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Ruscism

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For information about influence of the Russian language on other languages, see Russianism.
Destroyed Russian tank with "Z" symbol during 2022 Russia invasion of Ukraine. The Z symbol was widely used by Russian armed forces and pro-war Russians worldwide, and it has been compared to the fascist swastika[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Rashism oder Ruscism (Russian: Рашизм, romanized: Rashizm, pronounced [rɐˈʂɨzm]; a portmanteau of "Russia" and "fascism"[7]) is an assertion that Russland has been transformed into a fascist country. That transformation was described as based on the ideas of the "special civilizational mission" of the Russians, such as Moscow as the third Rome and expansionism.[8][9][10] This is also a claim widely used to identify supporters of Russian military aggression.[11]

History of the term

The phenomenon was described as Russism by the President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Dzhokhar Dudayev,[12][13] who saw the military action by Russia in Caucasus as a manifestation of the rising far-right ideology. According to Dudayev,[14] "Ruscism is a variety of hate ideology which is based on Great Russian chauvinism, spritlessness and immorality. It differs from other forms of fascism, racism, and nationalism by a more extreme cruelty, both to man and to nature. It is based on the destruction of everything and everyone, the tactics of scorched earth."

The term became more common in informal circles in 2008, during the Russo-Georgian War.[15][16] The term started proliferation in the mass media during the annexation of Ukrainian peninsula Crimea by the Russian Federation,[17] the Ukrainian-claimed downing of a Boeing 777 near Donetsk on 17 July 2014, and the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014.[18][19]

Timothy Snyder believes that the ideology of Putin and his regime was influenced by philosopher Ivan Ilyin.[20][21][22][23] Vladislav Inozemtsev, Russian academician, considers that Russia is an early-stage fascist state, thus claiming the current Russian political regime as fascist.[24] Tomasz Kamusella, Polish scholar researching nationalism and ethnicity, and Alister Heath, journalist at The Daily Telegraph, describe the current authoritarian Russian political regime as Putin's fascism.[25][26] Maria Snegovaya believes that Russia as led by Putin is a fascist regime.[27][28]

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

The terms rashism and rashist are in common usage among military and political elites of Ukraine, as well as by journalists, influencers, bloggers, etc.[29][30][31] For example, Oleksiy Danilov, Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council, advocates the use of the word in the meaning of Russian/Putin's fascism, to describe Russia's aggression against Ukraine. He also stated that rashism is much worse than fascism.[32]

"Today, I would like to appeal to all journalists to use the word 'rashism', because this is a new phenomenon in world history that Mr. Putin has made with his country - modern rashists who are not much different from fascists. I will explain why: because before there was no such opportunity to destroy cities with so many air bombs, such equipment, there was no such force. Now absolutely other capacities and they use them as inhuman ", — Oleksiy Danilov.[33]

On April 14, 2022, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine recognized the Russian Federation as a terrorist state with a totalitarian neo-Nazi regime and banned its propaganda, as well as the propaganda of the act of Russian aggression against Ukraine.[34]

Proponents

Aleksandr Dugin, a Russian philosopher widely perceived as holding fascist views.

Russian fascist[35][36] Alexander Dugin in his book The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia, which had a significant impact on Russia's military, police and foreign policy elites, argued that Ukraine should be annexed by Russia because "Ukraine as a state has no geopolitical meaning, no particular cultural import or universal significance, no geographic uniqueness, no ethnic exclusiveness, its certain territorial ambitions represents an enormous danger for all of Eurasia and, without resolving the Ukrainian problem, it is in general senseless to speak about continental politics. Ukraine should not be allowed to remain independent, unless it is cordon sanitaire, which would be inadmissible".[37] The book may have been influential in Vladimir Putin's foreign policy, which eventually led to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[38]

During the large-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, when the victims of the massacres in Kyiv Oblast became known,[39][40] the website of the Russian state news agency RIA Novosti published an article "What Russia should do with Ukraine", perceived to justify a Ukrainian genocide. It calls for repression, de-Ukrainization, de-Europeanization, and ethnocide of the Ukrainian people.[41][42][43][44][45][46] According to Oxford expert on Russian affairs Samuel Ramani, the article "represents mainstream Kremlin thinking".[47] According to Euractiv, Sergeitsev is "one of the ideologists of modern Russian fascism".[48] The head of the Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Edgars Rinkēvičs called the article "ordinary fascism".[49]

