Electra (teletext)
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 Screenshot of Electra's front page from 1985. | |
| Developer | Taft Broadcasting |
|---|---|
| Typ | Teletext |
| Launch date | 1981 |
| Discontinued | 1993 |
| Platform(s) | World System Teletext |
| Status | Discontinued |
Electra was a teletext service in the United States that was in operation from the early 1980s up until 1993,[1] when it was shut down due to a lack of funding, and discontinuation of teletext-capable television sets by the only US television manufacturer offering teletext capability at the time, Zenith.[1] It was owned, operated and maintained by Cincinnati-based Taft Broadcasting[2] (specifically at their flagship station, WKRC-TV,[3] which had debuted the service in their area first) and Tulsa, Oklahoma-based Satellite Syndicated Systems (SSS),[4] in cooperation with cable/satellite TV station Superstation WTBS (now TBS), who carried Electra's data on their vertical blanking interval.[5] SSS's own TV network, the Satellite Program Network (later renamed to Tempo Television), carried the service before it was shut down in 1989 (SSS/Tempo having sold their transponder space to NBC, who used it to launch CNBC). The service was also available to C-band satellite dish users via the Galaxy 1 and Satcom 3R satellites.
Electra was America's answer to the British Ceefax or ORACLE systems, providing news headlines, weather, entertainment/lifestyle info, and other information. Electra used the World System Teletext (WST) protocol, the same protocol used by Ceefax and ORACLE, as well as by other teletext services in the rest of the European continent.
Electra also carried another teletext service on its higher-numbered pages, an SSS-created service called Tempo Text[6] (originally named Cabletext); it provided pages of 15-minute delayed stock quotes from the NYSE, AMEX and OTC, and the latest business news. Electra occupied pages 100 to 199, while Cabletext/Tempo could be found on pages 201 through 212.[7][8]
Electra was one of the very few American teletext services in operation. A few other services were offered by some large-market TV stations in the US throughout the 1980s, such as Metrotext from KTTV in Los Angeles and KeyFax from WFLD in Chicago.
At the time of Electra's closing in 1993, it was the only teletext service in the United States.
References
- ^ a b Banks, Michael (2012-11-05). On the Way to the Web: The Secret History of the Internet and Its Founders. Apress. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-4302-5075-3.
- ^ Technology, United States Congress House Committee on Science and Technology Subcommittee on Science, Research, and (1984). Developing Technologies for Television Captioning: Benefits for the Hearing Impaired : Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, First Session, November 9, 1983. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 100.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Mirabito, Michael M.; Morgenstern, Barbara L. (2004). The New Communications Technologies: Applications, Policy, and Impact. Taylor & Francis. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-240-80586-3.
- ^ Harrington, Thomas P.; Cooper, Robert B. (1986). Tune the Hidden Signals on Satellite TV: The Secret Signals on Satellite TV. Universal Electronics. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-916661-04-5.
- ^ Fantel, Hans (November 22, 1987). "Video; Teletext use is growing". The New York Times. p. 34. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
- ^ Lott, Chris (May 27, 2021). "History Of Closed Captions: Entering The Digital Era". Hackaday. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ Gifford (April 1986). "Teletext Decoder" (PDF). Radio Electronics. pp. 45–49.
- ^ Graziplene, Leonard R. (2000). Teletext : its promise and demise. Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh University Press. ISBN 0-934223-64-5. OCLC 43434699.
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