДА". ПРОБЛЕМЫ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ГЕОФИЗИЧЕСКОГО МОНИТОРИНГА СЕЙСМОАКТИВНЫХ РЕГИОНОВ: 418–423. doi:10.35540/903258-451.2021.8.80.
  7. ^ Горбунов-Посадов, М.М. (2020). "БОЛЬШАЯ СОЮЗНАЯ ЭНЦИКЛОПЕДИЯ". Проектирование цифрового будущего. Научные подходы. АО "РИЦ "ТЕХНОСФЕРА". doi:10.22184/978.5.94836.575.6.82.87.
  8. ^ Хритова, М.А.; Гилёва, Н.А. (2021-09-25). "ПРОГРАММА ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ АФТЕРШОКОВ ХУБСУГУЛЬСКОГО ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЯ 11 ЯНВАРЯ 2021 ГОДА". ПРОБЛЕМЫ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ГЕОФИЗИЧЕСКОГО МОНИТОРИНГА СЕЙСМОАКТИВНЫХ РЕГИОНОВ: 418–423. doi:10.35540/903258-451.2021.8.80.
  9. ^ Куваева, Л.В.; Засеева, А.В. (2018). "Анализ численности населения Северного Кавказа во второй половине ХХ века". Научный диалог: Вопросы философии, социологии, истории, политологии. ЦНК МНИФ «Общественная наука». doi:10.18411/spc-01-04-2018-09.
  10. ^ "Климанов А.Ю. Проблемы кадровой политики, профессиональной подготовки и переподготовки на предприятиях машиностроительной отрасли в 1960–1970-е гг. (на примере Московского станкостроительного завода имени Серго Орджоникидзе)". Исторический журнал: научные исследования. 5 (5): 172–188. 2017-05. doi:10.7256/2454-0609.2017.5.23128. ISSN 2454-0609. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru.
  12. ^ a b Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год (in Russian). Tiflis: Office of the Viceroy of the Caucasus. 1917. pp. 373–378.

43°01′00″N 44°39′00″E / 43.0167°N 44.6500°E / 43.0167; 44.6500


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