Suella Braverman
Sue-Elle Braverman | |
---|---|
![]() Official portrait, 2019 | |
Home Secretary | |
In office 6 September 2022 – 19 October 2022 | |
Prime Minister | Liz Truss |
Preceded by | Priti Patel |
Succeeded by | Grant Shapps |
Attorney General for England and Wales Advocate General for Northern Ireland | |
In office 13 February 2020 – 6 September 2022[a] | |
Prime Minister | Boris Johnson |
Preceded by | Geoffrey Cox |
Succeeded by | Michael Ellis |
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union | |
In office 9 January 2018 – 15 November 2018 | |
Prime Minister | Theresa May |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Kwasi Kwarteng |
Chair of the European Research Group | |
In office 19 June 2017 – 9 January 2018 | |
Deputy | Michael Tomlinson |
Party Leader | Theresa May |
Preceded by | Steve Baker |
Succeeded by | Jacob Rees-Mogg |
Deputy Chair of the European Research Group | |
In office 20 November 2016 – 19 June 2017 Serving with Michael Tomlinson | |
Chair | Steve Baker |
Party Leader | Theresa May |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Michael Tomlinson |
Member of Parliament for Fareham | |
Assumed office 7 May 2015 | |
Preceded by | Mark Hoban |
Majority | 26,086 (45.6%) |
Personal details | |
Born | Sue-Ellen Cassiana Fernandes 3 April 1980 Harrow, London, England |
Political party | Conservative |
Spouse |
Rael Braverman (m. 2018) |
Children | 2 |
Alma mater | |
Website | suellabraverman |
Sue-Ellen Cassiana Braverman KC (/ˈbrævərmən/ née Fernandes; born 3 April 1980) is a British barrister and politician who served as Home Secretary from September to October 2022. A member of the Conservative Party, she was Chair of the European Research Group from 2017 to 2018 and Attorney General for England and Wales from 2020 to 2022. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Fareham in Hampshire since 2015.[1]
In the January 2018 cabinet reshuffle, she was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union by Theresa May. She returned to the backbenches later that year after resigning in protest against the proposed Northern Ireland backstop.[2] Braverman was appointed Attorney General for England and Wales and Advocate General for Northern Ireland by Boris Johnson in the February 2020 cabinet reshuffle; she was appointed as Queen's Counsel automatically on her appointment.
After Johnson resigned in July 2022, Braverman stood as a candidate to succeed him in the Conservative Party leadership election, but was eliminated from the ballot after the second round of voting.[3] She subsequently supported Liz Truss’s bid to become Conservative leader, and was appointed Home Secretary on 6 September 2022 when Truss became Prime Minister. Braverman resigned as Home Secretary on 19 October 2022 during an ongoing political crisis.
Early life and education
Braverman was born in Harrow, Greater London, and raised in Wembley.[4] She is the daughter of Uma (née Mootien-Pillay) and Christie Fernandes,[5] both of Indian origin,[6][7] who emigrated to Britain in the 1960s from Mauritius and Kenya respectively. She is named after the character Sue-Ellen Ewing from the American television soap opera Dallas which was popular at the time of her birth.[8] Her mother, of Hindu Tamil Mauritian descent, was a nurse and a councillor in Brent,[7] as well as the Conservative candidate in Tottenham in the 2001 general election and the 2003 Brent East by-election.[7] Her father, of Goan ancestry (who formerly was an Indian in Kenya),[9] worked for a housing association.[4] She is the niece of Mahen Kundasamy, a former Mauritian High Commissioner to London.[5][10]
She attended the Uxendon Manor Primary School in Brent and the fee-paying Heathfield School, Pinner, on a partial scholarship,[4][11] after which she read law at Queens' College, Cambridge. During her undergraduate studies, she was president of the Cambridge University Conservative Association.[12]
Braverman lived in France for two years, as an Erasmus Programme student and then as an Entente Cordiale Scholar, where she completed a master's degree in European and French law at Panthéon-Sorbonne University.[13]
Legal career
Braverman was called to the bar at Middle Temple in 2005.[14][15] She completed pupillage at 2–3 Gray's Inn Square (now Cornerstone Barristers)[16] but did not start tenancy there, beginning practice at the London branch of a large Birmingham set - No5 Chambers. She worked in litigation including the judicial review "basics" for a government practitioner of immigration and planning law.[14][17] She was appointed to the Attorney General's C panel of counsel, the entry level, undertaking basic government cases, in 2010.[18]
Political career
Conservative candidate
Braverman’s name was already on the list of Conservative parliamentary candidates at the time of the 2003 Brent East by-election, and she had to be persuaded not to seek the nomination. Her mother, Uma Fernandes, a Conservative councillor, was selected to fight the seat, and Braverman campaigned for her.[19] During the campaign, Braverman was featured in The Guardian in an article titled "The road to No 10".[20]
