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List of longest-reigning monarchs

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Sladnick (talk | contribs) at 00:48, 6 July 2022 (→‎Monarchs whose exact dates of rule are unknown: Kingdom of Mrauk-U was founded in 1429; this monarch is from an earlier period of Arakan history.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For the current reigning monarchs, see List of current reigning monarchs by length of reign.

Louis XIV,
the longest-ruling sovereign monarch whose reign is verifiable by exact date.
Elizabeth II,
the longest-ruling living sovereign monarch whose reign is verifiable by exact date.[a]

This is a list of the longest-reigning monarchs of all time, detailing the monarchs and lifelong leaders who have reigned the longest in world history, ranked by length of reign.

Monarchs of sovereign states with verifiable reigns by exact date

Twenty-five longest-reigning monarchs of states that were internationally recognised as sovereign for most or all of their reign.

  Incumbent
No. Portrait Name State Reign Duration Ref.
From To (days) (years, days)
1 Louis XIV  France 14 May 1643 1 September 1715 26,407 72 years, 110 days [1]
2 Elizabeth II
6 February 1952 Incumbent 26,461 72 years, 163 days [2][3]
3 Rama IX  Thailand 9 June 1946 13 October 2016 25,694 70 years, 126 days [4]
4 Johann II  Liechtenstein 12 November 1858 11 February 1929 25,658 70 years, 91 days [5]
5 Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal I Palenque 27 July 615[c] 29 August 683 24,870 68 years, 33 days [6][8]
6 Franz Joseph I
2 December 1848 21 November 1916 24,825 67 years, 355 days [9]
7 Ferdinand III
6 October 1759 4 January 1825 23,831 65 years, 90 days [10]
8 Victoria  United Kingdom 20 June 1837 22 January 1901 23,226 63 years, 216 days [11]
9 James I Aragon 12 September 1213 27 July 1276 22,964 62 years, 319 days [12]
10 Emperor Shōwa[e]
25 December 1926 7 January 1989 22,659 62 years, 13 days [14]
11 Kangxi Emperor[f]  China (Qing dynasty) 5 February 1661 20 December 1722 22,597 61 years, 318 days [15]
12 Qianlong Emperor[g]  China (Qing dynasty) 18 October 1735 9 February 1796 22,029 60 years, 114 days[h] [16]
13 Christian IV  Denmark–Norway 4 April 1588 28 February 1648 21,879 59 years, 330 days [17]
14 George III
25 October 1760 29 January 1820 21,644[18] 59 years, 96 days [19]
15 Honoré III  Monaco 7 November 1733 19 January 1793 21,623 59 years, 73 days [20]
16 Louis XV  France 1 September 1715 10 May 1774 21,436 58 years, 251 days [21]
17 Pedro II  Brazil 7 April 1831 15 November 1889 21,407 58 years, 222 days [22]
18 Al-Mustansir Billah  Fatimid Caliphate 13 June 1036 29 December 1094 21,383 58 years, 199 days [k]
19 Nicholas I
13 August 1860 26 November 1918 21,288 58 years, 105 days [27]
20 Wilhelmina  Netherlands 23 November 1890 4 September 1948 21,104 57 years, 286 days [28]
21 James VI  Scotland 24 July 1567 27 March 1625 21,066 57 years, 246 days [29]
22 Conrad I Burgundy 12 July 937[l] 19 October 993 20,553 56 years, 99 days [30]
23 Alfonso VIII  Castile 31 August 1158 5 October 1214 20,489 56 years, 35 days [32]
24 Henry III  England 28 October 1216 16 November 1272 20,473 56 years, 19 days [33]
25 Lý Nhân Tông Lý Dynasty (Vietnam) 3 February 1072 15 January 1128 20,434 55 years, 346 days
Updated daily according to UTC.

Monarchs of dependent or constituent states with verifiable reigns by exact date

Sobhuza II, the longest-reigning verifiable monarch ever.

The table below contains monarchs of states that were not internationally sovereign for most of their reign.

