2009 Iranian presidential election
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Government of Islamic Republic of Iran |
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Presidential elections will be held in Iran on June 12, 2009.[1] It will be the 10th presidential election to be held in the country. The current incumbent is Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who is running for re-election. The Iranian reform movement has attempted to unite behind a single candidate. Former President Mohammad Khatami had been the leading opponent to Ahmadinejad until he left the race and endorsed former Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi.[2] Former Speaker of the Majlis Mehdi Karroubi, another Reformist, is also running, as is former Commander of Iranian Revolutionary Guard, Mohsen Rezaei, a Conservative.
Election Process
The President is elected by direct vote. Candidates need to win majority (half plus one of the votes cast in the election) to become President. If none of the candidates win the majority in the first round, two top candidates from the first round will go to the second round, and whichever wins the majority of votes in the second round is elected President. All Iranian citizens of age 18 are eligible to vote. The Iranian Center for Statistics and Iranian Ministry of Interior have stated that there are around 46 million eligible voters.
Approved candidates
On 20 May, Guardian Council officially announced the list of approved candidates:[3]
Reformists
- Mehdi Karroubi, former Speaker of Majlis
- Mir-Hossein Mousavi, the last Prime Minister of Iran (Campaign article)
Conservatives
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the incumbent President of Iran
- Mohsen Rezaei, former Commander of Iranian Revolutionary Guard
Rejected candidates
On May 20, Guardian Council rejected the following registered nominees.
Conservatives
- Rafat Bayat, female Majlis representative from Zanjan[4]
Independents
- Akbar Alami, former Majlis representative from Tabriz[5][6]
- Ghasem Sholeh-Saadi, former Majlis representative[7]
Withdrawn candidates
- Mohammad Khatami, former President of Iran, has endorsed Mousavi (Campaign article)[8]
Potential candidates
The following people were said to be possible candidates in the election, but did not register within the five days allowed for registration.[9] Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former President and chairman of the Assembly of Experts, will be over 75 years old on the election day and is therefore ineligible to run by election law.
Reformists who declined to run
- Mohammad Reza Aref, former First Vice President
- Masoumeh Ebtekar[10][11]
- Mohammad Ali Najafi, member of Tehran City Council and former Minister of Education[citation needed]
- Abdollah Nouri, former Minister of Interior, former Speaker of Tehran City Council[12]
- Hassan Rowhani, former Secretary of National Security Council[citation needed]
Conservatives who declined to run
- Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Mayor of Tehran[13]
- Gholamali Haddad-Adel, former Speaker of Majlis[citation needed]
- Mohammad Jahromi, Iranian Minister of Labor and Social Affairs[citation needed]
- Ali Larijani, speaker of the Majlis[14]
- Ali Akbar Nategh Nouri, former Speaker of Majlis[citation needed]
- Mostafa Pour Mohammadi, former Minister of Interior[15]
- Ali Akbar Velayati, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1981–97[14]
Temporary Facebook block
On 23 May 2009, the Iranian government temporarily blocked access to Facebook across the country. Gulfnews.com reported that this move was a response to the use of Facebook by candidates running against the incumbent Ahmadinejad.[16] PC World reported that Mousavi's Facebook page had more than 6,600 supporters.[17] Access was restored by 26 May 2009.[18]
TV debates between candidates
There will be one debate between each pair of candidates on national TV channel IRIB 3. Each debate lasts for around one and half hours.
