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The following table lists records of extreme temperature in territories of Africa.


Territory Lowest Temperature Highest Temperature
T°C Place Date T°C Place Date
Africa -23.9 Īfrān (Ifrane)  Marokko 11 February 1935 51.0 Aswān  Ägypten 4 July 1918
 Algerien -20.0 Bātnah Bātnah province [1] 4 January 1945 50.6 ‘Ayn Ṣālih (In Salah) Tamanrasset province [2] 12 July 2002
 Angola -3.9 Mavinga Cuanda Cubango province [3][4] 15 June 1968 39.5 Catete (Estação Experimental de Onga Zanga) Bengo province [5][6] 27 November 1950
 Benin 8.5 Kandi [7] 12 January 1957 43.9 Kandi [7][8] 19 April 1983
 Botswana -10.6 Tsabong [9][10] 30 July 1953 42.4 Khomo (Gomo) [11][12] January 1932
Norwegen Bouvet Island (Bouvetøya) (Nor.) -18.7 Nyrøsa [13][14] 8 September 2005 10.6 Nyrøsa [13][14] 13 March 2005
 Britisches Territorium im Indischen Ozean (UK) 18.3 Diego Garcia [15] 37.2 Diego Garcia [16] 9 February 1998
 Burkina Faso 5.0 Markoye [17][18] January 1975 47.2 Dori [17][19] 1984
 Burundi 4.6 Gisozi (Kisozi) [20][21] 8 August 1962 36.1 Bujumbura [22]
 Kamerun 3.0 Adamawa (Adamaoua) plateau [23][24] January 1892 47.7 Kousséri Extrême-Nord province [25] 18 April 1908
 Canary Islands (Sp.) 1.1 Vilaflor Tenerife [26][27] 47.5 Barranco de Masca, Buenavista del Norte municipality Tenerife [28][29] 17 July 1978
 Kap Verde 5.0 Monte Velha Fogo [30] March 1943 36.9 Praia São Tiago (Santiago) [3][31] 7 November 2006
 Zentralafrikanische Republik 3.1 Birao [32] 19 January 1956 45 Birao [33] 22 March 1985
 Tschad -4.5 Bardaï Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti region [34][35] 47.4 Faya-Largeau (Faya) Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti region [7][36] 3 June and 9 June 1961
 Komoren 13.6 Moroni Ngazidja (Grande Comore) [37] 35.6 Moroni Ngazidja (Grande Comore) [37]
 Republic of the Congo 8.9 Sibiti [7] 28 July 1954 39.0 Impfondo [38][39] 14 May 2005
 Democratic Republic of the Congo -1.5 Sakania Katanga province [40][41] 11 June 1949 38.7 Eala (near Mbandaka) Équateur province [42][43] March 1911
 Ivory Coast 6.0 Man [7] 10 January and 11 January 1957 41.5 Odienné [7] 5 February 1998
 Dschibuti 12.5 Ali-Sabieh [44] 26 December 1964 47.3 Djibouti-Serpent [45][46] July 1915
 Ägypten -8.8 Qal‘at an-Nakhl (Nakhl) Shamal Sinā’ (Northern Sinai) governorate [13][47] 16 January 2008 51.0 Aswān Aswān governorate [48][49] 4 July 1918
 Äquatorial-Guinea 8 Valle de Moka Bioko [50] 35.3 Malabo Bioko [51][52] 18 February 1957
 Eritrea -1.1 Asmara [22] 48.0 Massawa [53][54]
 Äthiopien -7 Central Ethiopian Highlands [55][56] January 2004 48.9 Dallol Afar region [57] May 1962 and July 1966
 French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Fr.) [58] -9.4 Base de Port-aux-Français Kerguelen [59] 27 June 1953 35.5 Île Europa (Europa Island) [60]
Amsterdam Island and Saint Paul Island (Îles Saint Paul et Amsterdam) -1.8 Martin de Viviès Amsterdam Island (Île Amsterdam) [61] July 1964 26.4 Martin de Viviès Amsterdam Island (Île Amsterdam) [3] 30 January 2005