No. Portrait Name State Reign Duration
From To (days) (years, days)
1 Sobhuza II[m] Swaziland (British protectorate until 1968) 10 December 1899 21 August 1982 30,204 82 years, 254 days
2 Bernhard VII[35] Lippe (Holy Roman Empire) 12 August 1429 2 April 1511 29,818 81 years, 234 days
3 Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo Chotanagpur (British Raj) 2 January 1872 21 September 1950 28,751 78 years, 262 days
4 William IV[35] Henneberg-Schleusingen (Holy Roman Empire) 26 May 1480 24 January 1559 28,731 78 years, 243 days
5 Karansinhji II Vajirajji[36] Lakhtar State (part of British Raj from 1858) 15 June 1846 8 August 1924 28,543 78 years, 54 days
6 Heinrich XI[n][37][38][35] Reuss-Obergreiz (Holy Roman Empire) 17 March 1723 28 June 1800 28,227 77 years, 103 days
7 Idris ibni Muhammad al-Qadri,[35] Tunku Besar of Tampin Tampin (Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia) (part of British Malaya until 1957) 31 May 1929 26 December 2005 27,968 76 years, 209 days
8 Christian August[35] Palatinate-Sulzbach (Holy Roman Empire) 14 August 1632 23 April 1708 27,645 75 years, 253 days
9 Bishan Chandra Jenamuni Rairakhol (part of British Raj from 1858) 13 March 1825 27 June 1900 27,499 75 years, 106 days
10 Charles I Eu (France) 16 June 1397 25 July 1472 27,432 75 years, 39 days
11 Mudhoji IV Rao Naik Nimbalkar[35] Phaltan (part of British Raj from 1858) 7 December 1841 17 October 1916 27,342 74 years, 315 days
12 Bhagvatsingh Sahib[35] Gondal State (British Raj) 14 December 1869 10 March 1944 27,114 74 years, 87 days
13 George William[35] Schaumburg-Lippe (Holy Roman Empire until 1806,from 1815 part of the German Confederation. Ruled as Count until 1807, as Prince thereafter) 13 February 1787 21 November 1860 26,944 73 years, 282 days
14 Charles Frederick[35] Baden (Holy Roman Empire until 1806) 12 May 1738 10 June 1811 26,691 73 years, 29 days
15 John III Louis Nassau-Saarbrücken (Holy Roman Empire) 19 October 1472 4 June 1545 26,525 72 years, 228 days[o]
16 Henry Frederick Hohenlohe-Langenburg (Holy Roman Empire) 29 January 1628 5 August 1699 26,121 71 years, 188 days
17 Jagatjit Singh Kapurthala (British Raj) 3 September 1877 20 August 1948 25,918 70 years, 352 days[p]
18 Parashuramrao Shrinivas Aundh (British India) 30 August 1777 11 June 1848 25,852 70 years, 286 days
19 Franz Karl Fürstenberg-Donaueschingen(Holy Roman Empire) 15 November 1627 19 July 1698 25,814 70 years, 246 days
20 Werner Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (Holy Roman Empire) 31 October 1559 26 December 1629 25,624 70 years, 56 days
21 Carl I August Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Holy Roman Empire until 1806,German Confederation from 1815) 28 May 1758 14 June 1828 25,584 70 years, 17 days
22 Georg I Anhalt-Dessau (Holy Roman Empire) 19 January 1405 21 September 1474 25,447 69 years, 245 days
23 Alberico I Massa and Carrara (Holy Roman Empire) 6 June 1553 18 January 1623 25,428 69 years, 226 days
24 Heinrich Joseph Johann Auersperg (Holy Roman Empire) 6 November 1713 9 February 1783 25,297 69 years, 95 days
25 Frederick III Inner Austria (Holy Roman Empire) 10 June 1424 19 August 1493 25,272 69 years, 70 days
26 George William Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (Holy Roman Empire) 16 December 1600 25 December 1669 25,211 69 years, 9 days
27 Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne Bouillon (Holy Roman Empire) 9 August 1652 26 July 1721 25,187 68 years, 351 days
28 Frederick V Hesse-Homburg (Holy Roman Empire until 1806,German Confederation from 1815) 7 February 1751 20 January 1820 25,183 68 years, 347 days
29 Vikramatji Khimojiraj[citation needed] Porbandar (British protectorate, then part of British Raj from 1858) 20 June 1831 21 April 1900 25,142 68 years, 305 days
30 Krishnaraja Wadiyar III Kingdom of Mysore

(Princely State of East India Company after 1831;[40] British Raj after 1857)

30 June 1799 27 March 1868 25,107 68 years, 271 days
31 Chintaman Rao I Appa Sahib Sangli (British India) 6 November 1782 15 July 1851 25,087 68 years, 251 days
32 Johann Friedrich [de] Castell-Rüdenhausen (Holy Roman Empire) 10 January 1681 23 June 1749 25,000 68 years, 164 days
33 Otto VI the One-Eyed Brunswick-Göttingen (Holy Roman Empire) 13 November 1394 6 February 1463 24,921 68 years, 85 days
34 Sawant Singh[citation needed] Pratapgarh (British India) 26 October 1775 5 January 1844 24,907 68 years, 71 days
35 Christian Karl Reinhard Leiningen-Dagsburg (Holy Roman Empire) 3 November 1698 17 November 1766 24,850 68 years, 14 days
36 Ram Singh Bundi State (British protectorate, then part of British Raj from 1858) 14 May 1821 28 March 1889 24,790 67 years, 318 days
37 Vakhatsinhji Meghrajji Vallabhipura (British Raj) 20 August 1875 5 June 1943 24,760 67 years, 289 days
38 Malietoa Tanumafili II Samoa 7 January 1940 11 May 2007 24,596 67 years, 124 days
39 Philip I [q] Lippe-Alverdissen (1613-1640

Schaumburg-Lippe (1640-1681) (Holy Roman Empire)

7 December 1613 10 April 1681 24,596 67 years, 124 days
40 Henry III Meissen (Holy Roman Empire) 18 January 1221 15 February 1288 24,499 67 years, 28 days
41 Eberhard IV Arenberg (Holy Roman Empire) 15 November 1387 12 November 1454 24,468 66 years, 362 days
42 Eleanor[r] Aquitaine (France) 9 April 1137 1 April 1204 24,464 66 years, 358 days
43 Augustus Anhalt-Plötzkau (Holy Roman Empire) 6 December 1586 22 August 1653 24,366 66 years, 259 days
44 Amarsinhji Banesinhji[s] Wankaner (British Raj) 12 June 1881 15 February 1948 24,353 66 years, 248 days
45 Khengarji III Cutch (British Raj) 19 December 1875 15 January 1942 24,133 66 years, 27 days
46 Sulaiman Sharif ul-'Alam Shah Sultanate of Serdang (Indonesia) 20 December 1879 4 December 1945 24,090 65 years, 349 days
47 Raja Raj Ram Singh I Sitamau (British Raj from 1858) 15 February 1802 28 November 1867 24,027 65 years, 286 days
48 William IV the Victorious Brunswick-Luneburg (Holy Roman Empire) 14 October 1416 25 July 1482 24,025 65 years, 284 days
49

