Titan submersible implosion
![]() | This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports may be unreliable. The latest updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. (June 2023) |
![]() | A request that this article title be changed to 2023 Titan submersible disappearance is under discussion. Please do not move this article until the discussion is closed. |
![]() Location of the wreck of the Titanic, where the Titan was diving | |
Date | 18 June 2023 – present |
---|---|
Standort | North Atlantic, near the wreck of the Titanic |
Participants | OceanGate Expeditions |
Outcome | Submersible missing, search and rescue operation underway |
Missing | 5 |
41°43′32″N 49°56′49″W / 41.72556°N 49.94694°W On 18 June 2023, the submersible Titan operated by OceanGate went missing in international waters in the North Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.[1] The submersible was on a tourist expedition to view the wreck of the Titanic, with five people on board. Communication was lost with the submersible one hour and 45 minutes into its dive to the wreck site, and authorities were notified when it did not resurface at its scheduled time later that day.[2][3] The craft's estimated four-day breathable air supply was expected to be exhausted on the morning of 22 June 2023.[4]
Concerns about the safety of the vehicle had previously been raised.[5] Search and rescue efforts are being carried out by an international team led by the United States Coast Guard, United States Navy, Canadian Coast Guard and Canadian Armed Forces.[6][7]
Background
OceanGate is a private company founded by Stockton Rush and a business partner in 2009. Since 2010 it has transported paying customers in commercial submersibles off the coast of California, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Atlantic Ocean.[8]
Rush realized that visiting shipwreck sites was a way to get media attention, and in 2016 the company transported customers to a shipwreck for the first time, utilizing their submersible Cyclops 1 to visit the Andrea Doria wreck site. In 2019, Rush told Smithsonian magazine "There's only one wreck that everyone knows ... If you ask people to name something underwater, it's going to be sharks, whales, Titanic."[8]
Titanic
The Titanic was a British ocean liner that sank in the North Atlantic on 15 April 1912, after colliding with an iceberg. In 1985, the wreckage was discovered on the ocean floor around 400 nautical miles (740 km) from the coast of Newfoundland.[9] The wreck lies at a depth of about 3,810 metres (12,500 feet; 2,080 fathoms).[10]
Titan submersible
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Cyclops_1_Submersible.jpg/220px-Cyclops_1_Submersible.jpg)
Titan is a five-person submersible vessel operated by OceanGate, Inc. According to OceanGate, it is designed to dive as deep as 4,000 m (13,000 ft) "for site survey and inspection, research and data collection, film and media production, and deepsea testing of hardware and software."[11]
The 6.7-metre-long (22 ft), 10,432 kg (23,000 lb) vessel is constructed from carbon fibre and titanium.[11] The entire pressure vessel consists of two titanium hemispheres, two matching titanium interface rings, and the 142 cm (56 in) internal diameter, 2.4-metre-long (7.9 ft) carbon fibre wound cylinder.[12] One of the titanium hemispherical end caps is fitted with a 380 mm-diameter (15 in) acrylic window.[13] In 2020, OceanGate CEO Stockton Rush stated that the hull had been downgraded to a depth rating of 3,000 m (9,800 ft) after demonstrating signs of cyclic fatigue. In 2020 and 2021, the hull was either repaired or rebuilt.[14]
Titan's steering controls consist of a Logitech G F710 (a wireless game controller) with modified analogue sticks.[15][16][17] It moves at up to 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) using four electric thrusters, arrayed two horizontal and two vertical.[18]
According to OceanGate, the vessel contains monitoring systems to continuously monitor the strength of the hull.[11] The vessel has life support for five crew members for 96 hours.[11] There is no on-board navigation system; the support ship, which monitors the position of Titan relative to its target, sends text messages to Titan providing distances and directions.[19]