Crozet Islands (Archipel Crozet) -6.6 Base Alfred-Faure Possession Island (Île de la Possession [3] 7 September 2006 23.6 Base Alfred-Faure Possession Island (Île de la Possession [3] 9 January 1997
Europa Island (Île Europa) 9.4 Europa Island [62] June 1950 35.5 Europa Island [60]
Glorioso Islands (Îles Glorieuses) 15.0 Grande Glorieuse [63] 35.1 Grande Glorieuse [3] 10 April 1985 and 16 March 1987
Juan de Nova Island (Île Juan de Nova) 16.0 Juan de Nova Island [64] 35.0 Juan de Nova Island [64]
Kerguelen Islands (Archipel des Kerguelen) -9.4 Base de Port-aux-Français La Grande Terre [59] 27 June 1953 23.0 Base de Port-aux-Français La Grande Terre [62] 30 January 1959
Tromelin Island (Île Tromelin) 17.4 Tromelin Island [65] 7 September 2006 34.6 Tromelin Island [65]
 Gabun 10.0 Mékambo [7] 30 July1964 37.5 Tchibanga [13] 6 May 2008
 Gambia 7.2 Banjul [66] 45.5 Basse Santa Su [13] 4 May 2008
 Ghana 8.9 Dormaa-Ahenkro [67] 9 January 1957 43.9 Navrongo [68][69]
 Guinea 2.5 Bareing Mamou region [70] 2 January 1982 42.5 Siguiri Kankan region [3][71] 20 April 1995
 Guinea-Bissau 7.0 Farim [72] 31 January 1961 43.6 Bafatá [73] 18 March 1969
Australien Heard and McDonald Islands (Aus.) -10.6 Heard Island [74] 21.6 Spit Bay Heard Island [75] April 1992
 Kenia -2.2 Chagaik Estate Kericho district [76][77] 42.6 Wajir [78] 24 February 2007
 Lesotho -20.4 Letseng-la-Draai (Letseng-la-Terae) [79][80] 12 June 1967 38.5 Maseru [81][82]
 Liberia 12.8 Roberts International Airport (Robertsfield) [83][84] 40.6 Sikombe [85][86][87] February 1905
 Libyen -9.0 Hūn al-Jufrah municipality [40] 10 January 1938 48.9 Jālū (Jalo oasis) al-Wahat municipality [3] >[88] 30 May 1961
 Madagaskar -8.5 Nanokely Antananarivo province [89][90][91] 23 July 1963 and August 1964 44.4 Behara Toliara province [40][92] 20 November 1940
 Madeira (Port.) -9.5 Bica da Cana [93][94] 5 March 1993 39.0 Monte (Funchal) [93] 18 August 1976
 Malawi -6.7 Chelinda [95] 45.0 Chikwawa [96]
Ngabu [97] 24 November 1994
 Mali 0.5 Kidal Kidal region [98] 1 February 1928 48.2 Gao Gao region [3][99] 30 May 1988
 Mauritius 6.5 Belle Rive Quartier Militaire town [100][101] 20 July 1986 37.5 Port Louis [100][101] 7 February 1975
Agalega Islands 16.9 North Island [7] 25 August 1996 35.1 North Island [7] 17 January 1994
 Rodrigues 14.5 Port Mathurin [7] 20 July 1968 33.5 Port Mathurin [7] 22 February 2002
Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon Rocks) 16.4 Île Raphael [7] 24 July 1980 35.3 Île Raphael [7] 16 January 2007
 Mauretanien 1.0 Bir Moghrein Tiris Zemmour region [7][102] 27 December and 31 December 1946 50.0 Akjoujt Inchiri region [103] 27 July 1939
 Mayotte Mayotte (Fr.) 15.6 Dzaoudzi Pamandzi International Airport Pamandzi Island [104] 35.0 Dzaoudzi Pamandzi International Airport Pamandzi Island [105] 25 January 1952
 Marokko -23.9 Īfrān (Ifrane) Meknès-Tafilalt region [106] 11 February 1935 48.9 al-Massira Airport, Aghādīr (Agadir) Souss-Massa-Dra region [107][108] 10 July 1994
 Mosambik -2.8 Mauè Tete province [109] 17 July 1947 47.1 Umbelúzi Maputo province [109][110] 24 September 1931
 Namibia -10.5 Stampriet Hardap region [111] 47.8 Noordoewer Karas region [111]