Leopold III Anhalt-Dessau (Holy Roman Empire) 16 December 1751 9 August 1817 23,977 65 years, 236 days
50 Obizzo I Este and Ferrara (Holy Roman Empire) 15 December 1128 25 December 1193 23,751 65 years, 10 days
51 Jean I Brittany (France) 21 October 1221 8 October 1286 23,728 64 years, 352 days
52 Frederick William Hohenzollern-Hechingen (Holy Roman Empire) 13 January 1671 14 November 1735 23,680 64 years, 305 days
53 Johann Seyfried Eggenberg (Holy Roman Empire) 19 February 1649 5 October 1713 23,603 64 years, 228 days
54 Gangadhar Rao II Bala Sahib Patwardhan Miraj Senior (British Raj) 6 June 1875 11 December 1939 23,563 64 years, 188 days
55 Marie II Soissons (France) 25 October 1482 1 April 1547 23,533 64 years, 158 days
56 Vishwanath Singh Bahadur Chhatarpur (British Raj) 4 November 1867 4 April 1932 23,527 64 years, 152 days
57 Friedrich II Magnus Salm-Neuweiler (Holy Roman Empire) 26 October 1608 25 January 1673 23,467 64 years, 91 days}
58 Albert V Anhalt-Dessau (Holy Roman Empire) 19 January 1405 19 January 1469 23,376 64 years, 0 days
59 Ibrahim Johor, Malaysia (part of British Malaya until 1957) 4 June 1895 8 May 1959 23,348 63 years, 338 days
60 Sayajirao Gaekwad III Baroda State (British Raj) 27 May 1875 6 February 1939 23,265 63 years, 256 days
61 Ranjore Singh Ajaygarh [t] 12 September 1855 7 June 1919 23,278 63 years, 268 days
62 Albert Anton Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Holy Roman Empire) 4 November 1646 24 June 1710 23,242 63 years, 232 days
63 Anthony Günther Oldenburg (Holy Roman Empire) 12 November 1603 19 June 1667 23,230 63 years, 219 days
64 Frederick Augustus I[u] Saxony (Holy Roman Empire until 1806,German Confederation from 1815) 17 December 1763 5 May 1827 23,149 63 years, 139 days
65 Ludwig I [v] Anhalt (Holy Roman Empire) 6 December 1586 7 January 1650 23,043 63 years, 32 days
66 Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa Bahrain (British protectorate from 1880) 1 December 1869 9 December 1932 23,018 63 years, 8 days
67 Charles III Upper Lorraine (Holy Roman Empire) 12 June 1545 14 May 1608 22,982 62 years, 337 days
68 Johann Friedrich II Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen (Holy Roman Empire) 17 October 1702 24 August 1765 22,957 62 years, 311 days
69 Philipp Ernst Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (Holy Roman Empire) 21 February 1697 29 November 1759 22,925 62 years, 281 days
70 Bernhard II Saxe-Meiningen (Holy Roman Empire until 1806, German Confederation from 1815 to 1866) 24 December 1803 20 September 1866 22,916 62 years, 270 days
71 Philip II Nassau-Weilburg (Holy Roman Empire) 2 July 1429 19 March 1492 22,906 62 years, 261 days[w]
72 Nicolas Leopold I [de] Salm-Hoogstraat (Holy Roman Empire) 6 June 1707 4 February 1770 22,889 62 years, 243 days
73 Christian II [x] Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (Holy Roman Empire) 16 September 1654 25 April 1717 22,866 62 years, 221 days
74 Léopold Philippe Arenberg (Holy Roman Empire) 19 August 1691 4 March 1754 22,842 62 years, 197 days
75 Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan Tonk (British Raj) 20 December 1867 23 June 1930 22,830 62 years, 185 days
76 Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi Ras Al Khaimah (part of the British Protectorate of Trucial states until 1971, then the United Arab Emirates) 17 July 1948 27 October 2010 22,747 62 years, 102 days
77 Nahar Singh Shahpura (British Raj) 21 April 1870 24 June 1932 22,709 62 years, 64 days[citation needed]
78 Johann Christian I Eggenberg (Holy Roman Empire) 19 February 1649 14 December 1710 22,577 61 years, 298 days
79 Tuanku Abdul Hamid Halim Shah Kedah Sultanate (British Malaya) 22 September 1881 13 May 1943 22,512 61 years, 233 days
80 Philip IV Waldeck-Wildungen (Holy Roman Empire) 28 May 1513 30 November 1574 22,466 61 years, 186 days
81 Gopal Lal Kamta-Rajaula (British Raj from 1858) 5 January 1813 23 October 1874 22,459 61 years, 179 days
82 Wakhat Singh Dalil Singh Lunavada (British Raj) 31 October 1867 27 April 1929 22,458 61 years, 178 days
83 Paku Alam VIII Pakualaman (Indonesia) 12 April 1937 11 September 1998 22,432 61 years, 152 days
84

Viktor Amadeus Anhalt-Bernburg (Holy Roman Empire) 22 September 1656 14 February 1718 22,424 61 years, 145 days
85 Wilhelm Moritz II Isenburg-Philippseich (Holy Roman Empire) 8 March 1711 8 June 1772 22,373 61 years, 92 days

Monarchs whose exact dates of rule are unknown

These monarchs are grouped according to length of reign by year in whole numbers. Within each year-grouping, they appear in historical order. In a given year, there may have been a wide array of actual reign lengths based on days. Thus, this table does not present a precise ranking by length of reign. The list is limited to those that might reasonably be expected to lie within the range of those in the tables above, at minimum 55 years. Emphasised states were sovereign. Japanese legendary emperors, according to the ancient Japanese calendar, reigned for very long terms of 60–70 years each. The longest ruler of the legendary emperors, Emperor Kōan, was claimed to have reigned for about 101 years. These figures are not included in the table because they are regarded as inaccurate by modern scholars. For those, see Longevity myths.