At the 2005 general election, Braverman contested Leicester East, finishing in second place behind Labour's Keith Vaz, who won with a 15,876-vote (38.4%) majority.[21] She sought selection as the Conservative candidate in Bexhill and Battle, but was unsuccessful,[citation needed] and was eventually selected to be the Conservative candidate in Fareham.[22] Braverman also sought election to the London Assembly at the 2012 Assembly elections and was placed fourth on the Conservative London-wide list;[23] only the first three Conservative candidates were elected.[24]
Parliamentary activity
Braverman was elected to the House of Commons as the MP for Fareham in 2015 with 56.1% of the vote and a majority of 22,262.[25] She gave her maiden speech on 1 June 2015.[26] She has taken a particular interest in education, home affairs and justice and has written for The Daily Telegraph, Bright Blue, i News, HuffPost, Brexit Central and ConservativeHome.[27]
From 2015 to 2017, Braverman was a member of the Education Select Committee and the Education, Skills and the Economy Sub-Committee.[28] Between November 2015 and February 2016, she was a member of the Joint Committee on the Draft Investigatory Powers Bill.[29] Braverman chaired the all-party parliamentary group (APPG) on Financial Education for Young People from September 2016 to May 2017. Working with the charity Young Enterprise and the "money-saving expert" journalist Martin Lewis, she led the APPG's inquiry into the provision of financial education in schools and launched its report, Financial Education in Schools: Two Years On – Job Done?,[30] which called for better financial education in schools. Braverman was also a commissioner on the Social Market Foundation Commission on Inequality in Education, a cross-party initiative examining the causes and effects of inequality in education at primary and secondary levels in England and Wales.[31]
Braverman joined the Armed Forces Parliamentary Scheme in 2016, graduating from the scheme in 2017.[32] Braverman opened a Westminster Hall debate in the House of Commons[33][34] on the failings of Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust and has chaired meetings with the Trust's executives along with other MPs on the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Hampshire in which instances of poor care quality and the deaths of patients were investigated.[35]
Braverman was a member of the panel of an inquiry, led by the think-tank British Future, to examine how the government can protect the rights of EU citizens in the UK.[36] Braverman campaigned to leave the European Union in the 2016 EU membership referendum;[37] a majority (55%) of votes in her constituency were for leaving.[38] She was chair of the European Research Group, a pro-Leave group of Conservative MPs, until her promotion to ministerial office; she was replaced by Jacob Rees-Mogg.[39] Following the 2017 general election, Braverman was appointed parliamentary private secretary to the ministers of the Treasury.[40]
During the January 2018 reshuffle, Braverman was appointed as parliamentary under-secretary of state at the Department for Exiting the European Union.[41] On 15 November 2018, Braverman resigned on the same day that Davis' successor, Dominic Raab, resigned as Brexit secretary in protest at Theresa May and Olly Robbins's draft Brexit deal, which was released the day before.[2]
In March 2019, Braverman stated in a speech for the Bruges Group that "[a]s Conservatives, we are engaged in a battle against Cultural Marxism". Journalist Dawn Foster challenged Braverman's use of the term "cultural Marxism", highlighting its anti-Semitic history and stating it was a theory in the manifesto of the mass murderer Anders Breivik.[42] Braverman's use of the term was initially condemned as hate speech by other MPs,[which?] the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the anti-racist organisation Hope Not Hate, among other anti-racist charities. Braverman denied that the term was an antisemitic trope, saying, "We have culture evolving from the far left which has allowed the snuffing out of freedom of speech, freedom of thought. ... I'm very aware of that ongoing creep of cultural Marxism, which has come from Jeremy Corbyn."[43] After meeting with her later, the Board of Deputies of British Jews said in a subsequent statement that she is "not in any way antisemitic", saying it believed that she did not "intentionally use antisemitic language", while finding that she "is clearly a good friend of the Jewish community" and that they were "sorry to see that the whole matter has caused distress".[44]
Attorney general
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Attorney_General_hosts_Ukrainian_Prosecutor_General_visit_to_support_war_crimes_investigations.png/220px-Attorney_General_hosts_Ukrainian_Prosecutor_General_visit_to_support_war_crimes_investigations.png)
