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Indiana National Guard

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Indiana National Guard

Logo of the Indiana National Guard

Alternate Logo
Country United States
TypeArmed Forces
Part ofUnited States Armed Forces
United States Department of Defense
National Guard Bureau
Joint Force Headquarters (JFHQ)Stout Army Air Field
Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.
Websitewww.in.gov/indiana-national-guard/
Commanders
Governor of IndianaGovernor Eric Holcomb
The Adjutant General of IndianaMG R. Dale Lyles
State Command Sergeant MajorCSM Dale A. Shetler

The Indiana National Guard (INNG) is a component of the United States Armed Forces, the United States National Guard and the Military Department of Indiana (MDI). It consists of the Indiana Army National Guard, the Indiana Air National Guard, and the Adjutant General's Office.

Indiana National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army and Air Force. The same ranks and insignia are used, and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The INNG also awards a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Indiana.

The Indiana National Guard is comprised of 14,000 Soldiers and Airmen, and maintains Army National Guard armories across the state, training facilities at Camp Atterbury-Muscatatuck, and Air National Guard wings at Fort Wayne and Terre Haute. During peacetime, the National Guard is commanded by the Governor. In its state role, the National Guard assists local law enforcement agencies during emergencies at the direction of the governor. The distribution of soldiers, equipment and facilities across the state allows the National Guard to respond quickly and efficiently to emergencies statewide.

During times of national emergency, National Guard members may be called into active federal service by the President of the United States. The National Guard's dual federal-state mission is unique to the U.S. military and sets the National Guard apart from any other reserve component.

The Indiana National Guard is supported by the state's military defense force,[1] the Indiana Guard Reserve, a supplemental military force authorized by both the State Code of Indiana and Executive Order.[2] The IGR assumes the state mission of the Indiana National Guard in the event the Guard is federally mobilized.

Indiana Army National Guard

38th Infantry Division

  • Headquarters and Headquarters Company
  • 38th Infantry Division Band

38th Sustainment Brigade ("Avengers")[3]

  • Special Troops Battalion
  • Headquarters and Headquarters Company
  • 138th Financial Management Company
  • 176th Financial Management Detachment
  • 177th Financial Management Detachment
  • 178th Financial Management Detachment
  • 338th Signal Company

38th Combat Aviation Brigade ("Falcons")

76th Infantry Brigade Combat Team ("Nighthawk Brigade")[4]

  • 1st Battalion, 151st Infantry Regiment
  • 2nd Battalion, 151st Infantry Regiment
  • 2nd Battalion, 152nd Infantry Regiment
  • 1st Battalion, 293rd Infantry Regiment
  • 1st Squadron, 152nd Cavalry Regiment
  • 1st Battalion, 163rd Field Artillery Regiment
  • 113th Brigade Support Battalion
  • 776th Brigade Engineer Battalion

54th Security Force Assistance Brigade ("To the Very End")

219th Engineer Brigade ("Steel Soldiers - Anytime, Anywhere")

81st Troop Command ("War Eagles")

  • A Company, 2-20 Special Forces
  • 19th CBRNE Enhanced Response Force Package Battalion
  • 38th Military Police Company
  • 381st Military Police Company
  • 384th Military Police Company
  • 387th Military Police Company
  • 938th Military Police Detachment
  • 939th Military Police Detachment
  • 438th Chemical Company
  • 127th Cyber Protection Battalion
  • 137th Cyber Security Company
  • 147th Cyber Warfare Company
  • 53rd Civil Support Team
  • 120th Public Affairs Detachment
  • 135th Chaplain Detachment
  • 138th Military History Detachment
  • 1938th Acquisition Team
  • 1976th Acquisition Team

138th Regiment - Combat Arms ("Seek and Destroy")

  • Headquarters, 138th Regiment (Combat Arms) Indiana Regional Training Institute

Indiana Air National Guard

Air National Guard Headquarters

  • Headquarters and Headquarters Company

122nd Fighter Wing ("Conquer Above")

  • 122nd Operations Group
  • 163rd Fighter Squadron
  • 122nd Maintenance Group
  • 122nd Mission Support Group
  • 122nd Medical Group

181st Intelligence Wing ("Racers")

History

Crest of the Harrison family, used for Indiana Army National Guard Regiments, depicting a wreath of colors, a demi-lion rampant Argent, holding in dexter paw a laurel branch Vert[5]

Revolutionary War

The Indiana National Guard's roots began in pre-Independence North America. Around the time of the Beaver Wars, French colonists established trading posts and villages, forming militias for their defense. When the American Revolutionary War began, many militias in modern-day Indiana, Illinois and Kentucky declared for the United States against the British. To express his support, militia Captain François Riday Busseron commissioned the first American flag of Indiana in 1778.[6] Militias in southern-Indiana, aided by George Rogers Clark and Piankeshaw natives, captured Fort Sackville in February 1779, an important British fort in the Ohio River Valley.