Portrait Name Country Reign Duration
(approx. years)
from to
Minhti[41] Launggyet Kingdom of Arakan (Myanmar) 1279 1374 95 years (disputed)[by whom?]
Pepi II Neferkare[y] Old Kingdom of Egypt 2278 BC 2184 BC (disputed) 94 years (disputed)
Taejo[z] Goguryeo (Korea)[42] 53 146[aa] (disputed) 93 years (disputed)
Nintoku[ab] Japan (Kofun period) 313 (disputed) 399 (disputed) 86 years (disputed)
Yin Min Paik Early Pagan Kingdom (Myanmar) 249 (disputed) 334 (disputed) 85 years (disputed)
Abd al-Muttalib Quraysh 497 578 81 years
Ermanaric[ac] Oium 296 (disputed) 376 80 years
Hanayos Hariphunchai (Thailand) 670 750
Kana Seyon Gibe-Limu-'Enarya (Ethiopia) 1450 1530
Raja Sawai Basavalinga I Sundem (Portuguese India) 1763 15 May 1843
Cheran Chenkuttuvan Ancient Chera (India) 492 571 79 years
An Dương Vương Âu Lạc (Vietnam) 257 BC (disputed) 179 BC (disputed) 78 years
Jangsu Goguryeo (Korea)[42] 413 491
Karma I Kedah Sultanate (Malaysia) 502 580
Azmat Tallah Khan Rajouri (British India) 1683 12 November 1760 77 years
Mirian III Kingdom of Iberia (Caucasus)
(sovereign AD 272–298) 		268 or 284 345 or 361
Raisingh Deo Patna (British India) 1685 1762
Chandran Singh Chandra dynasty (India) 234 311
Darma Raja Kedah Sultanate (Malaysia) 712 788
Mulla Ismail Dir (British India) 1676 1752
Mohan Singh Rajgarh State (India) 1638 14 April 1714 76 years
Otto I[ad] Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg (Holy Roman Empire) 1308 1384
Jadunath Singh Mangaraj Khandpara (India) 1599 1675
Johann Philipp Stadion (Holy Roman Empire) 1666 2 June 1742
Aji Raja Mahkota Mulia Alam [id] Kutai Kartanegara (Indonesia) 1525 1600 75 years
Pyusawhti Early Pagan Kingdom (Myanmar) 167 (disputed) 242 (disputed) [ae]
Raja Abhiram Singh Saraikela (British India) 1743 1818
Sauromaces I Kingdom of Iberia (Caucasus) 234 BC 159 BC
Sukhachain Jind (British India) 1676 1751
Tai Wu Shang dynasty (China) 1486 BC (disputed) 1411 BC (disputed)
Vakhtang I Gorgasali Kingdom of Iberia(Georgia)
(sovereign 482 CE–502 CE) 		447 522
Uthiyan Cheralathan/Uthiyan Cheralathan Chera dynasty (India) 55 130
Wilhelm I Sayn-Wittgenstein (Holy Roman Empire) 1494 1568 74 years
Yo-Tha Hariphunchai (Thailand) 1197 1271
Afonso I Henriques County of Portugal (1112–1139)

Kingdom of Portugal (1139-1185)

1112 [af] 6 December 1185 73 years
Fazl Ali Khan II Bahadur Banganapalle State (Pakistan) 1686 1759
Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva Eastern Ganga (India) 1077 1150
Tezozomoc Altepetl (Mexico) 1353 (disputed) 1426
Grigor II Syunik (Armenia) 1094 1166 72 years
Raja Sang Tawal Kelantan Sultanate (Malaysia) 1267 1339
Arwa al-Sulayhi Sulayhid Sultanate (Yemen) 1067 5 May 1138 71 years
Heinrich VIII Fürstenberg-Wolfach (Holy Roman Empire) 1419 30 November 1490
Simon I County of Lippe (Holy Roman Empire) 1273 10 August 1344
Johann Ulrich Stadion (Holy Roman Empire) 1530 1600 70 years
Mihirakula Gonanditya (India) 735 BC 665 BC
Muhtarram Shah Kator Chitral (India) 1585 1655
Niandfo the Great[43] Oubritenga (Nigeria) 1441 1511
Raja Pratap Manikya Twipra Kingdom (India) 1280 1350
Pandukabhaya of Anuradhapura Kingdom of Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) 437 BC 367 BC
Shapur II[ag] Sasanian Empire (Persia) 309 379
Tshudpud Namgyal Kingdom of Sikkim[ah] 1793 1863
Deria Hassan Isaaq (British Somaliland from 1884) 1870 1939 69 years
Gerlach IV Isenburg-Grenzau (1220-1258)

Isenburg-Limburg (1258-1289) (Holy Roman Empire)