In the 13 February 2020 reshuffle, Braverman was appointed attorney general for England and Wales and advocate general for Northern Ireland, succeeding Geoffrey Cox who had been dismissed from government.[45] Braverman was made QC at the time of this appointment.[46] She was later criticised by members of the Bar Council, for her poor choices in the role.[47]
Braverman was designated as a minister on leave while pregnant on 2 March 2021,[48] shortly after the Ministerial and other Maternity Allowances Act 2021 was enacted to allow this arrangement. Michael Ellis became acting attorney general until she resumed office on 11 September 2021.[49]
Leadership candidate
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Sulla_4_Leader_Logo.png/220px-Sulla_4_Leader_Logo.png)
During the July 2022 United Kingdom government crisis, Braverman remained a minister, though on 6 July 2022, she called for Boris Johnson to resign.[50] She stood in the ensuing Conservative Party leadership election, but was eliminated from the race in the second round of ballots, winning 27 votes, a reduction on her previous achievement and the lowest of the remaining candidates.[51] She then endorsed Liz Truss.[52]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/UK_Conservative_Leadership_Ballot_2_%28July_2022%29.png/231px-UK_Conservative_Leadership_Ballot_2_%28July_2022%29.png)
Had she succeeded in being appointed prime minister, Braverman said her priorities would have been to deliver tax cuts, cut government spending, tackle the cost of living challenges, "solve the problem of boats crossing the Channel", deliver "Brexit opportunities", withdraw the UK from the European Convention of Human Rights and to "get rid of all of this woke rubbish".[53] She also vowed to suspend the UK's target of net zero carbon emissions by 2050.[54] In August 2022, it was revealed that Braverman's leadership campaign had received a £10,000 donation from a company owned by the prominent climate change denier Terence Mordaunt.[55]
Home secretary
Braverman was appointed Home secretary in the new Truss ministry on 6 September 2022.[56]
In October 2022, Braverman said that she would love to see a front page of The Daily Telegraph sending asylum seekers to Rwanda and described it as her "dream" and "obsession".[57] The first attempted flight by the UK to send asylum seekers to Rwanda in June 2022 resulted in asylum seekers being restrained and attached to plane seats after self-harming and threatening suicide.[57] On the matter, the UN Refugee Agency have said that the "arrangement, which amongst other concerns seeks to shift responsibility and lacks necessary safeguards, is incompatible with the letter and spirit of the 1951 Convention" in regards to the rights of refugees.[58]
Braverman was dismissed as Home Secretary on 19 October 2022. She said this was because she had made an "honest mistake" by sharing an official document from her personal email address with a colleague in Parliament, an action which breached the Ministerial Code.[59][60] Braverman was also highly critical of Truss's leadership in her resignation letter.[61][62]
Political and legal positions
Political right
Braverman stands on the right wing of the Conservative Party, is a supporter of Brexit, supports the withdrawal of the UK from the European Convention on Human Rights and supports sending cross-Channel migrants to Rwanda. She has said, "If I get trolled and I provoke a bad response on Twitter I know I'm doing the right thing. Twitter is a sewer of left-wing bile. The extreme left pile on is often a consequence of sound conservative values."[63]
British Empire
Braverman has described herself as a "child of the British Empire". Her parents, who were from Mauritius and Kenya, came to the UK "with an admiration and gratitude for what Britain did for Mauritius and Kenya, and India". She believes that on the whole, "the British Empire was a force for good",[63] and described herself as being "proud of the British Empire".[64]
Free schools
Braverman was the founding chair of governors at the Michaela Community School,[65] and supports plans to create a free school in Fareham.[66] She sits on the advisory board of the New Schools Network, a charity which aims to support groups setting up free schools within the English state education sector.[67]
Rights versus responsibilities
In a December 2015 op-ed, Braverman wrote, "In essence, rights have come to fill the space once occupied by generosity." She quotes Eric Posner's theories on what the Brazilian state sees as its right to use torture by "the police in the name of crime prevention. They justify this by putting a general right to live free from crime and intimidation above their rights of those who are tortured." She closes,[68]
To correct the imbalance, perhaps we should adopt a Universal Declaration of Responsibilities and Duties, to be read in tandem with that on Human Rights? A fair, decent and reasonable society should question the dilution of our sense of duty, the demotion of our grasp of responsibility and our virtual abandonment of the spirit of civic obligation. What we do for others should matter more than the selfish assertion of personal rights and the lonely individualism to which it gives rise.
