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List of ancient Illyrian cities

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This is a list of Illyrian cities or cities in Illyria, towns, villages, and fortresses by Illyrians ,Veneti & Liburni, Romans, Celts, Dacians, or Greeks located in Illyrian lands or on the border of Illyrian lands.A number of cities in Illyria and later Illyricum were built on the sites or close to the sites of pre-existing Illyrian settlements though that was not always the case.Some settlements may have a double entry i.e. Greek Pola, Istria and Roman Pietas Julia.Some toponyms are reconstructed.

Distribution of cities in antiquity in the border of southern Illyria with Greeks and Thracians

Cities

Illyrian

Venetic & Liburnian

Greek

Celtic

Roman

Illyricum

Dacian

References

  1. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,page 174"... 174 Greek lllvrians Bassania, a town under Roman control. Anicius was based at Apollonia where, in addition to Roman forces, there were 2000 infantry ..."
  2. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,Page 97,"... the Bylliones beyond the river Aous in the hinterland of Apollonia . Their hill-settlement developed later into the town of Byllis, at Gradisht on the right bank of the Aous. ..."
  3. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,,Page 273,"... Scodra and Dyrrhachium were seats of the metropolitans, and there were bishops at Lissus, Doclea, Lychnidus (Ohrid), Scampis, Apollonia, Amantia, Byllis and Aulona. The population of this area were Latin-speaking provincials , ..."
  4. ^ Dalmatia: research in the Roman province 1970-2001 : papers in honour of J.J by David Davison, Vincent L. Gaffney, J. J. Wilkes, Emilio Marin,ISBN-1841717908,2006,page 21,"completely Hellenised town"
  5. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,Page 223,"... Among the southern Illyrians the deposits which provided Damastion (Strabo 7.7, 8), somewhere in the Ohrid region, with a silver coinage may be the same ones that attracted Corinthian ..."
  6. ^ In An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis by Mogens Herman,ISBN 0198140991,2004,,"As a long-distance trading community, Aigina was not an active coloniser, but colonised Kydonia (no. 968) in 519, Adria (no. 75) c.C61, and Damastion in Illyria after 431 (Strabo 8.6.16)."
  7. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0-631-19807-5,Page 99:"... 99 victory would be theirs if they received Cadmus as king. After this had come about as foretold, Cadmus and Harmonia ruled over them and founded the towns of Bouthoe (Budva) and Lychnidus (Ohrid). ..."
  8. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,page 133,"... fortress has remained in use until modern times. Similarly few traces are now to be seen of Illyrian defences at Meteon (Medun), Olcinium (Ulcinj) and Rhizon ..."
  9. ^ Rome and the Mediterranean: books XXXI-XLV of The history of Rome from its ...‎ - page 581 by Livy, Henry Bettenson - 1976,ISBN-0140443185,"Next he arrived at Scodra, the centre of resistance to the Romans not merely because ... it was by far the best-fortified town of the tribe of the Labeates"
  10. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,page 172,"... his ally. In midwinter 170/169 BC Perseus launched a successful raid on the Illyrian Penestae and captured their chief town Uscana ( ..."
  11. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, ISBN 0631198075, Page 188, "... after whom the Roman province Dalmatia was named, their own name being derived from their principal settlement Delminium near Duvno. Beyond the Dinara, Delmatae occupied the plains of Livno, Glamoc, and Duvno, ..."
  12. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, ISBN 0631198075, page 197, "... Illyricum 197 Promona, where the war-leader Verzo had stationed most of his army of 12,000 men. After some fighting the citadel was taken, ..."
  13. ^ Dalmatia by J. J. Wilkes,1969,page 227,"In this area were three small communities of the Delmatae Pituntium(Podstrana) Nareste(Jenesice) and Oneum(Omis)"
  14. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,page 190
  15. ^ Dalmatia by J. J. Wilkes,1969,page 194,"By the early years of Augustus the inhabitants of Alvona the Alutrenses"
  16. ^ Dalmatia by J. J. Wilkes,1969,page 195,"At Flavona the native population was well established and stood up better to the effects of italian settlement in the first century"
  17. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,page 183,"... We may begin with the Venetic peoples, Veneti, Carni, Histri and Liburni, whose language set them apart from the rest of the Illyrians. ..."