1220 1289
Henry VI Gorizia (Holy Roman Empire) 6 May 1385 1454
Huan State of Qi (China) 636 BC 567 BC
Alberto Azzo II Margraviate of Milan (Holy Roman Empire) 1029 20 August 1097 68 years
Debi Singh Chanderi (British India from 1712) 1646 1714
Fàn Tiānzhú Funan 289 357
Ernest II Oettingen-Wallerstein (Holy Roman Empire) 1602 3 March 1670
Louis II Stadion (Holy Roman Empire) 1260 1328
Malojirao III Mudhol (British India) 1737 1805
Muhammad al-Adilin II Kedah Sultanate (Malaysia) 1710 1778
Sizzo II County of Schwarzburg (Holy Roman Empire) 1050 1118
Gopal Singha Dev II Mallabhum[t] Spring 1809 31 December 1876 67 years
Osman Mahamuud/Uthman III ibn Mahmud Majeerteen Sultanate (Italian Somaliland from 1889) 1860 30 September 1927
Rawal Kehar Singh II Jaisalmer (India) 1335 1402
Johann III Sponheim-Starkenburg (Holy Roman Empire) 1331 30 December 1398
Raja Man Singh,Raja of Jhabua Jhabua (india) 1610 1677
Robert I[ai] Duchy of Bar (Holy Roman Empire) 1344 12 April 1411
Lạng Chượng Ngưu Hống (Vietnam) 1000 1067
Sultan Abdul Kadir Moh Aidid Sultanate of Gowa (Indonesia) 1826 30 January 1893
Sultan Mahmud Shah II Perak (Malaysia) 1653 1720
Eberhard I Katzenelnbogen Junior (Holy Roman Empire) 1245 1311 66 years
Henry II Isenburg-Grenzau (Holy Roman Empire) 1220 1286
Narayana Rautara Chikiti-Eastern Ganga (India) Early 1464 Mid 1530
Ramesses II New Kingdom of Egypt 1279 BC 1213 BC
Togbi Amedor Kpegla I Anlo Ewe (Ghana) 1840 14 March 1906
Zhao Tuo[aj] Kingdom of Nanyue (China or Vietnam) 203 BC 137 BC
Aji Raja Mahkota Mulia Alam [id] Kutai Kartanegara (Indonesia) 1545 1610 65 years
Catherine De' Medici Auvergne (France) 1524 5 January 1589
Dayang Kalangitan Pasig (Metro Manila, Philippines) 1450 1515
Haydar Mohammad Khan Bahadur Pathari State[t] 1794 29 December 1859
Khesethoane Modjadji III Lobedu (South Africa) 1894 1959
Matilda I Nevers (France) 1192 1257
Miyan Syed Nuruddin Ali Choudhury Tarakote[t] 1804 21 January 1869
File:ED38YtRVAAAjcWw.jpg Nandivarman II Pallava Empire (India) 731 796
Pharnavaz I Kingdom of Iberia (Georgia) 299 BC 234 BC
Sagramji I Kumbhoji Gondal State (India) 1648 1713
Raja Ashoka Challa Khasa-Malla (India) 1222 1287
Sri Rao Kaiyaji Kutch (India) 1321 5 January 1386
Amoghavarsha Rashtrakuta Empire (India) 814 878 64 years
Dharma Brihadratha (India) 1107 BC 1043 BC
Harisingh Vidyadhara Dhenkanal (India) 1530 1594
Henry VI Henneberg-Aschach-Römhild (Holy Roman Empire) 1292 1356
Friedrich IV County of Castell (Holy Roman Empire) 1285 1349
Inere Ughelli (Nigeria) 1460 1524
Khuman III Udaipur State (India) 878 942
Samuel Anoke Ebanja II Balong and Mokonge (Cameroon) 1918 26 December 1982
Srutasravas Brihadratha (India) 1603 BC 1539 BC
Subrata Brihadratha (India) 1171 BC 1107 BC
Zhao Song State (China) 468 BC 404 BC
Zhuang I State of Qi (China) 794 BC 730 BC
Andrew I Vitré (France) 1072 1135 63 years
Danarnava Eastern Ganga (India) 589 Summer 652
Fahrettin Behramşah Mengüjek (Turkey) 1162 1225
Frederick I Zollern (Holy Roman Empire) 1062 1125
Ganapati Deva Kakatiya Dynasty (India) 1199 1262
Mahmud III Mali Empire 1496 1559
Naba Zombré Wogodogo (Nigeria) 1681 1744
Philip Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein (Holy Roman Empire) 1533 1596
Pradip Shah Garhwal Kingdom (British India) 1709 28 December 1772
Raimund II Orange (Holy Roman Empire) 1319 1382
Rudolf I Bregenz-Chur-Lower Raetia (Holy Roman Empire) 1097 1160
Sheikh Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi Sharjah & Ras Al Khaima (United Arab Emirates) 1803 10 September 1866
Sripurusha Western Ganga(India) 725 788
Jayavarman VIII Khmer Empire (Cambodia) 1232 1295
Johann Gerhard Manderscheid-Gerolstein-Bettingen (Holy Roman Empire) 1648 1711
Raja Vaka Gonanditya (India)
Vijaya Sena Sena dynasty (India) 1096 1159
Abdul Jalilul Akbar Bruneian Sultanate 1597 1659 62 years
Bhola Bhima II Gurjaradesa (India) 1178 1240
Charles Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Altenkirchen (Holy Roman Empire) 1741 1803
Georg II Montfort-Pfannberg (Holy Roman Empire) 1482 1544
Henry I Isenburg-Grenzau (Holy Roman Empire) 1158 1220
Joseph Wilhelm Ernst [ak] Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg (Holy Roman Empire) 1700 1762
Kaloji I Panchanji Dhrol (India) 1644 1706
Madhaba Rautara Chikiti-Eastern Ganga (India) 997 1059
Oubri Oubritenga (Nigeria) 1182 1244
Phạm Phòng Át Phạm Bạch Hổ (Vietnam)
(sovereign 910 CE–966 CE) 		910 972
Prithvi Shah Garhwal Kingdom (India) 1552 9 January 1614
Bhavsinhji I Ratanji Bhavnagar (British India from 1712) 1703 1764 61 years
Chera Udaya Martanda Varma Venadu Chera (India) 1383 1444
Cleomenes II Sparta (Greece) 370 BC 309 BC
Donnchadh Mac Art Laighin (Ireland) 1417 1478
Francis William Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur (Holy Roman Empire) 1673 31 December 1734
Leon II Abasgia (767-778), Abkhazia (778-828) 767 828
Moritz Kasimir I Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda (Holy Roman Empire) 1707 1768
Nguyễn Thái Bình Nguyễn Khoan (Vietnam) 906 967
Peter II Urgell (Catalonia,Spain) 1347 31 June 1408
Orontes III Armenia 321 BC 260 BC
Otto I Solms-Braunfels (Holy Roman Empire) 1349 1410
Rao Shri Vijayraj Singh Sirohi (India) 1250 1311
Ravi Varma Venadu Chera (India) 1252 1313
Winnemar Manderscheid (Holy Roman Empire) 1206 1267
Adesida I Kingdom of Akure (Nigeria) 22 June 1897 1957 60 years
Aescwine Kingdom of Essexs) 527 587
Aji Maharaja Sultan [id] Kutai Kartanegara (Indonesia) 1360 1420
Aksha Gonanditya (India) 460 BC 400 BC
Avinita Western Ganga (India) 469 529
Cleopatra II Ptolemaic Egypt 175 BC 115 BC
Cynan Garwyn Kingdom of Powys (Wales) 550 610
Kotokuhene Nana Attafua Akyem Kotoku (Ghana) 1867 25 September 1927
Padam Singh Bundela Jigni (British India) 1730 1790
Durbar Raja I Kedah (Malaysia) 330 390
Dhāravarṣa Chandravati (India) 1160 1220
Friedrich I Salm-Blankenburg (Holy Roman Empire) 1210 1270
Gerhard I Schwarzburg (Holy Roman Empire) 1266 1326
Gopaditya Gonanditya (India) 400 BC December 340 BC
Gusti Ngurah Agung II Tabanan (Dutch Indonesia) Mid 1843 21 November 1903
Heinrich II Salm-Blankenburg (Holy Roman Empire) 1301 1361
Hiero II Syracus (Sicily, Italy) 275 BC 215 BC
