Chopan ibn Buday
Chopan ibn Buday (Kumyk: Чопан Будайны уланы, 1569–1588) was a Kumyk[1] shamkhal of Tarki[2][3][4] from 1569 to 1588.[5]
Biography
He descended from the Kumyk dynasty of Shamkhals and was the son of Alibek, according to another version, the son of Budai and thus the nephew of the previous khan, after whose death in 1569 he became the new ruler of Gazikumukh. From the very beginning, in the confrontation against the Russian troops, Chopan II decided to rely on the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate, with whom an allied treaty was concluded. In 1570, Chopan Shamkhal with his troops took part in the campaign of the Ottoman-Crimean Tatar troops against Astrakhan. However, the campaign was unsuccessful, Astrakhan could not be captured, and, in the end, Shamkhal's allies retreated to Azov.[6]
At the same time, Chopan's troops destroyed the fortress built by the Russians on the Sunzha river, broke into Kabarda, then took part in the battle against the troops of tsar Ivan the Terrible on the side of the Crimean khan Devlet I Giray.
In addition to relations with the Ottoman Sultan Selim II and the Crimean Khan Devlet, he had allies among noble families in Kabarda and is in family ties with the Kaitag utsmis.[7]
In 1576, after the death of Tahmasp I, he supported Ismail II during the struggle for power, but after his death, Chopan went over to the side of the Ottoman Empire.[8] In the same year, together with his brother Tunji-Alav, the Tabasaran Bek Gazi Salih and the Shirvans, he opposed the Persian troops of the Kizilbash, who were forced to leave Shirvan.[8] For these actions he received an award from the Ottoman Sultan, at whose invitation he visited the empire in 1578. On October 17 of the same year, the shamkhal was received by Sardar Lala Mustafa Pasha, who was presented with an honorary robe, a saber and a war horse with full equipment. In addition, for merits in the war against the Qizilbash, Chopan II was given the Shaburan sanjak as an inheritance, and his brother Tundzhi-Alav received the sanjaks of Akhty and Ikhir.[9] For this, the shamkhal undertook to defend Shirvan and supply the Ottoman troops with provisions.[10]
In 1578, together with the Ottoman detachments, Chopan occupied Shemakha, but there were not enough forces to develop the offensive.[11] Soon Shamkhal with allies went on the defensive from the Persian troops led by Aras Khan. In the end, on November 30, he retreated to Derbent. In August 1579 he ended up with a new Ottoman army led by Mehmet-bek and the Crimean Tatars. In 1580, all these troops went on the offensive. The army of Chopan II participated in the admiration of Shirvan, Karabakh, along with Yerevan and Tabriz (one of the capitals of Persia).[12]
In 1585, relations with the Ottomans suddenly deteriorated, as a result of the intention of the sultans to turn Dagestan into one of their vilayets and the construction of fortresses on the Terek. Not wanting to enter into an open conflict, Chopan prevented this plan in every possible way. Relations between the Gazikumukh shamkhalate and Persia begin to recover.
References
- ^ Gadzhiev, Vladilen (1965). The role of Russia in the history of Dagestan. "Mountain sovereign prince, Tarkovsky Buday Shevkal and Kumytsky Chepalai and all city owners". Makhachkala: Наука. p. 92.
- ^ The Peasant War in Russia in 1670–1671: The Rise of Stepan Razin. Vol. 1.
- ^ Gutnov, Feliks (1989). Genealogical legends of Ossetians as a historical source. Ordzhonikidze (Vladikavkaz). p. 66.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Dubrovin, Nikolay (1871). History of war and domination of Russians in the Caucasus. The peoples inhabiting the Caucasus. Vol. 1. St. Petersburg. pp. 291, 621.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Adjamatov, Bagautdin (2022-05-15). The history of the Turks and Kumyks from ancient times (in Russian). Litres. ISBN 978-5-04-255795-8.
- ^ Adjamatov, Bagautdin (2022-05-15). Istambuldan Endireye (From Istanbul to Endirey) (in Russian). Litres. ISBN 978-5-04-256031-6.
- ^ Daniyalov, Gadzhi-Ali (1967). History of Dagestan. Vol. 1. Makhachkala: Institute of Language, Literature and Art named after Gamzat Tsadasa. p. 281.
- ^ a b Afandiyev, Oktay (1981). The Azerbaijani State of the Safavids in the 16th century. Baku. p. 15.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Kumyk world | Historical calendar-2008". web.archive.org. 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2023-02-24.
- ^ Shikhaliev, Devlet-Mirza (1848). Kumyk's story about Kumyks. Tbilisi: Newspaper Kavkaz. pp. 37–44.
- ^ Peçevî, İbrahim (1988). Azărbai̐janyn vă ḣămḣu̇dud ȯlkă vă vilai̐ătlărin 1520-1640-jy illăr dȯvru̇ tarikhină dair igtibaslar. Ėlm. p. 44.
- ^ Aliev, Kamil (2008). Çoban-şamxal möhtəşəm – Choban-shamkhal the Magnificent. Soy.