Harrison Schmitt

Harrison Hagan "Jack" Schmitt
Status	Retired
Nationality	American
Occupation	Geologist
Space career
NASA Astronaut
Time in space	12d 13h 52 m
Selection	Scientist group
Missions	Apollo 17
Mission insignia

Harrison Schmitt
United States Senator from New Mexico
In office January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1983
Preceded by	Joseph Montoya
Succeeded by	Jeff Bingaman
Personal details
Political party	Republican

Template:FixBunching Harrison Hagan "Jack" Schmitt (born July 3, 1935) is an American geologist, a former NASA astronaut, University Professor and a U.S. Senator for one term.

He is the last of the Apollo astronauts to arrive and set foot on the Moon (crewmate Eugene Cernan exited the Apollo Lunar Module first). However, as Schmitt re-entered the module first, Cernan became the last astronaut to walk on and depart the moon. He is also the first—and so far only—person to have walked on the Moon who was never a member of the United States Armed Forces (he is not the first civilian; Neil Armstrong left military service prior to his landing in 1969).

Early life and education

Born in Santa Rita, New Mexico, Schmitt grew up in nearby Silver City. He received a B.S. degree in science from the California Institute of Technology in 1957 and then spent a year studying geology at the University of Oslo in Norway. He received a Ph.D. in geology from Harvard University in 1964, based on his geological field studies in Norway.

NASA career

Before joining NASA as a member of the first group of scientist-astronauts in June 1965, he worked at the U.S. Geological Survey's Astrogeology Center at Flagstaff, Arizona, developing geological field techniques that would be used by the Apollo crews. Following his selection, Schmitt played a key role in training Apollo crews to be geologic observers when they were in lunar orbit and competent geologic field workers when they were on the lunar surface. After each of the landing missions, he participated in the examination and evaluation of the returned lunar samples and helped the crews with the scientific aspects of their mission reports.

Schmitt posed with the American flag and Earth in the background during Apollo 17's first EVA. Eugene Cernan is visible reflected in Schmitt's helmet visor.

Schmitt was the only geologist in the astronaut corps and had spent considerable time becoming proficient in the CSM and LM systems. In March 1970 he became the first of the scientist-astronauts to receive a crew assignment.

File:As17-145-22157.jpg

Harrison Schmitt collects lunar specimens during the Apollo 17 mission

He joined Richard F. Gordon, Jr. (Commander) and Vance Brand (Command Module Pilot) on the backup crew for Apollo 15 and was clearly in line to fly as Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 18. After the cancellation of the Apollo 18 moon mission in September 1970, many people expected that he would be assigned to fly on Apollo 17, the last lunar mission. That assignment was announced in August 1971.

During the Apollo 17 flight in December 1972, Schmitt collected the rock sample known as Troctolite 76535, which has been called "without doubt the most interesting sample returned from the Moon" . Among other distinctions, it is the central piece of evidence suggesting that the Moon once possessed an active magnetic field. Also during this flight Schmitt probably took a photograph of the Earth called The Blue Marble, one of the most widely distributed photographic images in existence (NASA officially credits the image to the entire Apollo 17 crew; Schmitt claims that he personally took the image.)

As he returned to the Apollo Lunar Module before his crewmate Gene Cernan, Schmitt is the next-to-last person to have set foot on the moon's surface. After the completion of Apollo 17, Schmitt played an active role in documenting the Apollo geologic results and also took on the task of organizing NASA's Energy Program Office.

Post-NASA career

Schmitt in 2009

In August 1975, Schmitt resigned from NASA to seek election as a Republican to the United States Senate representing New Mexico. Schmitt faced two-term Democratic incumbent, Joseph Montoya, whom he defeated 57% to 42%. He served one term and, notably, was the ranking Republican member of the Science, Technology, and Space Subcommittee. He sought a second term in 1982, but due to a deep recession and concerns that he wasn't paying attention to local matters, he was defeated in a re-election bid by the state Attorney General Jeff Bingaman by a 54% to 46% margin. Following his Senate term, he has been a consultant in business, geology, space, and public policy.

He lives in Silver City, New Mexico, and spends some of his summer at his northern Minnesota lake cabin. He is also an advocate of returning to the moon (see Project Constellation), as the moon could be used as a source of helium-3, a rare isotope of helium that can be used as a fuel for nuclear fusion reactors.

Schmitt is chair of the NASA Advisory Council, whose mandate is to provide technical advice to the NASA Administrator. Schmitt is an adjunct professor of engineering physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is the founder and serves as chairman of Interlune Intermars Initiative Inc., an organization whose goal is to advance the private sector’s acquisition and use of lunar resources.

Schmitt in popular culture

• Schmitt was portrayed by Tom Amandes in the 1998 miniseries From the Earth to the Moon.
• Schmitt was mentioned in Maid in Arlen, an episode of King of the Hill.
• He appeared in an episode of the television show Bill Nye the Science Guy.

Awards and honors

• He was made an honorary fellow of the Geological Society of America for his efforts in geoscience in 1984.
• One of the elementary schools in Schmitt's hometown of Silver City, New Mexico was named in his honor in the mid-1970s. An image of the astronaut riding a rocket through space is displayed on the front of Harrison Schmitt Elementary School.

Media

Schmitt is one of the astronauts featured in the documentary In the Shadow of the Moon. He also contributed to the book "NASA's Scientist-Astronauts" by David Shayler and Colin Burgess.

• Schmitt falls while on a moonwalk during Apollo 17
• Schmitt sings I was strolling on the Moon one day during Apollo 17

External links

• UW prof recounts '72 trip to moon
• Harrison Schmitt visits University of Malta in 2009 and Handaq School