Hiranyakula Gonanditya (India) 855 BC 795 BC
Khingila Alchon Huns (India) 430 490
Krishna Chandra Mardraj Harichandan[44] Nilagiri[t] 1833 1893
Ludwig Salm-Blankenburg (Holy Roman Empire) 1443 1503
Matilda Margraviate of Tuscany (Holy Roman Empire De jure) 1055 24 July 1115
Mayadunne Sitawaka (Sri Lanka) 1521 1581
Mölambo Bubi Kingdom (Nigeria) 1700 1760
Mutasiva Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) 367 BC 307 BC
Nara II Gonanditya (India) 520 BC 460 BC
Pawl Kingdom of Glywysing (Wales) 480 540
Phromkuman Singhanavati (Thailand) 1029 1089
Pravarsena I the Great Vakataka (India) 275 335
Siddha Gonanditya (India) 983 BC 923 BC
Sophie County of Bar (Holy Roman Empire) 1033 1093
Sri Pravarasena II Alchon Huns (India) 530 590
Vanaraja Chavada/Anahilawada (India) 846 906
Vanghoji II Rao Phaltan (India) 1570 1630
Vasukula Mukula Gonanditya (India) 795 BC 735 BC
Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladithya Kodungallur Chera (India) 962 1021 59 years
Bu Jiang Xia (China) 1890 BC 1831 BC
David I Anhoghin Tashir-Dzoraget (Armenia) 989 1048
Eberhard IV Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen (Holy Roman Empire) October 1416 Winter 1475
File:Queen-Himiko-Museum-Yayoi-Culture.png Himiko Yaomataikou (Japan) 189 248
Hu State of Chen (China) 1045 BC 986 BC
Gerlach II Isenburg-Covern (Holy Roman Empire) 1158 1217
John the Magnificent Poitou (France) 1357 15 June 1416
Muhammad Bayazid Khan Bahadur Jagir of Maler (1600-1657)
Malerkotla (1657-1659) (India) 		1600 1659
Nawab Asad Ali Khan Basoda[t] 1800
11 May 1822 [al] 		1817
22 May 1864
Nguyễn Lệnh công/Vũ Ninh vương[am] Nguyễn Thủ Tiệp (Vietnam) 908 967
Konrad I the Scheerer Tübingen (Holy Roman Empire) 1317 1376
Otto I Salm-Kyrburg (Holy Roman Empire) 1548 7 June 1607
Raja Adesinhji I Bhaderwah (British India) 1722 1781
Renaud II, Count of Orange Orange (Holy Roman Empire) 1062 1121
Sri Tegin Shah Turk Shahis/Kabul Shahis (Afghanistan) Autumn 680 739
William III County of Toulouse (France) 978 30 September 1037
William IV Jülich (Holy Roman Empire) 1219 1278
Dridhasena Brihadratha (India) 970 BC 912 BC 58 years
Gomani II Phillip [an] Maseko (Malawi) 1896 12 May 1954
Guled Abdi Isaaq Sultanate (Somaliland) 1750 1808
Harald I Kingdom of Norway 872 930
Henry II Baden-Hachberg (Holy Roman Empire) 1231 1289
Henry IV Henneberg-Schleusingen (Holy Roman Empire) 1347 1405
Mwezi IV Gisabo Kingdom of Burundi[ao] 1850 1908
Nan Zhou dynasty (China) 314 BC 256 BC
Rudolf II Sargans-Werdenberg (Holy Roman Empire) 1264 30 December 1322
Imayavaramban Neduncheralathan Chera Dynasty (India) 130 188
Jadumani Rautara Chikiti-Eastern Ganga (India) Winter 1633 31 December 1691
Jayaba Mukne Jawhar (India) 1307 1365
Muhammad Shafi Ud-Din II Sultanate of Sambas (Borneo) 1866 1924
Mulraj II Jaisalmer (British India) 1762 1820
Rajapala Gurjara-Pratihara (India) 960 1018
Ramasimhadeva Karnata (India) 1227 1285
Rudolph I Saxe-Wittenberg (Holy Roman Empire) 1298 12 March 1356
Suchi Brihadratha (India) 1257 BC 1199 BC
Somadhi Brihadratha (India) 1661 BC 1603 BC
Sukshatra Brihadratha (India) 1463 BC 1405 BC
Adolf Ludwig Wilhelm Sayn-Wittgenstein-Karlsburg (Holy Roman Empire) 1749 1806 57 years
Balabhadra Rautara Chikiti-Eastern Ganga (India) 840 897
Bajradhar Narendra Ranpur (India) 1842 12 July 1899
Bernhard I Bentheim-Bentheim (Holy Roman Empire) 1364 1421
Birakesari Deva I Bhagirathi Deva Khurda Kingdom (British India) 1736 1793
Gokarna Gonanditya (India) December 340 BC Early 282 BC
Hti Min Yin Early Pagan Kingdom (Myanmar) 242 (disputed) 299 (disputed)
Jaswant Singh Nabha (British India) 1783 22 May 1840
Jing Qi (China) 547 BC 490 BC
John Waldburg-Waldsee (Holy Roman Empire) 1667 1724
John II Auxerre (France) 1304 1361
Pharasmanes I the Great Kingdom of Iberia (Georgia) 1 58
Prithvi Chand Baghal State (British India from 1712) 1670 1727
Kori Oyo 1300 1357
Mithridates VI Pontus (Turkey) 120 BC 63 BC
Nasir al-Din Muhammad Mihrabanid dynasty 1261 1318
Rhain ap Maredudd Kingdom of Dyfed (Wales) 740 797
Sargon Akkadian Empire(Iraq) 2272 BC 2215 BC
Sheikh Hamad bin Abdullah Al Sharqi Emirate of Fujairah (United Arab Emirates) 1879 31 December 1936
Sourigna Vongsa Lan Xang (Laos) 1637 1694
Orontes I Armenia 401 BC 344 BC
Vseslav II Bryachislavich[ap] Polotsk (Belarus) 1044 1101
Yi Hham Hka Kengtung (Myanmar) 1403 1460
Zhaoxiang Qin (China) 307 BC 250 BC
Abas I Tashir-Dzoraget (Armenia) 989 1045 56 Years
Berthold IV Henneberg-Schleusingen (Holy Roman Empire) 1284 1340
Eberhard III Nordgau (Holy Roman Empire) 864 920
Gruffudd ap Cynan Gwynedd (Wales) 1081 1137
Harendra Narayan Cooch Behar (British India) 1783 1839
Idris Ibn Abi Bakr Dar Qimr [ca] (Sudan) 1879 1935
Mun Balhae (Korea) 737 793
Nripati Beta I Garuda Kakatiya Dynasty (India) 995 1051
Prithvisimhji Gajsinhji Danta (British India from 1712) 1687 1743
Qasim Yaqut Khan Jafarabad (India) 1678 1734
Sartanji II Vikmatji Porbandar (British India) 1757 1813
Sultan Mustafa Kota Pinang(Indonesia) 1815 28 August 1871
Aji Raja Mandarsyah [id] Kutai Kartanegara (Indonesia) 1420 1475 55 Years
Alaungsithu Pagan (Burma) 1112 1167
Avadhut Singh Rewa (India) 1700 1755
Deobarao Mohamed Shah Mukne Jawhar (India) 1435 1490
Đỗ Cảnh Thạc Nguyễn Thủ Tiệp (Vietnam) 912 967
Dvenchandra Chandra dynasty (India) 520 575
Eberhard I,Count of Sonnenberg Waldburg-Sonnenburg (Holy Roman Empire) 1424 1479
Henry II Hoya (Holy Roman Empire) 1235 1290
Janoji Nimbalkar Phaltan (British India from 1712) 1693 1748
Khagemba Manipur (India) 1596 1651
Khem Savant IV Bapu Sahib Sawantwadi (India) 1812 1867
Karl Wilhelm Sayn-Wittgenstein-Karlsburg (Holy Roman Empire) 1694 1749
Mahipala I Pala Empire (Bangladesh) 980 1035
Manasseh Judah (Israel) 697 BC 642 BC
Mu Zhou (China) 977 BC 922 BC
Narayanapala Pala Empire (Bangladesh) 865 920
Nguyễn Hoàng Nguyễn Lords (Vietnam) 1558 1613
Rani Nitichandra Chandra(India) 370
Pangeran Ratu/Abu al-Mafakhir Sultanate of Banten (Indonesia) 1596 1651
Parâkramabâhu VI Kotte (Sri Lanka) 1412 1467
Prithvi Singh Deo Sonepur (British India) 1786 1841
Rao Biruji Bundi (India) 1415 1470
Vijayabahu I Polonnaruwa (Sri Lanka) 1055 1110