The Titan has seven backup systems intended to return the vessel to surface in case of emergency, including ballast that can be dropped, a balloon, and thrusters. Some of the backup systems are designed to work even if all aboard the submersible are unconscious; there are sandbags held by hooks that dissolve after a certain number of hours in the water and release the sandbags, letting the vessel float to the surface.[20][21]
Titanic expeditions
Typically, each dive has a pilot, three paying passengers, and a guide on board.[2] Once these people are inside the submersible, the hatch is bolted shut and must be reopened from the outside.[22] The descent from the surface to the Titanic typically takes three hours,[23] with the full dive taking approximately eight hours.[2] Throughout the journey, the submersible is expected to emit a safety ping every 15 minutes to be monitored by the above-water crew.[9] The vessel and surface crew can also communicate via short text messages.[24]
Customers who travel to the Titanic with OceanGate, referred to as "mission specialists" by the company,[25] spend US$250,000 to be involved in the eight-day expedition.[2][26]
Technology writer and reporter David Pogue, who completed the expedition in 2022 as part of a CBS News Sunday Morning feature,[27] stated that all passengers who enter the Titan sign a waiver confirming their knowledge that it is an "experimental" vessel "that has not been approved or certified by any regulatory body, and could result in physical injury, disability, emotional trauma or death."[28] Television producer Mike Reiss, who has also completed the expedition, noted that the waiver "mention[s] death three times on page one."[29] On this expedition, the communication system also failed on one of the dives, preventing the crew from finding the wreckage.[27]
OceanGate intended to conduct multiple expeditions to the Titanic in 2023, but because of poor weather in Newfoundland, the company has only launched a single expedition so far in 2023.[2][23]
Prior concerns
Because the Titan operated in international waters, it was not subject to any safety regulations.[30] A 2019 article published in Smithsonian magazine referred to OceanGate CEO Stockton Rush as a "daredevil inventor".[8] In the article, Rush is described as having said the U.S. Passenger Vessel Safety Act of 1993 "needlessly prioritized passenger safety over commercial innovation".[8][31] In a 2022 interview, Rush told CBS News, "At some point, safety just is pure waste. I mean, if you just want to be safe, don't get out of bed. Don't get in your car. Don't do anything."[32]
In 2016, OceanGate made an agreement with Henry Cookson Adventures Ltd., an English travel company, to bring nine passengers to the Titanic wreckage in 2018.[33] According to OceanGate, the 2018 expedition was cancelled due to weather concerns, and the company issued a statement that they were "100% committed to safety and want[ed] to fully test the sub and validate all operational and emergency procedures before launching any expedition."[34] Henry Cookson Adventures Ltd. accused OceanGate of not having a "seaworthy vessel."[33] They filed a civil lawsuit against OceanGate in 2021 demanding $850,000, claiming weather had not caused the expedition to be cancelled but rather "the submersible vessel was unable to be certified at the time for safe operations."[33] The travel company dropped the case in July 2022.[33]
In 2018, the Marine Technology Society wrote a letter to Rush expressing "unanimous concern regarding the development of 'TITAN' and the planned Titanic Expedition", indicating that the "current experimental approach ... could result in negative outcomes (from minor to catastrophic) that would have serious consequences for everyone in the industry".[35] A signatory of the letter later told The New York Times that Rush had called him after reading it to tell him that he believed industry standards were stifling innovation.[5]
In 2018, OceanGate sued former OceanGate submersible pilot and director of marine operations David Lochridge for allegedly breaching his confidentiality contract and making fraudulent statements.[36] In his counterclaim, Lochridge claimed he had been wrongfully terminated as a whistleblower for bringing up concerns about the Titan's ability to safely operate at extreme depths, stating the vessel — specifically the transparent viewport on its forward end — was only certified to reach a depth of 1,300 m (4,300 ft), only a third of the depth required to reach the Titanic.[37] Lochridge was also concerned that OceanGate wouldn't perform nondestructive testing on the vessel's hull before undertaking manned dives, and alleged that he was "repeatedly told that no scan of the hull or Bond Line could be done to check for delaminations, porosity and voids of sufficient adhesion of the glue being used due to the thickness of the hull".[37][14][38] OceanGate and Lochridge settled a few months later.[37][39]