 Niger -2.4 Bilma Agadez department [7][112] 13 January 1995 47.1 Bilma Agadez department [7][113] 24 May 1998
 Nigeria 2.8 Potiskum Yobe state [114][115] 8 January 1957 47.2 Sokoto Sokoto state [22][116]
Hadejia Jigawa state [117][118]
Südafrika Prince Edward Islands (Sth. Afr.) -6.8 Transvaal Cove Marion Island [119] 23.8 Transvaal Cove Marion Island [3] 9 January 1984
 Réunion Réunion (Fr.) -5.0 Gîte de Bellecombe [120] 10 September 1975 36.9 Le Port [120] 25 February 2003
 Ruanda 7.0 Ruasa (Lake Ruhondo) [121] August 1909 35.4 Kigali [122][123] 22 February 2005
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (UK) -2.7 Transvaal Bay Gough Island [7] 29 August 1967 34.0 Georgetown Ascension Island [124][125] April 2003
Vereinigtes Königreich Ascension Island 14.5 The Residency [126] August 2001 34.0 Georgetown [124][125] April 2003
Gough Island -2.7 Transvaal Bay [7] 29 August 1967 26.5 Transvaal Bay [7] 28 January 1986
Sankt Helena 10.0 Hutts Gate [127] 33.9 Jamestown [128]
 Tristan da Cunha 2.4 Edinburgh of the Seven Seas (The Settlement) [129] 22 July 1961 27.6 Edinburgh of the Seven Seas (The Settlement) [130]
 São Tomé and Príncipe 8.7 Roça, Monte Café São Tomé [131][132] 36 São Tomé São Tomé various dates
 Senegal 4.2 Diourbel [45] January 1947 48.8 Matam [133] 26 May 1993
 Seychellen 17.5 Aldabra [134] 36.3 Aldabra [134]
Inner Islands 19.3 Victoria Mahé [134] 2 July 1934 34.1 Seychelles International Airport Mahé [7][135] 19 April 2003
 Sierra Leone 10.0 Makeni [22][136] 39.4 Makeni [22][137]
 Somalia 2.8 Hargeysa [138][139] 47.7 Berbera [140][141] 5 July 2006
 Südafrika -18.6 Buffelsfontein Eastern Cape province [142] 28 June 1996 48.7 Vioolsdrif Northern Cape province [143][144] 4 January 1995
 Sudan -1 Zalingei Gharb Dārfūr (West Darfur) state [145][146] December 1961 and January 1962 49.1 Dunqulah (Dongola) ash-Shamālīyah (Northern) state [145][147] June 1978
 Eswatini -6.1 Mbabane [148] 22 July 1957 46.1 Sidvokodvo (Dearn) [149][150] 24 September 1931
 Tansania -2.1 Shume (Neu-Hornow) Tanga region [151][152] September 1907 39.4 Zanzibar (Kisauni) International Airport Zanzibar Urban/West region [153][154] 27 February 2007
 Togo 9.8 Palimé (Kpalimé) [155][156][157] 28 January 1911 43.4 Sansanné-Mango [3][158] 24 March 2007
 Tunesien -9.0 Burj al-Haṭṭabah (Fort-Saint) Taṭāwīn (Tataouine) governorate [40] 22 December 1940 50.1 al-Burmah (El Borma) Taṭāwīn (Tataouine) governorate [159][160] 26 July 2005
 Uganda 2.8 Kabale [161] [162] 15 August 1936 39.4 Kitgum [163][164] 15 March 1953
 Westsahara (Mor.) 2.8 al-‘Ayūn (Laâyoune) [3] 20 December 1967 50.7 as-Samārah(Smara)

[51]|| rowspan="2" |13 July 1961

as-Samārah(Smara)
 Sambia -8.0 Nalisa Western province [23] 10 July 1898 42.3 Mfuwe Eastern province [165] 17 November 2005
 Simbabwe -9.5 Matobo (Matopos) Matabeleland South province [166][167] July 1968 45.6 Kariba Mashonaland West province [166][168] 13 November 1955

Notes and References

  1. ^ Bulletin Mensuel 1945, Algérie du Nord, Institut de Météorologie et de Physique du Globe de l’Algérie, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 24 January 2007.