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Elizabeth II is also the longest-reigning verifiable monarch whose reign does not include a period where there was a regent.
  2. ^ Length of reign applies only to the states that were independent at accession.
  3. ^ In the Maya calendar, acceded 9.9.2.4.8, 5 Lamat 1 Mol; died 9.12.11.5.18, 6 Etz'nab 11 Yax. Long Count dates are converted using the Goodman-Martinez-Thompson (GMT) correlation and the Proleptic Gregorian Calendar.[6] His enthronement and death are sometimes dated to 26 July 615 and 28 August 683.[7]
  4. ^ Was intermittently King of Naples during the same time period
  5. ^ Served as Regent for his father Emperor Taishō, from 29 November 1921 until his formal accession. Status as head of state not formally defined in the 1947 constitution of Japan, but the emperor of Japan can act as a head of state, whenever needed.[13]
  6. ^ Longest de jure ruler of China, although the Qianlong Emperor held longer de facto power.
  7. ^ Longest de facto ruler of China, although the Kangxi Emperor held longer de jure power.
  8. ^ Abdicated, still in power 4 years later
  9. ^ Great Britain and Ireland were joined as the United Kingdom in 1801.
  10. ^ Elector of Hanover (intermittently) from 1760. Proclaimed King of Hanover in 1814.
  11. ^ In the Islamic calendar, acceded on 15th Shaban 427; died 18th Zilhaja 487.[23] His death date is sometimes given as 6 January 1095,[23] but most sources give 29 December 1096.[24][25][26]
  12. ^ The death of Rudolph II, Conrad's predecessor, is variously given as 11, 12 or 13 July.[30][31]
  13. ^ He was proclaimed king at the age of four months, and his grandmother, Labotsibeni Mdluli, acted as regent until 22 December 1921 and then formally transferred all monarchial power to Sobhuza II.[34] Some sources take the date of succession as the date on which his grandmother handed over the royal duties to him, not when he was proclaimed king. Swaziland became independent from the United Kingdom in 1968.
  14. ^ Heinrich XI succeeded to the throne as Count of Reuss-Obergreiz in 1723 on the death of his brother, Heinrich IX (all male members of the family were named Heinrich in order of birth, even across cousins). In 1778 he became the first Prince of Reuss Elder Line.
  15. ^ Count John Louis was born posthumously, after the death of his father Count Johann II on 25 July 1472; he succeeded to the throne at birth.
  16. ^ Acceded to the Union of India on 15 August 1947. Merged Kapurthala into the Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union (PEPSU) on 5 May 1948, relinquished his sovereign powers with effect from 20 August.[39] Rajpramukh of the PEPSU from 5 May 1948 until his death on 17 June 1949
  17. ^ From 1640 he also ruled Schaumburg-Lippe
  18. ^ Eleanor was Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right, although medieval law dictated that her various husbands (Louis VII of France, Henry II of England) and sons (Richard I and John of England) reign with her jointly.
  19. ^ Merged his state into the United State of Kathiawad on 15 February 1948, but lived until 28 June 1954.
  20. ^ a b c d e f British India until 1858, British Raj from 1858.
  21. ^ Frederick Augustus I was known as Frederick Augustus III before 1806.
  22. ^ after 1603 he also ruled Anhalt-Köthen after that line went extinct.
  23. ^ Philipp II ruled as co-ruler with his brother till 1442 when they divided their inheritances.
  24. ^ After 1671 Christian also ruled Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld after that line went extinct.
  25. ^ Pepi II's figure has been disputed by some Egyptologists who favour a shorter reign length of 64 years, given the absence of attested dates known for Pepi after his 31st Count, which would equate to 62 years assuming the count to be biennial. Others point, however, to the consistency between the existing historical sources all crediting Pepi with over 90 years of reign. Finally, the lack of evidence beyond his 62nd year does not preclude a much longer reign, especially in view of the decay of the Egyptian state into the chaos of the First Intermediate Period at the end of Pepi's reign.
  26. ^ A dispute exists concerning when Taejo's reign ended. Lower estimates suggest 121–145 and higher ones up to 167 but the most widely believed one is 146 since Korean historians claim that he died in that year.
  27. ^ 121 CE is another possible accepted date of Taejo's end reign
  28. ^ While the chronology of his reign is disputed, his existence is generally accepted by historians.
  29. ^ Some sources just give 80 years of lifespan not reign
  30. ^ During his lifetime, Otto I had many co-monarchs, including his father Rudolph IV, who made him ruler in 1308; he also ruled with his brother Henry IV until he died in 1318, as well as his brother Rudolph VI, who died in 1352.
  31. ^ Possibly 243
  32. ^ In Co-Reign with his Mother until 1128
  33. ^ Shapur II was crowned in utero: the crown was placed upon his mother's belly. This child, named Shapur, was therefore born king; the government was conducted by his mother and the magnates.
  34. ^ Dominated by Nepal until 1816 AD and then by the British.
  35. ^ Robert I was in co-rule with his step-brother Edward II until 1352
  36. ^ Historians debate whether he was a Chinese or Vietnamese ruler (named Triệu Vũ Đế))
  37. ^ In Co-Reign with his father until 1704
  38. ^ Had a interruption between 1818 and 1822 but later regained it in 1822, counting both of his periods he had a reign of 59 years
  39. ^ Disputed name or ruler has two names.
  40. ^ He had Regents until 1921
  41. ^ Part of German East Africa from 1890.
  42. ^ He also ruled Russia for a brief period between 1068 and 1069.