![A picture of Logitech F710, the game controller used aboard the Titan](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logitech_F710.jpg/220px-Logitech_F710.jpg)
External videos | |
---|---|
![]() |
The Titan has made three expeditions to the Titanic wreck site, the first of which was in July 2021.[40] In 2022, reporter David Pogue was onboard the surface ship when communication to the Titan was lost during a dive.[41] Pogue's December 2022 report for CBS Sunday Morning, which questioned Titan's safety, went viral on social media after the submersible again lost contact with its support ship in June 2023.[42] In the report, Pogue commented to Rush that "it seems like this submersible has some elements of MacGyvery jerry-rigged-ness". He noted that a $30 Logitech F710 Bluetooth game controller with modified control sticks is used to steer and pitch the submersible, and that construction pipes were used as ballast.[43]
In a 2022 dive to the Titanic, one of the thrusters on the Titan was accidentally installed backwards and the submersible started spinning in circles when trying to move forward near the sea floor. As documented by the BBC documentary Take Me to Titanic, the issue was bypassed by steering while holding the game controller sideways.[44][45] According to November 2022 court filings, OceanGate reported that in a 2022 dive the submersible suffered from battery issues and as a result had to be manually attached to a lifting platform, causing damage to external components.[46][47]
Incident
Timeline of events
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lunenburg_Fishing_Boat_Yards_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Lunenburg_Fishing_Boat_Yards_1_%28cropped%29.jpg)
On 16 June, the expedition to the Titanic departed from St. John's, Newfoundland, aboard the research and expedition ship MV Polar Prince. The ship arrived at the dive site on 17 June, and the dive operation began the following day on 18 June at 9:30 a.m. Newfoundland Daylight Time (NDT; UTC−02:30) (12:00 UTC).[48][49] For the first hour and a half of the descent, the Titan communicated with the Polar Prince every 15 minutes, but communication stopped after a recorded communication at 11:15 a.m. (13:45 UTC).[48] The vessel was expected to resurface at 4:30 p.m. (19:00 UTC).[48] At 7:10 p.m. (21:40 UTC) the U.S. Coast Guard was notified of the missing vessel.[50] The submersible had up to 96 hours of breathable air supply for its five passengers when it set out,[40] which was estimated to expire in the morning of 22 June 2023.[4]
Many errors could have occurred. One possibility is that the Titan's communication equipment may have failed, meaning they cannot communicate with the surface crew but can freely navigate. It is also possible there is a problem with the ballast system, which is responsible for managing the vessel's buoyancy. Another scenario is that the Titan became snared or fouled on a piece of debris, preventing ascent.[51] It may also have suffered damage or a mechanical failure that caused the submersible to implode, which would have killed the occupants instantly.[52][4]
People aboard
- Shahzada Dawood, British-Pakistani businessman (of the Dawood Hercules Corporation) and a trustee at the SETI Institute.[53]
- Suleman Dawood, 19-year-old son of Shahzada Dawood.[28]
- Hamish Harding, British businessman, aviator, and space tourist.[26]
- Paul-Henry Nargeolet, former French Navy commander, diver, submersible pilot, member of the French Institute for Research and Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER),[23][26] and director of underwater research for E/M Group and RMS Titanic, Inc.,[54] which owns salvage rights to the wreckage site.[55] Nargeolet has led several expeditions to the wreck, supervised the recovery of thousands of artifacts, and is "widely considered the leading authority on the wreck site" according to The Guardian.[54]
- Stockton Rush, submersible pilot, chief executive and founder of OceanGate, Inc.[56]
Search and rescue operations