  2. ^ Temperatures between 51°C and 57°C have been reported from various places in Algeria including Tindūf, Timimūn, Warqlā (Ouargla) and Tūjurt (Touggourt) but none are believed to be reliable.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Global Summary of the Day (GSOD), National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 28 March 2008.
  4. ^ Temperatures as low as -8°C reported from various place in Angola are unreliable.
  5. ^ Elementos Meteorológicos e Climatológicos, 1950, Serviço Meteorológico, Angola, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 7 September 2008.
  6. ^ Temperatures of 40°C and above reported from various place in Angola are unreliable.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Climate Explorer, The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  8. ^ 46.0°C reported from Kandi in April 1940 is unreliable. Temperatures of up to 44.5°C also reported from Kandi in April 1952 are possibly reliable.
  9. ^ Report for the Year 1953, Weather Bureau, Department of Transport, Republic of South Africa, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 8 March 2008.
  10. ^ -15.0°C reported from the same place is probably unreliable.
  11. ^ Report for the Years 1931-1932, Meteorological Office, Republic of South Africa, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 14 March 2008.
  12. ^ 43.9°C reported from Ghanzi on 25 February 1922 and from Gaborone on 30 December 1948 are unreliable. 42.6°C reported from Tsabong is probably unreliable.
  13. ^ a b c d e Form to get daily summaries from synop reports, OGIMet. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
  14. ^ a b Data is taken from an extremely short available record.
  15. ^ Klimadatenbank, wetter.com. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
  16. ^ Historical Weather: Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory, El Tiempo. Retrieved 22 April 2007.
  17. ^ a b Programme d’Action National d’Adaptation à la Variabilité et aux Changements Climatiques (PANA du Burkina Faso), Ministère de l’Environnement et du Cadre de Vie, Burkina Faso. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
  18. ^ 2.9°C reported from Banankeledara (Banankélédaga) near Bobo Dioulasso, and 5.0°C reported from the same place in 1971 are probably unreliable.
  19. ^ 47.9°C reported from both Fada Ngourma and Ouagadougou is probably unreliable.
  20. ^ Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Burundi (ISABU), Rapport Annuel 1962, Environnement et Forêt en Afrique Centrale. Retrieved 11 January 2008.
  21. ^ Temperatures are believed to fall below 0°C at higher altitudes.
  22. ^ a b c d e Le climat dans le monde, MeteoFrance. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
  23. ^ a b Knox, Alexander (1911). The Climate of the Continent of Africa. The University Press.
  24. ^ -2.7°C has been recorded at high altitude on the summit of Fako Peak, Mount Cameroon.
  25. ^ Mitteilungen aus den Deutschen Schutzgebieten, Wissenschaftliche Beihefte zum Deutschen Kolonialblatte, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 2 January 2008.
  26. ^ Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System, Phytosociological Research Center. Retrieved 22 April 2007.
  27. ^ -21.0°C was recorded at high altitude at Cañada de la Grieta on Pico del Teide, Tenerife in 1912.
  28. ^ Resumen Meteorológico, Julio de 2008, Agencia Estatal de Meteorolgía (AEMet). Retrieved 15 March 2009.
  29. ^ 49°C reported from Sabinar-Lomo Negro El Hierro on 6 September 1986 is unreliable.
  30. ^ Anais Meteorológicos das Colónias, Relativos a 1943, Ministérios das Colónias, Serviço Meteorológico Nacional, Portugal, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 4 February 2007.
  31. ^ Temperatures up to 38°C reported from Praia are possibly reliable.
  32. ^ Annales des Services Météorologiques de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1956, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 5 February 2006.
  33. ^ Historical Weather: Birao, Central African Republic, El Tiempo. Retrieved 4 February 2007
  34. ^ Google Books Search, Google Books. (Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck, 1976).
  35. ^ -7°C has been reported from an altitude of 2450m on the Trou au Natron dormant volcano in the Tibesti Mountains.
  36. ^ Higher temperatures reported from Faya (Faya-Largeau and Ndjamena are unreliable.