Indiana Territory

After the American victory in the Revolutionary War, on 25 July 1788 Governor Arthur St. Clair, the first governor of the newly purchased Northwest Territory, published a law organizing the territory's militias into an official armed force of the United States.[7]. The Northwest Territory proved difficult to subdue, however, as the local Miami and Shawnee tribes resisted the United States. This resistance escalated to begin the Northwest Indian War, as many American generals, still fresh from their victory over the British, took it upon themselves to defeat any resistance to the rapidly expanding United States. The War began horribly for the United States, and in quick succession the United States suffered two horrendous defeats in the 1790 Harmar campaign and the 1791 St. Clair's defeat - still to this day the most decisive defeat in the history of the American military.

After the failures of Harmar and St. Clair, General Anthony Wayne reorganized and expanded the Continental Army, calling his force the Legion of the United States. Wayne marched his army into the Northwest Territory, where he broke America's string of bad luck with his decisive victory at the 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers. After his victory, he marched into Indiana and founded Fort Wayne, Indiana.

The Northwest Territory was broken up upon Ohio's admittance into the Union, and was renamed the Indiana Territory in 1800. The Indiana National Guard traces its unbroken history to 1801, when Indiana's first governor, William Henry Harrison, formed the Indiana Legion to defend settlers against the aggressive actions of the Native American tribes in the territory. Years later, in 1807, Harrison founded the Indiana Rangers, modeling them after General Wayne's mounted troops used at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The Indiana Legion was charged with the defense of all settlements in the Territory, while the Rangers were tasked with safeguarding the Buffalo Trace, the main transportation route between Louisville, Kentucky and Vincennes.

This era in Indiana history was particularly hazardous, as the Shawnee leader Tecumseh sought to unify the tribes of the Indiana Territory and drive the Americans out. Tensions climaxed when Harrison led the Indiana Legion, 1000 strong, to attack Tecumseh's capital of Prophetstown. Outside of Prophetstown, the Legion was ambushed early in the morning of November 7, 1811. The Legion and Rangers held their ground for two hours, defeating the ambush and burning Prophetstown to the ground. Over the next two years, simultaneously with the War of 1812, Harrison and the Indiana Legion continued to battle against Tecumeh's confederacy, chasing him into Canada and taking part in Tecumseh's final defeat at the 1813 Battle of the Thames. The Legion continued to fight the British in Canada until the cessation of the war in 1815.

Tragically, between the movement of Indiana's capital from Vincennes to Corydon, Indiana, and then again to Indianapolis, most documents regarding the Indiana Legion have been lost. In one unfortunate incident, a janitor sold a wagon load of official Legion papers as "waste paper."[8]

Mexican-American War

Indiana units were first officially called to federal service in 1846, taking part in the Mexican–American War. General Joseph Lane's Indiana Brigade played a critical role on American army's left flank in the Battle of Buena Vista, a critical battle that routed the Mexican Army and open the way for Mexico's rapid occupation.[9]

American Civil War

Indiana answered Abraham Lincoln's call to federal service against the Confederacy. Indiana's governor, Oliver P. Morton, is famously remembered as one of Lincoln's "war governors," and stalwartly pledged Indiana's support for the Union Indiana in the war. Indiana committed over 200,000 soldiers throughout the war, and casualties topped 35% among Hoosier units. With so many Hoosiers serving in the Union Army, the Indiana Legion was reactivated to guard the home front, taking part in the Battle of Corydon. After the war, the Indiana Legion was renamed the Indiana National Guard in 1895.

Twentieth Century

Regiments from the guard first went overseas in the 1898 Spanish–American War, serving in the initial occupation of the Philippines. The Militia Act of 1903 organized the various state militias into the present National Guard system. In 1916 units were mobilized to patrol the Mexican border in response to aggressive actions by the Mexican Government, but no action occurred. The next year the entire guard was mobilized and many sent into action as part of World War I, most men being deployed to France.[9]

The guard was again called on during the Great Depression to suppress worker strikes and riots in Northern and Central Indiana, and was sent overseas again during World War II. The guard continued to see action in the second half of the 20th century, serving in the Korean War, Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the Iraq War.

Well-known Indiana guardsmen include former Vice President Dan Quayle, who served as a sergeant during the Vietnam War time period.

Historic units

See also

References

Sources

Notes

  1. ^ https://sgaus.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/INDIANA-SRP.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  2. ^ "AGO". 4 January 2021.
  3. ^ "38th Sustainment Brigade". Indiana National Guard. 30 October 2019.
  4. ^ "76th Infantry Brigade Combat Team". Indiana National Guard. 30 October 2019.
  5. ^ "Indiana Army National Guard Element, Joint Force Headquarters". The Institute of Heraldry. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  6. ^ Indiana Society SAR Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Website accessed 24 April 2009
  7. ^ A History of the National Guard of Indiana. Indianapolis: W.D. Pratt. 1901. p. 6.
  8. ^ A History of the National Guard of Indiana. Indianapolis: W.D. Pratt. 1901. p. 3.
  9. ^ a b "Indiana Army National Guard History". Indiana National Guard. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2008.
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