The United States Coast Guard, United States Navy, and Canadian Coast Guard are leading the search and rescue efforts.[6] Aircraft from the Royal Canadian Air Force and United States Air National Guard, as well as a Royal Canadian Navy vessel are also assisting in the search.[57][58][7]
The search involves both a surface search and an underwater sonar search.[28]
19 June
Crews from the Northeast Sector of the United States Coast Guard, based in Boston, launched search missions 900 nautical miles (1,700 km) from the shore of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.[59][60] Joint Rescue Coordination Centre Halifax reported that a Royal Canadian Air Force Lockheed CP-140 Aurora aircraft and CCGS Kopit Hopson 1752 were participating in the search in response to a request for assistance by the Maritime Rescue Coordination Center in Boston made on 18 June at 21:43 NDT.[57][61]
The U.S. Coast Guard indicated that the search and rescue mission is difficult because of the remote location. Rear Admiral John Mauger stated that they are "deploying all available assets".[26] Beyond the difficulty in reaching the location, all search and rescue operations are hindered by weather, darkness, sea conditions, and water temperature".[51] While many submersibles are equipped with an acoustic beacon which emits sounds that can be detected underwater by rescuers, it is unclear whether the Titan has such a device.[51]
The search involved three C-130 Hercules aircraft, two from the United States and one from Canada;[28][54]: 4 a P-8 Poseidon aircraft from the United States and sonar buoys.[62] Neither country has underwater vessels capable of easily assisting in the search and rescue missions.[51] The U.S. Navy has one submarine rescue vehicle, although the vessel cannot reach the Titan's potential depth. The Navy also has remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs), but these vessels may not arrive at the site in time.[51] Search and rescue was also hampered by low visibility weather conditions, which cleared on Tuesday.[63]
20 June
The pipe-laying ship Deep Energy, operated by TechnipFMC, arrived on site on 20 June 2023, with two ROVs and other equipment suited to the seabed depths in the area.[7] As of 10:45 NDT, the U.S. Coast Guard had searched 10,000 square miles (26,000 km2).[64] An Air National Guard C-130 also joined in the search and rescue mission, with plans for two more to join by the end of the day.[58]
The U.S. Coast Guard reported that additional ships and ROVs were en route to assist with the search: CCGS John Cabot, CCGS Ann Harvey, CCGS Terry Fox, Atlantic Merlin (ROV)[65], MV Horizon Arctic, Skandi Vinland (ROV), French Research Vessel L'Atalante (ROV), and HMCS Glace Bay. Glace Bay carries medical personnel and a mobile decompression chamber.[6] L'Atalante carries Victor 6000 , a ROV that can reach depths of up to 6,000 metres (20,000 ft). The ship is operated by the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea, and is scheduled to arrive at the site on the evening of 21 June.[66]
According to an internal American government memo, a Canadian CP-140 Aurora's sonar picked up banging sounds while searching for the submersible.[67] The U.S. Coast Guard officially acknowledged the sounds early the following morning, but reported that early investigations had not yielded results.[67] Rear Admiral John Mauger of the U.S. Coast Guard said the source of the noise was unknown and may have come from the many metal objects at the site of the wreck.[68] A Canadian CP-140 Aurora plane had previously spotted a "white rectangular object" floating on the surface. A ship sent to find and identify the object was diverted to help find the source of the noise.[69]
21 June
Despite rising concerns about the oxygen levels on the Titan, the U.S. Coast Guard stated they are "100%" still viewing the disappearance of the Titan as a search and rescue mission rather than a wreckage recovery mission.[70] As of approximately 15:00 NDT, five air and water vehicles were actively searching for the Titan, and another five are expected to arrive in the next 24–48 hours.[71] Current search and rescue assets include two ROVs, one CP-140 Aurora aircraft, and one C-130 aircraft.[71]
The U.S. Navy's Flyaway Deep Ocean Salvage System (FADOSS), a ship lift system designed to lift large and heavy objects from the deep sea, arrived in St. John's, though no ships were available to carry the system to the wreck site.[72][73] Officials estimated it would take around 24 hours to weld the FADOSS system to the deck of a carrier ship before it can set sail to the search and rescue operation.[73]