  18. ^ The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (eds. Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister) AENONA (Nin) Croatia, Yugoslavia."About 14 km N of Zadar, an important center of the Liburni from the Early Iron Age, as confirmed by the rich finds in several necropoleis of the 9th to the 1st c. B.C."
  19. ^ The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes,1992,ISBN 0631198075,Page 71,"... Place-names from the Illyrian territories add little to our knowledge of the Illyrian language. The recurrent element -ona, for example, Aenona (Nin), Blandona (south Liburnia), Emona (Ljubljana), Narona (Vid), Scardona (Skradin near Sibenik), Salona (Solin near Split), ..."
  20. ^ Pliny's Natural History, Book 3,(C. Plinii Secundi Naturalis Historiæ, Liber III),CHAP. 23. (19.) - ISTRIA, ITS PEOPLE AND LOCALITY."Ateste belonging to the Veneti"
  21. ^ Pliny's Natural History, Book 3,(C. Plinii Secundi Naturalis Historiæ, Liber III),CHAP. 23. (19.) - ISTRIA, ITS PEOPLE AND LOCALITY."In this district there have disappeared--upon the coast--Iramene, Pellaon, and Palsatium, Atina and Cælina belonging to the Veneti "
  22. ^ Pliny's Natural History, Book 3,(C. Plinii Secundi Naturalis Historiæ, Liber III),CHAP. 23. (19.) - ISTRIA, ITS PEOPLE AND LOCALITY."In this district there have disappeared--upon the coast--Iramene, Pellaon, and Palsatium, Atina and Cælina belonging to the Veneti"
  23. ^ Pliny's Natural History, Book 3,(C. Plinii Secundi Naturalis Historiæ, Liber III),CHAP. 23. (19.) - ISTRIA, ITS PEOPLE AND LOCALITY."In this district there have disappeared--upon the coast--Iramene, Pellaon, and Palsatium, Atina and Cælina belonging to the Veneti "
  24. ^ Pliny's Natural History, Book 3,(C. Plinii Secundi Naturalis Historiæ, Liber III),CHAP. 23. (19.) - ISTRIA, ITS PEOPLE AND LOCALITY."In this district there have disappeared--upon the coast--Iramene, Pellaon, and Palsatium, Atina and Cælina belonging to the Veneti "
  25. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,Page 101
  26. ^ The Geography‎ by Ptolemy, Edward Luther Stevenson, Joseph Fischer, New York Public Library - 1991"
  27. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,Page 95,"After Istri is the people of the Liburni.In the territory of that people are the following coastal cities...Tarsatica..."
  28. ^ Dalmatia by J. J. Wilkes,1969,page 216,"Little is know about Sidrona the city of the Sidrini"
  29. ^ The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (eds. Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister)," VARVARIA (Bribir) Croatia, Yugoslavia.A hill fort settlement of the Liburni in N Dalmatia 12 km NW of Scardona (Skradin). "
  30. ^ Death and Burial in the Roman World by J. M. C. Toynbee,1996, page 74: "... at the Liburnian city of Argyruntum in Dalmatia there runs for more than half a kilometre ..."
  31. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,Page 96,"... whose land is the city Epidamnus. A river flows by the city, by name the Palamnus. Then from Epidamnus to Apollonia, a Greek city, the journey on foot takes two days. Apollonia lies fifty stades from the sea and the river ..."
  32. ^ In An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis by Mogens Herman, ISBN 0198140991, 2004, page 342
  33. ^ Public Organization in Ancient Greece: A Documentary Study - by Nicholas F. Jones - 1987,ISBN 0-87169-176-0
  34. ^ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation,ISBN 0198140991,2005,page 1333,"refounded as a Hellenic Byllis not yet a polls in 400"
  35. ^ Lexicon of the Greek and Roman cities and place names in antiquity, ca. 1500 ...‎ by Keith Branigan, Adolf M. Hakkert - 1992,page 121
  36. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,page 96,"From Bouthoe to Epidamnus, a Greek city, the ..."
  37. ^ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,Index
  38. ^ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,Index
  39. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,page 100
  40. ^ Croatia, 2nd: The Bradt Travel Guide Croatiaby Piers Letcher , 2005,ISBN 1841621137,page 225: "... History Trogir started out in the 3rd century ut; as Tragurion, an offshoot of the Greek colony of Issa (on Vis), ..."
  41. ^ Aulus Hirtius,(De Bello Alexandrino c.14)
  42. ^ Austria: Her People & Their Homelands by James Baker,""... dates back to the sixth century B.c., when the Greeks founded here Epidaurus"
  43. ^ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,Index
  44. ^ Diodorus Siculus, "Library", 15.1
  45. ^ Lonely Planet Eastern Europe by Paul Greenway ,page 852,"Founded by the Greeks, Ulcinj"
  46. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,Page 114,"... in the early history of the colony settled in 385 BC on the island Pharos (Hvar) from the Aegean island Paros, famed for its marble. In traditional fashion they accepted the guidance of an oracle, ..."