Features and characteristics

A destroyed Russian tank with Z symbols (Mariupol, Ukraine)

Political scientist Stanislav Belkovsky argues that Rashism is disguised as anti-fascism, but has a fascist face and essence.[50] Political scientist Ruslan Klyuchnik notes that the Russian elite considers itself entitled to build its own "sovereign democracy" without reference to Western standards, but taking into account Russia's traditions of state-building. Administrative resources in Russia are one of the means of preserving the democratic facade, which hides the mechanism of absolute manipulation of the will of citizens.[51]

Russian political scientist Andrey Piontkovsky argues that the ideology of Rashism is in many ways similar to Nazism, while the speeches of President Vladimir Putin reflect similar ideas to those of Adolf Hitler.[52][53]

According to Alexander J. Motyl, an American historian and political scientist, Russian fascism has the following characteristics:[54]

  • An undemocratic political system, different from both traditional authoritarianism and totalitarianism;
  • Statism and hypernationalism;
  • A hypermasculine cult of the supreme leader (emphasis on his courage, militancy and physical prowess);
  • General popular support for the regime and its leader.

According to Professor Oleksandr Kostenko, Rashism is an ideology that is "based on illusions and justifies the admissibility of any arbitrariness for the sake of misinterpreted interests of Russian society. In foreign policy, racism manifests itself, in particular, in violation of the principles of international law, imposing its version of historical truth on the world solely in favor of Russia, abusing the right of veto in the UN Security Council, and so on. In domestic politics, racism is a violation of human rights to freedom of thought, persecution of members of the "dissent movement", the use of the media to misinform their people, and so on." Oleksandr Kostenko also considers Rashism a manifestation of sociopathy.[55]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Rashism or why russians are the new Nazi". voxukraine.org. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  2. ^ "The letter Z is a symbol that the rashists chose by chance, like Hitler in his time, a solar sign of Hinduism, said on the air of Radio NV marketing Andrii Fedorov". nv.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  3. ^ ""Ordinary russicism": Putin openly and consistently imitates Hitler". Radio Svoboda (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  4. ^ "Ordinary ruscism. As one letter captured and nazificated Russia". www.pravda.com.ua. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  5. ^ "Z is a Nazi symbol of self-destruction". armyinform.com.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  6. ^ "New swastika: why the Russians chose the letter Z". bukinfo.com.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  7. ^ Міщенко, Михайло (1 March 2022). "Рашизм і фашизм: знайдіть дві відмінності". Український інтерес. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  8. ^ Gregor, A. James (1998). "Fascism and the New Russian Nationalism". Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 31 (1): 1–15. ISSN 0967-067X.
  9. ^ "Is Putin's Russia Fascist?". Atlantic Council. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  10. ^ "The antisemitism animating Putin's claim to 'denazify' Ukraine | Jason Stanley". the Guardian. 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  11. ^ "Ідеологія рашизму має бути засуджена світом, як нацизм і фашизм – історик". www.ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  12. ^ "Русизм - шизофреническая форма мании мирового господства | АРГУМЕНТ". argumentua.com. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  13. ^ I warned my people the Russians would use planes and tanks against us, but that we would triumph because of the spirit of our nation, by Angus Roxburgh, The Guardian
  14. ^ Dzhokhar Dudayev: What is Ruscism?" by Chechenpress
  15. ^ "Росія і рашисти: хто стоїть за спиною Путіна | Expres.online". Експрес онлайн (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  16. ^ "Настоящий "рашизм": в России составляют списки евреев, которых нужно депортировать как "несогласных" с Путиным". Bagnet.org. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  17. ^ законы, Конфликты и. "Рашизм – не пройдет, или трудно быть человеком". Конфликты и законы (in Russian). Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  18. ^ "Томенко назвал борьбу с рашизмом новым серьезным мировым испытанием". OBOZREVATEL NEWS (in Russian). 18 July 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  19. ^ "Остановить рашизм. Новый урок для мира". www.unian.net (in Russian). Retrieved 26 February 2022.