  37. ^ a b Klimadatenbank, wetter.com. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
  38. ^ Bulletin Agrométéorologique - 2ème Décade, Mois:Mai 2005, Direction de la Météorologie Nationale du Congo – Brazzaville. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
  39. ^ This reading is possibly unreliable. 41.0°C reported from Ouésso in March 1950 and April 1950 is unreliable.
  40. ^ a b c d McWhirter, Norris and Ross McWhirter (1969). Dunlop Illustrated Encyclopedia of Facts. Doubleday. ISBN 0385011199.
  41. ^ The reference gives the date as 11 January 1949 but the date shown is probably correct.
  42. ^ Climatology, from J. Roland and E. Duchesne, Cours Complet de Géographie, Le Congo Belge, Namur 1914, pp.14-15, Zentrale für Unterrichtsmedien. Retrieved 28 March 2008.
  43. ^ 41.0°C reported from Yahila Orientale province is probably unreliable.
  44. ^ Résumé Mensuel de Temps 1964, Côte Française des Somalis, Service Météorologique, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 17 February 2007.
  45. ^ a b Annales des Services Météorologiques de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1951, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 5 February 2006.
  46. ^ 49.5°C reported from Djibouti-Serpent in July 1934 and from Tadjourah in July 1951 are probably unreliable.
  47. ^ -15°C was recorded at 2600m on Jabal Zubayr, a spur of Jabal Katrīnah (Mount Catherine) Janub Sinā’ (Southern Sinai) governorate on approximately 13 January and 16 February 1934.
  48. ^ Meteorological Report for the Year 1918, Ministry of Public Works, Egypt, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 9 May 2008.
  49. ^ This reading is possibly unreliable. 50.6°C was reported from Aswān on 8 June 1932, and 50.3°C from al-Khārījah (Kharga Oasis) al-Wādi al-Jadid (New Valley) governorate on 9 June 1961.
  50. ^ Isla de Bioko, La Web Cultural de Guinea Ecuatorial. Retrieved 24 February 2007.
  51. ^ a b Instituto Nacional de Meteorología (España)
  52. ^ 39°C reported from Malabo is unreliable.
  53. ^ Klimadatenbank, wetter.com. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
  54. ^ This reading is possibly unreliable. A more reliable maximum temperature for Massawa would probably be around 46°C. 49.1°C reported from Nokra Nokra Desēt island in the Dehalak’ (Dahlak) archipelago is unreliable.
  55. ^ Agrometeorological Assessment of Bega 2003/2004, World Agrometeorological Information Service. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
  56. ^ -8.0 reported from Jīma (Jimma) and similar temperatures reported from Alemaya (both in the Oromoa region) are probably unreliable. -15°C has been reported from high altitude on the Sanetti Plateau, also in the Oromia region.
  57. ^ Dallol Weather, Bob Strauss, WCU. Retrieved 8 July 2007.
  58. ^ Data excludes territory below 60°S, as defined by the Antarctic Treaty, thus excluding Adélie Land on the Antarctic mainland.
  59. ^ a b Annales des Services Météorologiques de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1953, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 5 February 2006.
  60. ^ a b Klimadatenbank, wetter.com. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
  61. ^ St-Paul & Amsterdam Islands, Part 3, Discover France!. Retrieved 19 October 2008.
  62. ^ a b Annales des Services Météorologiques de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1959, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 4 February 2006.
  63. ^ Klimadatenbank, wetter.com. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
  64. ^ a b Klimadatenbank, wetter.com. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
  65. ^ a b http://www.wetter.com/reisewetter/klimadatenbank?type=temp&continent=AF&country=MG&station=619760, Klimadatenbank. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
  66. ^ Tables of Temperature, Relative Humidity and Precipitation for the World. Great Britain Meteorological Office (1958-1967).
  67. ^ 6.6°C reported from Bui, and 7.2°C reported from Dormaa-Ahenkro (dates unknown) are possibly reliable.
  68. ^ Climatology, Ghana Meteorological Services Department. Retrieved 23 February 2007.
  69. ^ 47°C reported from Kintampo is unreliable.
  70. ^ Quelques Records en Guinée, Météorologie Nationale, République de Guinée. Retrieved 23 February 2007
  71. ^ 46.5°C reported on 8 March 1938, and 43.3°C reported on 1 March 1947, both at Boké Boké region are unreliable.