Opinion polls
The Opinion polls in Iran have been considered unreliable. A number of polls conducted between relatively small voting groups, like university students and workers, have been reported as election propaganda. More general polls reported in the media do not state the polling organization nor the basic facts about the methodology. The results show a high variance and depend heavily on who is reporting the poll.[19] In 2002, the polling organization Ayandeh and another polling organization was closed and its directors were arrested.[20] The director of Ayandeh, Abbas Abdi, spent several years in prison.[21]
Mousavi's and Karroubi's campaign posters in Tehran claimed that a high turnout would reduce Ahmadinejad's chance of winning the election.[22] Karroubi's campaign manager, Gholamhossein Karbaschi, claimed that the chance of Ahmadinejad losing the election would be over 65 percent if over 32 million people voted, but less than 35 percent if less than 27 million people voted.[22]
Polling Organisation | Date | Poll details | Candidate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad | Mehdi Karroubi | Mir-Hossein Mousavi | Mohsen Rezaei | |||
reported by Roozonline[23] | before 9 June 2009 | Nationwide; 7900 people | 23% | Unknown | 54%–57% | Unknown |
Rahbord e Danesh, reported by Tabnak[24] | before 9 June 2009 | 1743 people | 25.5% | 6.1% | 37.6% | 30.8% |
reported by Baznevis[25] | before 6 June 2009 | 16945 people | 22.5% | 7.5% | 64% | 4% |
Rahbord e Danesh, reported by Tabnak[26] | before 3 June 2009 | 1743 people | 29.5% | 7.5% | 37.5% | 25.2% |
Rayemelat[27] | before 3 June 2009 | Tehran | 33% | 10% | 50% | 6% |
reported by Rajanews/Press TV[28] | before 1 June 2009 | major cities | 53% | Unknown | 36% | Unknown |
Baznevis, reported by Tabnak[29] | before 31 May 2009 | Nationwide; 77,058 people | 33% | 3% | 36% | 27% |
Aftab News, reported by Tabnak[29] | before 31 May 2009 | Nationwide; 18,391 people | (62%) | (7%) | (28%) | (4%) |
Rahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak[29] | 31 May 2009 | Nationwide | 32% | 6% | 36% | 27% |
reported by Ghalamnews[30] | before 27 May 2009 | 1650 people | 35% | Unknown | 54% | Unknown |
reported by Rayemelat[31] | before 27 May 2009 | Tehran only | 36% | 9% | 48% | 5% |
Young Journalists Club (IRIB affiliated)[32] | before 30 May 2009 | Nationwide; 30,000 people | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th |
reported by Ayandeh News[33] | before 26 May 2009 | 10 major cities | 34% | Unknown | 38% | Unknown |
Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting[33] | before 26 May 2009 | Tehran only | 43% | Unknown | 47% | Unknown |
reported by Rayemelat[34] | 14 May 2009 | Tehran only | 42% | 6% | 44% | 4% |
Etemad-e-Melli[35] | before 13 May 2009 | Nationwide | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th |
Rahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak[29] | 5 May 2009 | Nationwide | 38% | 12% | 32% | 15% |
reported by Rajanews/Press TV[36][37] | 3 May 2009–4 May 2009 | 62 cities | 59% | Unknown | 22% | Unknown |
Government[36] | before 3 May 2009 | Unknown | 54% (45% in Tehran) | Unknown | 22% (29% in Tehran) | Unknown |
Rahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak[29] | 4 April 2009 | Nationwide | 40% | 8% | 24% | 1% |
Worker's Statistical Institute[38] | late March 2009 | Nationwide survey of workers | 36% | 8% | 52% | Unknown |
Rahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak[29] | 5 March 2009 | Nationwide | 44% | 7% | 13% | 0% |
References
- ^ "Iran To Hold Presidential Election In June 2009" (Reuters). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. September 7, 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2008.
{{cite news}}
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ignored (help) - ^ Erdbrink, Thomas (March 18, 2009). "Khatami Pulls Out of Presidential Race". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
- ^ "Middle East | Iran approves main presidential candidates". BBC News. 2009-05-20. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ "رفعت بيات: معاون اول من يک زن خواهد بود". Tabnak.ir. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ "اكبر اعلمي اعلام كانديداتوري كرد". Tabnak.ir. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ "تصاویر مربوط به ثبت نام و نشست مطبوعاتی اکبر اعلمی در وزارت کشور - Akbar Alami's Personal website ::: وب سايت شخصي اكبر اعلمي". Akbaralami.com. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ "Fars News Agency : شعلهسعدي: تداركاتچي ها ملت را به عقب بازمي گردانند". Farsnews.com. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ Najibullah, Farangis (March 17, 2009). "Khatami Pulls Out of Presidential Race, Backs Another Reformist Candidate". Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 2009-05-10.
