Sadaat-e-Bara
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| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
•  Indien •  Pakistan | |
| Languages | |
| • Urdu • Hindi • Awadhi | |
| Religion | |
•  Islam 100% • | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| • Sayyid • Arab • Sayyid of Uttar Pradesh• Sadaat Amroha• Gardezi Sadaat • Sadaat-e-Sirsi * Sadaat-e-Bilgram • Sadaat-e-Saithal |
Sadat e-Bara sometimes pronounced Sadaat-e-Bahara, are a community of Sayyids, originally Elite or Noble Sayyid families situated in the Muzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh in India. This community had considerable influence during the reign of the Mughal Empire. Its members were also found in Karnal District and Haryana, Gujarat & Karnataka, Maharashtra state in India.Some of the members of this community have migrated to Pakistan after independence and have settled in Karachi, Khairpur State in Sind and Lahore.[1] Sadat e Bara or Sayads of Barha or Saadat-e-Barha Saadat Bara/Saiyids of Barha
Ancestry
The ancestor of Bārha Sayyids, Sayyid Abu'l Farah Al Hussaini Al Wasti, left his original home in Wasit, Iraq, with his twelve sons at the end of the 10th century or the beginning of the 11th century CE and migrated to India, where he obtained four estates in Punjab. Over time, Abu'l Farah's descendants took over Bārha riyasat (township) in Muzzafarnagar.[2]
There are four sub-divisions of Barha Sadaat in Muzaffarnagar area:[3]
- the Tihaanpuri, whose chief town was Jansath, belong to Syed Najm uddin
- the Chatraudi, whose chief town was Sambhalhera, belong to syed abu'l Fazaail Al Wasti,
- the Kundliwal, whose chief town was Mujhera, belong to Syed Daoud.
- the Jajneri, whose chief town was Bidauli, belong to Syed Abu'l Faraaish,
The origin of the Sadaat-e-Bara or Barha is traced to Sayyid Abu'l Farah Al Hussaini Al Wasti, son of Sayyid Daud Al Hussaini, who came to Ghazni in Afghanistan, from Wasit, at the invitation of Mahmud Ghaznavi. He had twelve sons of whom four settled in four villages Kundli Tihanpur, Jajner and Chhat-Banur, near the city of Patiala. These four sons founded a number of clans, the main ones being Chhatrodi, Kundliwal, Tihanpuri and Jajneri, from the villages assigned to them.[4]
History
Role in the Mughal empire
The Barha Sayyid tribe of Indian Muslims traditionally composed the vanguard of the imperial army, which they held the hereditary right to lead in every battle.[6][7]
Aurangzeb's warning to his sons to be cautious in dealing with the Sayyids of Barha, "...because a strong partner in government soon wants to seize the kingship for himself", would eventually become prophetic."[8][9][10]
6 years after the death of Aurangzeb, the Barhas became kingmakers in the Mughal empire under Qutub-ul-Mulk and Ihtisham-ul-Mulk, creating and deposing Mughal emperors at will.[11] Farrukhsiyar defeated the Mughal emperor Jahandar Shah at the Battle of Agra, due to the reckless bravery of the Barha Sayyids,[12] and rose as the Mughal emperor as a puppet of the Syed brothers. Farrukhsiyar was executed on the orders of the Syed brothers, who raised three consequtive emperors to the throne.
After the Mughal empire
The Syeds of Barha were recruited in the Subah of Bengal, and proved to a formidable resistance to Alivardi Khan. Mirza Baqir Ali led a rebellion against Alivardi Khan, with a contingent composed of the Syeds of Barha. The Barha Syeds exhibited feats of hereditary gallantry, causing Alivardi Khan's men to flee from the battlefield.[13]
The Barha Sayyids regained many of their estates from the Marathas and regained their status in the parganah by the time of British arrival.[14]
In the 20th century, Mohsin-ul-Mulk founded the Urdu Defence Association, or the Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu, committed to the perpetuation of the Urdu language.[15][16] Although the Syeds of Barha were Shi'as, Mohsin-ul-Mulk converted to Sunni Islam and authored the book Ayat-i Bayanat in which he showed why the Sunni faith was preferable.[17]
See also
References
- ^ " Tareekh Sadaat E Barha" written by Khan Bahadur Syed Muzaffar Ali Khan of Jansath & People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three page 1247 Manohar Publications
- ^ The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Supplement : Parts 1-2, page 126, Clifford Edmund Bosworth, Brill Archive, 1980
- ^ Memoirs on the history, folk-lore, and distribution of the races of the North Western Provinces of India, Sir Henry Miers Elliot, Trübner & co., 1869
- ^ ain-e-Akbari Abul Fazal Henry Beveridge's translation Footnote on Sayyeds of Barha
- ^ Journal of Indian HistoryVolume 39. Department of Modern Indian History. 1960. p. 21.
- ^ William Irvine (1971). Later Mughal. Atlantic Publishers & Distri. p. 202.
- ^ Rajasthan Institute of Historical Research (1975). Journal of the Rajasthan Institute of Historical Research: Volume 12. Rajasthan Institute of Historical Research.
- ^ Muhammad Umar (1998). Muslim Society in Northern India During the Eighteenth Century. p. 22.
- ^ Jadunath Sarkar. Anecdotes of Aurangzeb. p. 48.
- ^ Sheikh Muhammad (1998). History of Muslim Civilization in India and PakistanA Political and Cultural History. p. 331.
- ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 193. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ^ not listed (1929). Journal of Indian History: Volume 7. Department of Modern Indian History. p. 207.
- ^ BibliothecaIndicaVolume 154. 1902. p. 329.
- ^ Madan Prasad Bezbaruah, Dr. Krishna Gopal (2003). Fairs and Festivals of India-Volume 3. Indiana University. p. 470. ISBN 9788121208109.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Dawnwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Muslim Politics and Leadership in the South Asian Sub-continent |publisher=Institute of Islamic History, Culture and Civilization, Islamic University (Islamabad)
- ^ B. Sheikh Ali (1999). A Leader Reassessed:Life and Work of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.