References

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  2. ^ "Her Majesty the Queen". 29 December 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  3. ^ Waites, Rosie (6 February 2012). "The moment a princess became a queen". BBC News. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  4. ^ Crossette, Barbara (13 October 2016). "Bhumibol Adulyadej, 88, People's King of Thailand, Dies After 7-Decade Reign". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  5. ^ "Biographies of the Princes and Princesses". House of Liechtenstein.
  6. ^ a b Pharo, Lars Kirkhusmo (2013). The Ritual Practice of Time: Philosophy and Sociopolitics of Mesoamerican Calendars. Brill. p. 92. ISBN 9789004252363.
  7. ^ Parmington, Alexander (2011). Space and Sculpture in the Classic Maya City. Brill. p. 51, 95. ISBN 9789004252363.
  8. ^ "K'inich Janaab' Pakal I (Great-Sun-Shield), King of Palenque, depicted on an incense burner". museums.gov.il. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  9. ^ "Franz Joseph | emperor of Austria-Hungary". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  10. ^ "Term details". British Museum. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  11. ^ Kirsty.Oram (31 December 2015). "Victoria (r. 1837–1901)". The Royal Family. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  12. ^ "James I | king of Aragon". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  13. ^ Kristof, Nicholas D. (12 November 1995). "Japan's State Symbols: Now You See Them ..." The New York Times. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  14. ^ "BBC – History – Historic Figures: Emperor Hirohito (1901–1989)". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  15. ^ "Kangxi | emperor of Qing dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  16. ^ "Qianlong | emperor of Qing dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  17. ^ "Christian IV | Scandinavian king". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  18. ^ Cohen, Mark R. (14 July 2014). Jewish Self-Government in Medieval Egypt: The Origins of the Office of the Head of the Jews, ca. 1065-1126. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-5358-8.
  19. ^ Kirsty.Oram (31 December 2015). "George III (r. 1760–1820)". The Royal Family. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  20. ^ "Prince Honore III: one of the longest reigns in European history". HelloMonaco. 22 August 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  21. ^ "Louis XV". Biography. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  22. ^ "Pedro II | emperor of Brazil". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  23. ^ a b "MUSTANSIR BILLAH I (427-487/1036-1095), 18TH IMAM". ismaili.net. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  24. ^ "MÜSTA'LÎ-BİLLÂH el-FÂTIMÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish).
  25. ^ Cohen, Mark R. (2014). Jewish Self-Government in Medieval Egypt. Princeton University Press. p. 218. ISBN 9781400853588.
  26. ^ Ayman Fu'ad Sayyid (2002). The Fatimids and Their Successors in Yaman. I.B. Tauris. p. 5. ISBN 9781860646904.
  27. ^ "Nicholas I | Facts & Biography". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  28. ^ "Wilhelmina | queen of the Netherlands". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  29. ^ "James I | Biography, Religion, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  30. ^ a b "Rudolfinger". Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German). Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  31. ^ "Rudolf II | king of Burgundy". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  32. ^ "Alfonso VIII | king of Castile | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  33. ^ "Henry III | king of England [1207–1272] | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  34. ^ "Cultural Resources: King Sobhuza II". Swaziland National Trust Commission. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2008.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i Rose Troup Buchanan (29 August 2015). "Queen Elizabeth II to become Britain's longest reigning monarch: Longest serving rulers ever". The Independent. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  36. ^ "Lakhtar – Indian Princely States". members.iinet.net.au. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  37. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Trebge, Spuren im Land, Hohenleuben, 2005.
  38. ^ Thomas Gehrlein, Das Haus Reuß: Älterer und Jüngerer Linie, Börde Verlag 2006, ISBN 978-3-9810315-3-9
  39. ^ Punjab District Gazetteers: Kapurthala. Chandigarh: Revenue Department, Punjab. 1984. p. 37.
  40. ^ Hawker, Thomas; Morison, William; Macleod, J M; Cubbon, Mark (12 December 1833). Report on the Insurrection in Mysore (Report). Mysore Government Press.
  41. ^ "Longest ever reigns". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  42. ^ a b "Koguryŏ | ancient kingdom, Korea | Britannica".
  43. ^ Tiendrebeogo, Yamba (1963). "Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou". Journal des Africanistes. 33 (1): 7–46. doi:10.3406/jafr.1963.1365.
  44. ^ Government of India Press (1939). Memoranda on the Indian States. New Delhi. p. 136. ISBN 0333631420.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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