The French Government approved to send an underwater vehicle to aid for the search, the vehicle can reach up to 20,000ft[74]
Reactions
Parks Stephenson, director of the USS Kidd Veterans Museum and Titanic researcher, commented on the disappearance of the Titan via Facebook: "No matter what you may read in the coming hours, all that is truly known at this time is that communications with the submersible have been lost and that is unusual enough to warrant the most serious consideration." He added: "I am most concerned about the souls aboard."[75] Stephenson is experienced in deep-sea explorations such as the Titan's, having previously dived to view the Titanic on five occasions.[75][76] Stephenson later added that the divers "wouldn't be out there if it wasn't for the public demand for information regarding this wreck".[77]
Discussing the search and rescue response, Sean Leet, co-founder and chair of Horizon, the company that owns the Polar Prince, said, "I've been in the marine industry since a very young age and seen a lot of different situations, and I've never seen equipment of that nature move that quickly ... The response from the U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. Military, folks at the airport, the people here, various companies who were involved in the mobilization of that equipment … it was done flawlessly."[78]
See also
- Deep-submergence rescue vehicle – Submersible used for rescue of people from disabled submarines and submersibles
- List of submarine incidents since 2000
- Rescue of Roger Mallinson and Roger Chapman – Rescue of two crew of a submersible
References
- ^ "A former passenger details what it's like inside the missing Titan submersible". NPR. 20 June 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Evans, Gareth; Gozzi, Laura (19 June 2023). "Titanic tourist submersible goes missing with search under way". BBC News. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ^ Regan, Helen; Yeung, Jessie; Renton, Adam; Said-Moorhouse, Lauren; Upright, Ed; Hayes, Mike; Hammond, Elise; Powell, Tori B.; Vera, Amir (20 June 2023). "June 20, 2023 Missing Titanic sub search news". CNN. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ a b c "The Titan submersible: What it is, what might have gone wrong and what's being done to find it". AP News. 20 June 2023. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ a b Bogel-Burroughs, Nicholas; Gross, Jenny; Betts, Anna (20 June 2023). "OceanGate Was Warned of Potential for 'Catastrophic' Problems With Titanic Mission". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ a b c "Unified Command established for missing submersible from Polar Prince". United States Coast Guard. 20 June 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ a b c Cooke, Ryan (20 June 2023). "U.S. air force aircraft land in St. John's with gear to aid in search for missing submersible". CBC News. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d Perrottet, Tony (June 2019). "A Deep Dive Into the Plans to Take Tourists to the 'Titanic'". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ a b "Submersible used to take tourists to see Titanic wreck goes missing in Atlantic Ocean". Sky News. 19 June 2023. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ^ Ax, Joseph; O'Brien, Brendan (21 June 2023). "Crews searching for Titanic submersible detect sounds – US Coast Guard". Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Titan Submersible". OceanGate. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ^ "Tourist Submarine Titan Goes Missing on Its Way to the Titanic Wreck". autoevolution.com. 20 June 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ Sloan, Jeff (10 May 2017). "Composite submersibles: Under pressure in deep, deep waters". Composites World. Archived from the original on 4 August 2021.
- ^ a b Harris, Mark (20 June 2023). "A whistleblower raised safety concerns about OceanGate's submersible in 2018. Then he was fired". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ Tassi, Paul (20 June 2023). "The Missing Titanic Submarine Was Using A $30 Video Game Controller". Forbes. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ Gault, Matthew (20 June 2023). "Why Did the Missing Titanic Sub Use a $40 Video Game Controller?". VICE. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
Gamepads are so good at controlling things, that the U.S. military frequently uses them.
