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T. B. Simon Power Plant

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Coordinates: 42°43′03″N 84°29′04″W / 42.71759°N 84.48439°W / 42.71759; -84.48439
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T.B. Simon Power Plant
T. B. Simon Power Plant, south view (2011)
Map
LandVereinigte Staaten
StandortMichigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
Coordinates42°43′03″N 84°29′04″W / 42.71759°N 84.48439°W / 42.71759; -84.48439
StatusOperational
Owner(s)Michigan State University
Thermal power station
Primary fuelNatural gas
Tertiary fuelBiofuel
Cogeneration?Yes
Power generation
Units operational6
Nameplate capacity99.3 MW
External links
CommonsRelated media on Commons
[edit on Wikidata]

T.B. Simon Power Plant is a multi-fuel cogeneration facility located on the campus of Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan. The Simon Power Plant is the principal energy provider to the 45,000-student main campus, meeting approximately 97% of demand.

Pressurized steam is distributed throughout the campus through an extensive network of tunnels to provide both heating and cooling to approximately 500 instructional, research, and residential buildings located on more than 5,000 acres (2,000 ha). Electrical power is distributed through the same tunnels, making the campus relatively immune from outages due to weather.

The primary fuel for T. B. Simon is natural gas. Simon's east smokestack identifies its operator with the letters M S U in white brick.

Interior

History

The first electric lights on the campus were powered by a dam on the Grand River, five miles away.[1] The dam was succeeded by a generator fitted at the recently-built Boiler House in 1894.[2]

The second Boiler House, built in 1904, provided both steam and electric power to the growing campus. Some 4,100 feet (1,200 m) of underground steam and power distribution tunnels were built at the same time, the beginning of the infrastructure still in use. This facility was a very early example of a purpose-built cogeneration plant.

By 1921, the second Boiler House had been incorporated into a larger power plant, which saw a major expansion in 1939, and operated until 1966.[2]

The fourth power plant on the MSU campus was the Shaw Lane Power Plant, built in 1948 near Spartan Stadium. Like its three predecessors, the Shaw Lane plant was coal-fired, receiving its coal from the Pere Marquette railroad spur on the west side of the building.

The former Shaw Lane plant in 2005, showing the "MSC" smokestack

Shaw Lane was deactivated as a power plant in 1975, though it continued to house an electrical substation. The plant's 239-foot (73 m) smokestack bearing the letters M S C (for Michigan State College) was a campus landmark until its demolition in 2011.[3] The remainder of the plant's structure was converted to a new STEM Teaching and Learning Facility, opening in 2021.[4] The Simon facility is the fifth power plant to be located on the Michigan State campus. Its six generating units were built in four stages between 1965 and 2006.[5]

The $23 million 2006 addition is a combined-cycle plant, consisting of a conventional pulverized-coal steam turbine/generator (Unit 5) and a natural gas combustion turbine with heat-recovery steam generator (Unit 6). Unit 6 gives the Simon plant black start capability in the event of a general power outage.[6]

Namesake

The plant's namesake is Theodore "Ted" Simon. Simon is the father-in-law of former University President Lou Anna Simon.

Simon graduated from MSU, then known as the Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, in 1942. He returned to the university as an assistant construction engineer, and was promoted to the Superintendent of Buildings and Facilities in the mid-1950s. Simon continued in leadership roles in the MSU Physical Plant until his retirement in 1984.[7]

In addition to his work at Michigan State, Simon was a founding member of the Michigan Association of Physical Plant Administrators.[8]

Technologie

As of 2016, MSU's Simon Plant operates entirely on natural gas.[9] Prior to 2016, MSU's Simon plant burned approximately 250,000 tons of low-sulfur Eastern coal, principally from Kentucky, and also burned biofuels to supplement coal.[10]

The yard locomotive used for moving coal cars, shown in 2011 before the facility's conversion to natural gas

The total nameplate capacity of the facility is approximately 100 megawatts.[5]

The facility is divided into six units, built in four phases. Units 1-5 are cogeneration units, which produced superheated steam at 900 psi which is used to drive a turbine/generator, emerging at 90 psi for distribution to campus buildings through a system of tunnels. Steam condensate is returned from campus to the plant via the same tunnels to be cleaned and reused. Since both usable steam and electricity are produced in a single process, the combined energy efficiency is approximately 60 percent, twice that of an electric-only unit.[11]

Unit 6 is an electric generator only with no cogeneration capacity.