  72. ^ Resultados das observações meteorológicas, 1961, Serviço Meteorológico da Guiné, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 23 February 2007.
  73. ^ Resultados das observações meteorológicas, Março de 1969, Serviço Meteorológico da Guiné, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 23 February 2007.
  74. ^ Climates of the World, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Retrieved 25 January 2007.
  75. ^ A Description of the Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve, Antarctic Division, Australian Government. Retrieved 1 March 2007.
  76. ^ Google Search Engine, Google. (The Impact of Resource Utilization on the Hydrology of the Mau Hills Forest in Kenya, by George O. Krhoda.) Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  77. ^ -19°C has been reported at high altitude near the summit of Kirinyaga (Mount Kenya), and -11°C at 4200m in the Teleki Valley on the slopes of the mountain.
  78. ^ Historical Weather: Wajir, Kenya, El Tiempo. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
  79. ^ Quaternary Periglacial Landforms in the Sani Pass Area, Southern Africa. South African Association of Geomorphologists, Uppsala Universitet. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  80. ^ This reading has also possibly been reported as -21°C.
  81. ^ UNEP/GEF Climate Change Study in Lesotho, Project Number GF-2200-96-16 Vulnerability Assessment Report, Government of Lesotho. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
  82. ^ The temperature is believed to have been recorded at Maseru. 41.7°C reported from Butha-Buthe in January 1927, and 40.6°C reported from Hlotse (Leribe) in December 1944 are believed to be unreliable.
  83. ^ Temperatures as low as 10°C are believed to be reached in the Wologizi Mountains.
  84. ^ 2.2°C reported from Sagleipie is probably unreliable.
  85. ^ Climatology of Liberia, Monthly Weather Review Vol.34, No.11, p.521., NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 24 April 2007.
  86. ^ The location of Sikombe is not known.
  87. ^ 42.8°C reported from Sagleipie is probably unreliable.
  88. ^ Higher temperatures, specifically 58.0°C reported from al-‘Azīzīyah on 13 September 1922 are unreliable. For a discussion of the issues with the al-‘Azīzīyah reading, see Change in the Weather by Philip Eden, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006, pp194-196. No reliable temperature exceeding 51°C has been reported from anywhere in Africa in the last 50 years.
  89. ^ Résumé Mensuel du Temps à Madagascar, 1963, Météorologie Nationale, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 24 February 2007.
  90. ^ Résumé Mensuel du Temps à Madagascar, 1964, Météorologie Nationale, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 24 February 2007.
  91. ^ -16°C was recorded at high altitude on the Andringitra Massif Fianarantsoa province in 1995. -10.0°C was recorded at high altitude on the Ankaratra Massif Antananarivo province on 29 June 1915. -8.6°C reported from Antsirabe Antananarivo province in August 1915 is probably unreliable.
  92. ^ 48.3°C reported from Ankazoabo Sud Toliara province is unreliable. 46.5°C reported from Tranoroa Toliara province in November 1936 is possibly reliable.
  93. ^ a b Extremos Arquipélago da Madeira, Instituto de Meteorologia, Portugal. Retrieved 9 August 2008.
  94. ^ This reading is possibly unreliable and the location may be uninhabited. 4.5°C was recorded at Funchal on 25 February 1904, while -3.9°C has been reported at high altitude on Pico de Arieiro.
  95. ^ Google Books Search Engine, Google Books. (Orchids of Malawi, by I. La Croix "et al".) Retrieved 24 April 2008.
  96. ^ Pike, J.G. and Rimmington, G.T. (1965). Malawi: A Geographical Study. Oxford University Press, London.
  97. ^ Department of Meteorological Services, Malawi
  98. ^ Mali météo, Météo Mali. Retrieved 5 November 2007.
  99. ^ Reports of temperatures exceeding 50°C are believed to be unreliable, including 54.5°C at Tombouctou (Timbuktu) and 54.4°C at Araouane (Arawan), both in the Tombouctou (Timbuktu) region, and 52.0°C at Ménaka in the Gao region. 48.8°C reported from Nioro du Sahel Kayes region in May 1936 is probably unreliable.
  100. ^ a b Mauritius Meteorological Services.