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  21. ^ Nikiforuk, Andrew (25 February 2022). "Meet the Face of Global Fascism". The Tyee. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  22. ^ "Understand Putin by understanding his favourite thinkers". The Economist. 5 April 2018. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  23. ^ "Timothy Snyder: "God Is a Russian" | Russian, East European, & Eurasian Studies at Yale". reees.macmillan.yale.edu. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  24. ^ Inozemtsev, Vladislav. "Putin's Russia: A Moderate Fascist State by Vladislav Inozemtsev". Center for Transatlantic Relations. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  25. ^ Kamusella, Tomasz. "Putin's Fascism". wachtyrz.eu. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  26. ^ Heath, Allister (9 March 2022). "Putin's monstrous new fascism has destroyed the globalised world order". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  27. ^ "Is Putin's Russia Fascist?". Atlantic Council. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  28. ^ Snegovaya, Maria. "Is it Time to Drop the F-Bomb on Russia? Why Putin is Almost a Fascist". Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  29. ^ "Рашисти готуються відновити наступ у напрямку Києва: як минула доба на фронті". glavcom.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  30. ^ ""Рашисти будуть вигнані з нашої землі": Ігор Кондратюк підтримав ЗСУ". www.unian.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  31. ^ "Рашисти влаштували бомбардування території Білорусі | Defense Express". defence-ua.com (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  32. ^ "Рашизм – нове явище, вони вже перевершили фашистів, – Данілов про жорстокість окупантів". 24 Канал (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  33. ^ "Данілов за використання слова "рашизм" для визначення агресії Росії проти України". ukranews_com (in Ukrainian). 2022-03-11. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  34. ^ "Рада визнала Росію неонацистською державою-терористом та заборонила її пропаганду". LIGA (in Ukrainian). 2022-04-14. Retrieved 2022-04-14.
  35. ^ "Аргумент.уа: Профессор Дугин, обычный русский фашист". Archived from the original on 29 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  36. ^ "Le Raspoutine de Poutine. Chantre d'un fascisme panslave, l'ultranationaliste Alexandre Douguine est un conseiller occulte du chef du Kremlin. Son but ? Annexer une partie de l'Ukraine et reconstituer l'empire russe.— Article publié dans le Nouvel Observateur le 30 avril 2014". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
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  38. ^ Farmer, Brit McCandless (12 April 2022). "Aleksandr Dugin: The far-right theorist behind Putin's plan". 60 Minutes. CBS News. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  39. ^ "Бучанська різанина: російська армія звірствувала в передмісті Києва, кадри жаху сколихнули увесь світ". ТСН.ua (in Ukrainian). 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  40. ^ "Бучанська різанина - це злочин проти людяності, який не матиме терміну давності, - дипломат". espreso.tv (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  41. ^ "У кремлівському ЗМІ вийшла стаття, де відкрито обґрунтовується необхідність геноциду в Україні". 24 Канал (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  42. ^ "«Це заклики до геноциду»: омбудсмен пояснила, що означає стаття в РІА «Новости»". www.ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  43. ^ "Росія через державні ЗМІ виправдовує етноцид українців – Денісова".
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  45. ^ ""Ми разом маємо зупинити тих, хто хоче геноциду в Європі": Зеленський звернувся до парламенту Румунії". ТСН.ua (in Ukrainian). 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  46. ^ ONLINE.UA. "В ОП відреагували на статтю кремлівського ЗМІ з планами по знищенню України". www.online.ua. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  47. ^ "'Genocide masterplan': Experts alarmed after Kremlin intellectual calls for 'cleansed' Ukraine". news.yahoo.com.
  48. ^ Rukomeda, Roman (6 April 2022). "'The whole world can observe the clash of civilization and anticivilization'". www.euractiv.com.
  49. ^ Цензор.НЕТ. "Звичайний фашизм, - глава МЗС Латвії щодо статті "Що Росія має зробити з Україною"". Цензор.НЕТ (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  50. ^ "Путин будет захватывать новые территории, чтобы проложить путь к Балканам - эксперты". ТСН.ua (in Russian). 23 March 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  51. ^ "Західна аналітична група". 5 September 2014. Archived from the original on 5 September 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  52. ^ Що переможе: здоровий глузд чи імперські амбіції? Андрій Піонтковський., retrieved 26 February 2022
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  54. ^ "Війни творять нації, а народні війни творять непереможні нації. Олександр Мотиль — Локальна історія". localhistory.org.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  55. ^ Олександр КОСТЕНКО (18 March 2014). "Що таке "рашизм"?" (in Ukrainian). Газета «День».

Further reading

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruscism&oldid=1082758180"