Unit number Date built Capacity Technologie Original fuel type Notes
1 1965 12.5 MW Dry-bottom wall-fired boiler Coal Initial construction
2 1965 12.5 MW Dry-bottom wall-fired boiler Coal Built in tandem with Unit 1
3 1973 15 MW Dry-bottom wall-fired boiler Coal
4 1993 21 MW Circulating fluidized bed Coal and biofuel
5 2006 24 MW Dry-bottom wall-fired boiler Coal
6 2006 14 MW Natural gas-fired turbine with dry low-NOx burner Natural gas Electric-only

Steam tunnels

The plant's steam production is carried through campus in over 10 miles (16 km) of steam tunnels. Access points are locked and unmarked, and University Ordinance 15.09 bans anyone from entering except for "performance of assigned university duties." James Dallas Egbert III, a gifted but troubled 16-year-old MSU student, entered the steam tunnels on August 15, 1979, with the intention of committing suicide there. News reports of his disappearance erroneously claimed that Egbert had gotten lost in the tunnels while playing a real-life version of Dungeons & Dragons.

Portions of the 2003 independent film Terror at Baxter U, written by MSU professor Bill Vincent, were filmed in the steam tunnels below Berkey Hall.[citation needed]

Emissions and environment

The Simon plant is operated under permits from the Michigan Department of Environment Quality.[12] Though Unit 4's fluidized bed combustion produces more efficient burning at a lower temperature and Units No. z5 and 6 only burn natural gas, the plant remains a significant emitter of several pollutants, and the principal source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on campus:

  • CO2 (Carbon dioxide) - 542,606 tons (2009)
  • SO
    x     (sulfur oxides) - 2,812 tons (2009)
  • NOx (nitrogen oxides) - 811 (2009)
  • PM10 (particulates) - 12 tons (2009)[10] with MSU receiving a 2009 permit to burn up to 4,000 tons of wood and switchgrass annually. In 2011, the university requested permits covering an additional 24,000 tons of biofuel per year.[13]

In 2010, MSU was fined $27,000 by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) for two 2008 violations of its operating permit: the burning of wet coal, which resulted in excessive NOx emissions; and the improper blending of coal, which resulted in excess sulfur dioxide emissions.[14]

"MSU Beyond Coal," a campaign launched in 2010 in association with the Sierra Club, is lobbying the university to transition "away from coal to 100% clean, renewable energy sources."[15] Student activists are trying to leverage the school's own "Be Spartan Green" environmental-consciousness initiative[16] to pressure the university into committing to a target date for giving up coal.[17]

MSU joined the Chicago Climate Exchange in 2006, promising a 6% decrease in emissions by 2010 and a 15% decrease by 2015 (versus a 2000 benchmark). The plant receives emissions credits when operating Units 5 and 6 due to their clean-burning natural-gas boilers.[18]

While emission targets can also be addressed by managing demand, as of 2006 the MSU campus already had the lowest per-capita and per-square foot energy consumption in the Big Ten.[19]

"Green" power initiatives on the MSU campus include solar panels on the new MSU Surplus and Recycling Center (2009) and geothermal heating for the Life Sciences Addition (2010).[20]

See also

References

  1. ^ Beal, William James (1915). History of the Michigan Agricultural College and Biographical Sketches of Trustees and Professors. East Lansing: Agricultural College. p. 103 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ a b Forsyth, Kevin. "Power Plants". A Brief History of East Lansing, Michigan.
  3. ^ "MSC smokestack demolition to begin". MSU Today. Michigan State University. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
  4. ^ "MSU officially unveils new academic building". MSU Today. Michigan State University. September 10, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  5. ^ a b "A brief history of the T.B. Simon Power Plant". Michigan State University Physical Plant Division. Archived from the original on April 16, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
  6. ^ "Michigan State University: TB Simon Power Plant Units 5 and 6". Christman Company. Archived from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2011.
  7. ^ Simon, Ted (November 11, 2001). "On The Banks of the Red Cedar: Ted Simon" (PDF) (Interview). Interviewed by Jeff Charnley. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  8. ^ Morrow, Earl (May 3, 2017). "History". Michigan APPA. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  9. ^ Gugiac, Anca (April 19, 2016). "Michigan State is Done Using Coal at Its Power Plant". Commercial Property Executive.
  10. ^ a b "Physical Plant Division: Facts & Statistics". Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
  11. ^ "Green issues". Archived from the original on April 16, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
  12. ^ http://www.deq.state.mi.us/maers/emissions_query_results.asp?SRN=k3249&Facility_Name=michigan+state+university&EI_Year=&City=&County=&AQD_District=&cmdSubmit=Submit+Query
  13. ^ "Green issues | Physical Plant Division | Physical Plant Division | Michigan State University". Archived from the original on April 16, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
  14. ^ "MSU coal plant should own up to violations". StateNews.com. March 1, 2010. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
  15. ^ http://msubeyondcoal.wordpress.com/ [user-generated source]
  16. ^ http://www.bespartangreen.msu.edu/
  17. ^ The Green and the Black http://www.lansingcitypulse.com/lansing/article-5519-the-green-and-the-black.html
  18. ^ http://www.bespartangreen.msu.edu/content/documents/decisionaidtoreduceghgs.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  19. ^ "Big Ten 'mini cities' create big impact | EJ Magazine". Archived from the original on March 25, 2012. Retrieved June 21, 2011.
  20. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 6, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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