- ^ Gach, Ethan (20 June 2023). "Why The Missing Titanic Tourist Sub Has Everyone Talking About A Cheap Old Gaming Controller". Kotaku. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
The Titan was shown to be operated with a Logitech G Wireless Gamepad F710 at times in the past
- ^ "Titan 5-Person Submersible | 4,000 meters" (PDF). OceanGate. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ Pogue, David (27 November 2022). "Titanic: Visiting the most famous shipwreck in the world". CBS News. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ "A former passenger details what it's like inside the missing Titan submersible". npr.org. NPR. 20 June 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "U.S. Coast Guard to bring more ships, vessels to search for lost Titanic tourist submersible". CNBC. 21 June 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ Treisman, Rachel (20 June 2023). "'Tiny sub, big ocean': Why the Titanic submersible search is so challenging". NPR. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ a b c "What we know about the passengers on board missing Titanic submersible". Sky News. 19 June 2023. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ Whittle, Patrick; Ramer, Holly (20 June 2023). "In race against clock, expanding fleet of ships searches for submersible lost near Titanic wreck". AP NEWS. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ Regan, Helen; Yeung, Jessie; Renton, Adam; Said-Moorhouse, Lauren; Upright, Ed (20 June 2023). "The Titanic wreckage lies around 12,500 feet below sea level. Here's a look at the path to see it". CNN. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ a b c d Enokido-Lineham, Olive (19 June 2023). "UK billionaire Hamish Harding on board missing Titanic submersible, family confirms". Sky News. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ^ a b Pogue, David (27 November 2022). "Titanic: Visiting the most famous shipwreck in the world". CBS Sunday Morning. CBS News. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ a b c d Murphy, Jessica (19 June 2023). "What we know about the search for the Oceangate submersible". BBC News. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ Baker, Sinéad. "Former passenger on Titan submersible says you have to sign a waiver that mentions death 3 times on the first page: 'So it's never far from your mind'". Insider. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ Porter, Tom (21 June 2023). "The missing Titanic sub fell outside safety rules by operating in international waters beyond the law, experts say". Insider.
- ^ "H.R.1159 – Passenger Vessel Safety Act of 1993". United States Congress. Archived from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ David Pogue. "Back to Titanic Part 1". Unsung Science (Podcast). CBS News. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Missing Titanic sub: Live updates on search as banging sounds heard". CNN. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "Bahamas Deep Dive Test". OceanGate Blog. 16 May 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "Letter to OceanGate" (PDF). Marine Technology Society. 27 March 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ "Complaint – #1, Att. #1 in OceanGate Inc v. Lochridge (W.D. Wash., 2:18-cv-01083) – CourtListener.com". CourtListener. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ a b c Strauss, Daniel; Varkiani, Adrienne Mahsa; Aronoff, Kate; Otten, Tori; Shephard, Alex; Otten, Tori; Otten, Tori; Otten, Tori; Shephard, Alex (1 November 2022). "Missing Titanic Sub Once Faced Massive Lawsuit Over Depths It Could Safely Travel To". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ "Answer to Complaint – #7 in OceanGate Inc v. Lochridge (W.D. Wash., 2:18-cv-01083) – CourtListener.com". CourtListener. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "Order Dismissing Case – #14 in OceanGate Inc v. Lochridge (W.D. Wash., 2:18-cv-01083) – CourtListener.com". CourtListener. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ a b "Titanic tourist submersible live updates: Rescuers race against time". NBC News. 21 June 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ A visit to RMS Titanic (Videotape). CBS Sunday Morning. 12 December 2022 – via YouTube.
- ^ Kanter, Jake (20 June 2023). "CBS Story On OceanGate's Missing Titanic Sub Goes Viral After Reporter David Pogue Got Jitters Over Its "Jerry-Rigged" Design". Deadline. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ Edwards, Benj (20 June 2023). "Submarine missing near Titanic used a US$30 Logitech gamepad for steering". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ "BBC World News - The Travel Show, Take Me to Titanic - Part Two". BBC. 00:07:40. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "The Return - Take Me To Titanic (Season 1, Episode 2) | Apple TV". Apple TV. 8 October 2022. 00:07:40. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "The company that sent a tourist submersible to the Titanic wreck has faced safety questions before". www.wbur.org. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "Deep-sea craft carrying 5 people to Titanic wreckage reported missing, search underway". AP NEWS. 19 June 2023. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ a b c "Titanic sub timeline: when did it go missing and key events in search". Reuters. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "Titan submersible: timeline of missing vessel's voyage". The Guardian. 21 June 2023. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "A timeline of the missing Titanic tourist submersible". ABC News. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Gross, Jenny; Bubola, Emma; Jiménez, Jesus (19 June 2023). "Missing Submersible: Vessel Disappears During Dive to the Titanic Wreck Site". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ Finley, Ben; Ramer, Holly (20 June 2023). "No sign of missing submersible yet after sweeping search, Coast Guard says". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved 21 June 2023 – via AP News.