Transgender matters
In an interview with The Times, Braverman said that schools do not have to accommodate requests from students who wish to change how others recognise their gender, including the use of the pronouns, uniforms, lavatories and changing facilities of their identified gender if it differs from their sex. She argues that, legally, under-18s are entitled to be treated only by the gender corresponding to their sex and that the "unquestioning approach" adopted by some teachers and schools is the reason different parts of the country have very different rates of children presenting as transgender. Braverman also referred to author J. K. Rowling as "a heroine" of hers.[63]
India trade deal
Braverman, whose parents are originally from India, said that she feared a trade deal with India would increase migration to the UK when Indians already represented the largest group of people who overstayed their visa.[69][70]
Personal life
She married Rael Braverman in February 2018 at the House of Commons.[71] They have two children, born in 2019 and 2021.[72]
Braverman is a member of the Triratna Buddhist Community (formerly the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order) and attends the London Buddhist Centre monthly.[73] She took her oath of office on the Dhammapada.[74]
Honours
- She was sworn in as a member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council on 19 February 2020 at Buckingham Palace.[75] This gave her the honorific prefix "The Right Honourable" for life.
- She was appointed as a Queen's Counsel (QC) on 24 February 2020.[76]
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- ^ Barber, Kimberley (11 December 2015). "Volunteers wanted to bring A-levels back in to town". The News. Portsmouth: Johnston Publishing. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
- Campbell, Loughlan (8 June 2016). "Bid for new Fareham school to offer A-levels pushed back to 2018". The News. Portsmouth: Johnston Publishing. Archived from the original on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016. - ^ "Advisory Council". New Schools Network. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
- ^ Fernandes, Suella (16 December 2015). "Britain is so obsessed with human rights that we have forgotten responsibilities". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ "How Suella Braverman has put India-UK free trade deal on the verge of collapse". 13 October 2022. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
- ^ "Indian official dismisses report flagship UK trade deal on 'verge of collapse'". Independent.co.uk. 13 October 2022. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
- ^ George, David (28 February 2018). "Passion for politics sparks MP's romance". The News. Portsmouth: JPIMedia. Archived from the original on 13 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
- ^ Lemmer, Richard (29 July 2020). "Fareham MP continues to vote in Parliament as she welcomes first child". The News. Portsmouth. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
- Braverman, Suella [@SuellaBraverman] (8 March 2021). "I'm thrilled that our daughter arrived yesterday safe and sound. Thank you to the wonderful @uclh @NHSuk Maternity Team that supported us throughout" (Tweet) – via Twitter. - ^ Doward, Jamie (15 February 2020). "Attorney general Suella Braverman belongs to controversial Buddhist sect". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
- ^ Canton, Naomi (1 January 2020). "UK MP under fire for not taking oath on Gita". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ Tilbrook, Richard (19 February 2020). "BUSINESS TRANSACTED AT THE PRIVY COUNCIL HELD BY THE QUEEN AT BUCKINGHAM PALACE ON 19TH FEBRUARY 2020" (PDF). The Privy Council Office. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
- ^ "Sue-Ellen Cassiana Braverman Queen's Counsel Appointment". The London Gazette. Archived from the original on 7 September 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
Notes
- ^ On leave from 2 March to 10 September 2021. Michael Ellis was acting attorney general during this period.
External links
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- 1980 births
- 21st-century English women politicians
- Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
- Alumni of the Erasmus Programme
- British Eurosceptics
- British people of Goan descent
- British politicians of Indian descent
- Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
- English Buddhists
- English Queen's Counsel
- English people of Indian descent
- English people of Kenyan descent
- English people of Mauritian descent
- Female justice ministers
- Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
- Friends of the Western Buddhist Order
- Living people
- UK MPs 2015–2017
- UK MPs 2017–2019
- UK MPs 2019–present
- Secretaries of State for the Home Department
- Women government ministers in the United Kingdom
- Female members of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom
- Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
- Attorneys General for England and Wales
- Women Law Officers of the Crown in the United Kingdom
- People from Harrow, London
- People from Wembley
- Members of the Middle Temple