  47. ^ Pliny's Natural History, Book 3,(C. Plinii Secundi Naturalis Historiæ, Liber III),CHAP. 23. (19.) - ISTRIA, ITS PEOPLE AND LOCALITY."The towns of Istria with the rights of Roman citizens are Ægida4 , Parentium, and the colony of Pola5 , now Pietas Julia, formerly founded by the Colchians"
  48. ^ Nis,Britanica
  49. ^ The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (eds. Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister)," AEQUUM (Čitluk) Croatia, Yugoslavia.The Roman Colonia Claudia Aequum was situated 6 km N of Sinj. It was founded by the emperor Claudius sometime after A.D. 45 and settled with the veterans of Legio VII when they left the neighboring camp at Tilurium for Moesia. "
  50. ^ Lexicon of the Greek and Roman cities and place names in antiquity, ca. 1500 ...‎ by Keith Branigan - 1992 ,page 88,"... but evidence available indicates that Kotor is the most likely site for the Roman town Acruvium"
  51. ^ Bagendon: a Belgic oppidum: a record of the excavations of 1954-56‎ - page 1 by Elsie M. Clifford - 1961 -"CHAPTER I THE BAGENDON SITE THE IDENTIFICATION OF CORINIUM ... and was therefore called by the Roman Corinium"
  52. ^ The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (eds. Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister)," BURNUM (Ivoševci by Kistanje) Croatia, Yugoslavia.The military camp of Legio XI Claudia Pia Fidelis situated over the gorge of the Krka (Titius) river just opposite the Dalmatian hill fort on the E river bank"
  53. ^ Roman life and manners under the early Empire‎ - page 302 - by Ludwig Friedlaender - 1965 ,"Claudius settled veterans at Cumae, Cologne, Sicum in Dalmatia, Camulodunum in Britain, ..."
  54. ^ The central Balkan tribes in pre-Roman times: Triballi, Autariatae ...‎ - page 198 by Fanula Papazoglu - 1978 - "... the Peutinger Table marks 40 miles from Naissus, on the Naissus- founded by Auielian"
  55. ^ Hauptstädte in Südosteuropa: Geschichte, Funktion, nationale Symbolkraft by Harald Heppner,page 134
  56. ^ The Roman army, 31 BC-AD 337: a sourcebook‎ - page 215 by J. B. Campbell,ISBN-0415071739,1994,"The civilian colony of Narona had been founded at the end of Caesar's dictatorship"
  57. ^ The Cambridge ancient history, Volume 10 by Alan K. Bowman, Edward Champlin, Andrew Lintott,page 845,"The colony of Salona on the Dalmatian coast used almost identical formulae in dedicating an altar of Jupiter Optimus Maximus"
  58. ^ The Roman army as a community: including papers of a conference held at ...by Adrian Keith Goldsworthy, Ian Haynes, Colin E. P. Adams,ISBN-1887829342,1997,page 39,"the colony at Scupi which lost its original title Domitiana after Domitians death"
  59. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,page 216,"... hand, the Deraemestae (30) were formed from several smaller groups in the vicinity of the new Roman colony established at Epidaurum (Cavtat near Dubrovnik). ..."
  60. ^ The archaeology of Roman towns: studies in honour of John S. Wacher‎ -,ISBN-1842171038, page 235 ,by J. S. Wacher, Peter R. Wilson - 2003 -,"The reward was the status of Roman colony and an infusion of new settlers, granted either by Caesar himself ... at Fulfinium and in the south on the"
  61. ^ Yugoslavia: the Adriatic Coast‎ - page 74 by Stuart Rossiter - 1969 -"... by boat or on foot) with the massive overgrown ruins of a 5C early Christian basilica and remains of an extensive Roman settlement (? Fulfinium)"
  62. ^ Dalmatia: research in the Roman province 1970-2001 : papers in honour of J.J,page 108, by David Davison, Vincent L. Gaffney, J. J. Wilkes, Emilio Marin,ISBN-1841717908,2006,"For instance, the town walls of Arba were constructed under Augustus"
  63. ^ The archaeology of Roman towns: studies in honour of John S. Wacher‎ ,page 237,by J. S. Wacher, Peter R. Wilson -,ISBN-1842171038, 2003,"Roman island towns in Liburnia were Arba"
  64. ^ Pliny's Natural History, Book 3,(C. Plinii Secundi Naturalis Historiæ, Liber III),CHAP. 23. (19.) - ISTRIA, ITS PEOPLE AND LOCALITY."The towns of Istria with the rights of Roman citizens are Ægida4 , Parentium, and the colony of Pola5 , now Pietas Julia, formerly founded by the Colchians"
  65. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,page 213,"On the Dalmatian coast several existing Roman settlements appear to have been strengthened and organised as colonies including...Senia..."
  66. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,page 213
  67. ^ The Roman army as a community: including papers of a conference held at ...by Adrian Keith Goldsworthy, Ian Haynes, Colin E. P. Adams,ISBN-1887829342,1997,page 100
  68. ^ Five Roman emperors: Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Nerva, Trajan, A.D. 69-117‎ - by Bernard William Henderson - 1969, page 278,"At Thermidava he was warmly greeted by folk quite obviously Dacians"

See also

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