  101. ^ a b Initial National Communication of the Republic of Mauritius under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (April 1999). Chapter 1, National Circumstances, Government of Mauritius. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
  102. ^ 0.0°C reported from the same place on 16 December 1962 is probably unreliable.
  103. ^ Service de Météorologie (Mauritania)
  104. ^ Klimadatenbank, wetter.com. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
  105. ^ Annales des Services Météorologiques de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1952, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 30 October 2006.
  106. ^ Fact Sheet No. 9 – Weather extremes, Met Office, UK. Retrieved 27 December 2007.
  107. ^ Historical Weather: Agadir Al Massira, Morocco, El Tiempo. Retrieved 27 December 2007.
  108. ^ 51.7°C reported from Aghādīr (Agadir) Souss Massa Dra region on 17 August 1940, and 49.0°C reported from Marrakech Marrakech-Tensift-El Haouz region are possibly reliable.
  109. ^ a b Boletim Mensual das Observações Meteorológicas 1956, Organizado Pelo Serviço Meteorológico, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 29 October 2006.
  110. ^ Temperatures between 48°C and 49°C reported from various places in Mozambique between 1940 and 1955 are believed to be unreliable.
  111. ^ a b van der Merwe, J.H., ed. (1983). National Atlas of South West Africa (Namibia). Directorate of Development Cooperation, Windhoek, and the Institute for Cartographic Analysis, University of Stellenbosch. ISBN 07972 0020 7.
  112. ^ -3.0°C reported from Bilma in January 1937 is unreliable.
  113. ^ 49.5°C reported from Diffa Diffa department on 7 September 1978, and 48.5°C reported from Tillabéri Tillabéri department in May 1939 are unreliable.
  114. ^ Google Search Engine, Google Books. (Proceedings of the Lagos International Seminar on Occupational Health for Developing Countries 1-6 April; 1968 Proceedings of the Science Association of Nigeria.) Retrieved 6 March 2008.
  115. ^ The date is believed to be correct. One source states the temperature was recorded on two consecutive days, so possibly also 9 January 1957.
  116. ^ 48.9°C reported from Dumjeri (near Kukawa) Borno state on 26 April 1906 is probably unreliable.
  117. ^ Google Books Search Engine, Google Books. (Heidelberger Geographische Arbeiten, Geographisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg.) Retrieved 26 April 2008.
  118. ^ Although reported as 47°C, the temperature was probably recorded as 117°F, or 47.2°C.
  119. ^ Climate, South African National Antarctic Program (SANAP). Retrieved 13 November 2008.
  120. ^ a b Records à La Réunion, Météo France. Retrieved 11 June 2008.
  121. ^ Mitteilungen aus den Deutschen Schutzgebieten, Wissenschaftliche Beihefte zum Deutschen Kolonialblatte, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 22 April 2007.
  122. ^ Rwanda Meteorological Services.
  123. ^ Temperatures are believed to approach 38°C in the Nyagatare and Bugesera districts.
  124. ^ a b The Islander - Thursday 17th April 2003, The Islander. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
  125. ^ a b 35.0°C reported from Wideawake Field (RAF Ascension Island) on 17 April 1971, and similar high temperatures reported from the same site in the early 1970’s are unreliable.
  126. ^ The Islander - Thursday 30th August 2001, The Islander. Retrieved 14 November 2008.
  127. ^ US Department of Commerce (1991). Climates of the World.
  128. ^ van Loon, H. (ed.) (1984) World Survey of Climatology, Vol 15, Climates of the Oceans, Elsevier Publishing Company. New York. ISBN 0444 41337 5.
  129. ^ Report on Meteorological Data of the Year 1961, Republic of South Africa Weather Bureau. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
  130. ^ Klimadatenbank, wetter.com. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
  131. ^ Anais Meteorológicos das Colónias Relativos a 1942, Ministérios das Colónias, Serviço Meteorológico Nacional, Portugal, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 25 January 2007.
  132. ^ 5°C has been reported at high altitude on São Tomé.
  133. ^ Historical Weather: Matam, Senegal, El Tiempo. Retrieved 29 April 2007.
  134. ^ a b c Google Book Search, Google Books. (Farrow, G.E. (1971). The Climate of Aldabra Atoll. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B Vol 260, No 836, pp67-91.) Retrieved 15 November 2008.