- ^ "Tik News". Tik News. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ معصومه ابتكار نامزد انتخابات دهم ميشود, Entekhab News (انتخاب), ۲۳ فروردین ۱۳۸۸
- ^ "ابتكار سبز >> حمایت از میرحسین موسوی به جای کاندیداتوری". Greenebtekar.persianblog.ir. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ Rubin, Michael (July 31, 2008). "Iran News Round Up". The Corner on National Review Online. Retrieved 2 December 2008.
- ^ "قالیباف احتمال کاندیداتوری انتخابات و ریاست صدا و سیما را تکذیب کرد". Irna. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ a b "Khamenei's 'aide rules out presidential run'" (Agence France-Presse). Middle East Times. October 26, 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2008.
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ignored (help) - ^ Behnegarsoft.com. "پايگاه خبری تحليلی فرارو - روایت پورمحمدي از ماجراهاي آذر 77 و قتل هاي زنجيره يي". Fararu.com. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ "Iran blocks access to Facebook: report". Gulf News. 2009-05-24. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
- ^ "Facebook Blocked in Iran Ahead of Elections". PC World. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
- ^ "Iran restores access to Facebook, days after blocking the site". Associated Press. Retrieved 2009-04-27.
- ^ "جستارها و گفتارهای حسین قاضیان | انتخابات 88؛ نظرسنجیها و راهبردها". Daal.ir. 2008-08-31. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ "World | Middle East | Leading Iranian reformist 'arrested'". BBC News. 2002-11-04. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ "Eleven jailed journalists start new year in harsh prison conditions". IFEX. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ a b Akbar Dareini, Ali (2009-05-22). "Iran reformists hope for high election turnout". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2009-05-30. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
- ^ "Roozonline Poll Khordad 19".
- ^ "Rahbord e Danesh Poll Khordad 19".
- ^ "Banevis Poll Khordad 16".
- ^ "Rahbord e Danesh Poll Khordad 13".
- ^ "Rayemelat Poll June 06".
- ^ "Ahamdinejad (sic) leading polls in major cities". Press TV. Archived from the original on 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
- ^ a b c d e f "وضعیت نامزدهای انتخاباتی در نتایج یک نظرسنجی". tabnak.ir. 2009-05-31. Archived from the original on 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01., from bar graph
- ^ "Mousavi's votes are increasing and Ahmadinejad's votes decrease". Ghalamnews.
- ^ "رای ملت". Rayemelat.com. 2009-05-27. Archived from the original on 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
- ^ "Karroubi overtakes Moussavi in election poll". Press TV. 2009-05-30. Archived from the original on 2009-05-30. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
- ^ a b "Moussavi takes lead in 10 major cities: poll". Press TV. 2009-05-26. Archived from the original on 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
- ^ "رای ملت". Rayemelat.com. 2009-05-24. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ "Karroubi passes rival Moussavi in poll". Press TV. 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
- ^ a b "Ahmadinejad leads election poll by big margin". Press TV. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ . Xinhua News Agency http://www.webcitation.org/5hDQB8V7E. Archived from the original on 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
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(help) - ^ "Iran: Worker poll puts reformist presidential candidate ahead - Adnkronos Politics". Adnkronos.com. 2003-04-07. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
External links
- Mendhi Karroubi campaign site
- Mohsen Rezaee campaign site
- We are half of the Iranian population (ما نیمی از جمعیت ایران هستیم), a documentary by Rakhshan Bani Etemad in which amongst others women ask the Presidential candidates questions, in Persian, 7 June 2009: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5.
Note: The text in the opening part of this documentary grants permission for the non-profit public viewing of it.