- ^ "Rescue teams race to find five people missing on Titanic sub". BBC News. 20 June 2023. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ a b c Helmore, Edward; Cecco, Leyland (20 June 2023). "Titanic tourist submarine: desperate search for craft missing with five onboard". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ Hopper, Tristin (19 June 2023). "The (incredibly expensive) Titanic tourism industry that just lost a submarine". National Post. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ "Who is on the missing Titanic sub?". Reuters. 20 June 2023. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ a b Petri, Alexandra E.; Lin, Summer (19 June 2023). "Titanic tourist submersible carrying 5 disappears on trip to see wreck in North Atlantic". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ a b Liebermann, Oren; Britzky, Haley (20 June 2023). "US military moving military and commercial assets to help submersible search efforts". CNN. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ @USCGNortheast (19 June 2023). "A @USCG C-130 crew is searching for an overdue Canadian research submarine approximately 900 miles off #CapeCod" (Tweet). Boston. Retrieved 19 June 2023 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Coast Guard to hold press briefing for missing submersible 900 miles east of Cape Cod". United States Coast Guard News. 19 June 2023. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ^ Halifax JRCC CCCOS [@hfxjrcc] (19 June 2023). "JRCC Halifax has tasked one Royal Canadian Air Force Aurora aircraft out of 14 Wing Greenwood in Nova Scotia for aerial search, and Canadian Coast Guard Vessel Kopit Hopson 1752 will also be assisting MRCC Boston with a surface search for the submersible" (Tweet). Retrieved 19 June 2023 – via Twitter.
- ^ Andrew-Gee, Eric; Cook, Dustin (19 June 2023). "Missing Titanic submersible prompts search operation off the coast of Newfoundland". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ "Visibility for aerial search has improved today, Coast Guard official says". CNN. 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ United States Coast Guard [@USCGNortheast] (20 June 2023). "#Update A Canadian Aircraft P3 Aurora has arrived on scene to conduct sonar searches. The R/V Polar Prince and R/V Deep Energy are continuing their surface searches. Total search area completed as of this morning is 10,000 SQ miles. #Titanic" (Tweet). Retrieved 20 June 2023 – via Twitter.
- ^ "OFFSHORE". atlantictowing.com. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ Henley, Jon (21 June 2023). "Titanic sub live updates: vessel may have less than 20 hours of oxygen left, says US Coast Guard, as search continues". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ a b Salahieh, Nouran; Levenson, Eric; Alvarez, Priscilla; Sanchez, Ray (20 June 2023). "Banging sounds heard during Titan search, according to internal US government memo". CNN. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ Chao-Fong, Léonie; Henley, Jon (21 June 2023). "Titanic sub live updates: source of 'banging noises' still unknown, says US Coast Guard, as search continues". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "Banging sounds heard during Titan search, according to internal US government memo". CNN. 21 June 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "Coast Guard says operation to find missing submersible is "100%" still a search and rescue mission". CNN. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ a b "Here's the team that is assisting in the search efforts for the missing sub". CNN. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ Britzky, Haley; Liebermann, Oren (20 June 2023). "US Navy sending experts and deep ocean salvage system to aid in submersible search". CNN. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ a b "Navy salvage system is in St. John's and preparing for mobilization, Navy official says". CNN. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ James, Emma; Jun 2023, Harriet Alexander For Dailymail com 21:20 20; Jun 2023, updated 17:36 21 (20 June 2023). "US Navy sends salvage system to join French crew on Titanic sub hunt". Mail Online. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Torres, Libby (20 June 2023). "A Titanic expert who worked with James Cameron weighed in on the fate of the missing submersible". Insider. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ Leishman, Fiona (19 June 2023). "Titanic expert who dived with James Cameron issues chilling warning about lost submersible". Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ Libbey, Dirk (20 June 2023). "Explorer Who Worked With James Cameron On Titanic Has Commented On The Missing Submarine, Says They Wouldn't Be Out There If Not For 'Public Demand'". Cinema Blend. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ ""We have to hold out hope," Horizon Maritime Services representative says". CNN. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)