  135. ^ 34.4°C reported from the same location on 14 November 1974 is unreliable.
  136. ^ 4.4°C reported from Musaia is probably unreliable. Makeni may have recorded 9.0°C.
  137. ^ 43.9°C reported from Kabala and 40.0°C from Musaia are probably unreliable. Makeni may have recorded 39.5°C.
  138. ^ Klimadatenbank, wetter.com. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
  139. ^ -3.3°C reported from Ceerigaabo (Erigavo) is probably unreliable, although temperatures are believed to fall below 0°C in the northern highland areas.
  140. ^ Historical Weather: Berbera, Somalia, El Tiempo. Retrieved 14 March 2007.
  141. ^ 50.2°C reported from Luuq, also known as Lugh Ferrandi or Lugh Ganane on 3 April 1933 is probably unreliable.
  142. ^ The Chiel, The Daily Dispatch. Retrieved 16 July 2007.
  143. ^ South African Weather Service.
  144. ^ 51.7°C reported in 1948 at Upington Northern Cape province, and 51.6°C on 28 January 1903 and 50.8°C in November 1904, both at Main (near Tsomo) Eastern Cape province are unreliable. 50.3°C reported in 1928 at Kirkwood Eastern Cape province, and 50.0°C reported on 3 November 1918 and 49.9°C in January 1925 both at Dunbrody Eastern Cape province are probably unreliable. Vioolsdrif may have recorded 48.8°C in January 1993.
  145. ^ a b Country Pasture Forage Resource Profiles, Sudan, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Retrieved 27 July 2007.
  146. ^ -2.0°C reported from Wādī Ḥalfā ash-Shamālīyah (Northern) state on 26 December 1917 is unreliable.
  147. ^ 49.7°C may have been recorded at Dunqulah (Dongola). 49.5°C reported from Ṭawkar (Tokar) al-Baḥr al-Aḥmar (Red Sea) state on 9 July 1917, and from Abū Ḥamad Nahr an-Nil (River Nile) state on 27 July 1987 are probably unreliable. Temperatures as high as 52.8°C reported from Wādī Ḥalfā’ ash-Shamālīyah (Northern) state are unreliable.
  148. ^ Report for the Year 1957, Weather Bureau, Department of Transport, Republic of South Africa, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
  149. ^ Report for the Years 1931-1932, Union of South Africa Meteorological Office, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 27 March 2007.
  150. ^ The date is believed to be correct.
  151. ^ Mitteilungen aus den Deutschen Schutzgebieten, Wissenschaftliche Beihefte zum Deutschen Kolonialblatte, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 21 April 2007.
  152. ^ -22°C has been reported from high altitude on the summit of Kilimanjaro.
  153. ^ Historical Weather: Zanzibar / Kisauni, Tanzania, El Tiempo. Retrieved 22 July 2007.
  154. ^ 39.8°C may have been recorded in the Dodoma Region on 10 February 1999.
  155. ^ Mitteilungen aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten, Fünfundzwanzigster Band, 1912, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 26 April 2008.
  156. ^ 8°C reported from Sokodé is unreliable.
  157. ^ The date is believed to be correct.
  158. ^ 44.4°C reported from Sansanné-Mango in March 1947 and on 1 April 1992 are unreliable. 44.0°C reported from Dapaong is possibly reliable.
  159. ^ Historical Weather: El Borma, Tunisia, El Tiempo. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  160. ^ Temperatures up to 55°C have been reported from the desert areas of Tunisia but these are believed to be unreliable.
  161. ^ Meteorological Observations, 1936, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
  162. ^ -7.7°C has been reported at high altitude on Ruwenzori.
  163. ^ Summary of Meteorological Observations for 1953. Part III: Uganda, East African Meteorological Department, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  164. ^ 40.1°C reported at Soroti on 5 February and 6 February 1949 is unreliable.
  165. ^ Zambia Institute of Meteorology.
  166. ^ a b Rasmussen, R.K. (1974). Historical Dictionary of Rhodesia/Zimbabwe. African Historical Dictionaries No. 18, Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-1187-1.
  167. ^ Date is probably between 13 and 16 July 1968.
  168. ^ The date is believed to be correct.
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