Kalkatungu language

Kalkatungu
Kalkatungu
Region	Mount Isa area, Queensland, Australia
Extinct	(date missing)
Language family	Pama–Nyungan? Galgadungic? Kalkatungic? Kalkatungu; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	ktg
ELP	Kalkatungu
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Kalkatungu (also written Kalkutungu, Galgadungu, Kalkutung, Kalkadoon, Galgaduun) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken around the area of Mount Isa, Queensland.

Classification

Kalkatungu is sometimes grouped with Yalarnnga as the Kalkatungic or Galgadungic branch of the Pama–Nyungan family. O'Grady et al, however, ^[1], classify it as the sole member of the "Kalkatungic group" of the Pama-Nyungan family while Dixon(2002)^[2] regards it as simply an areal group. According to Ethnologue, Kalkatungu is now extinct and members of this ethnic group now speak English.

Phonology

Vowels

	Front	Zurück
Hoch	i iː	u uː
Niedrig	a aː

Consonants

^[3]

	Peripheral		Laminal		Apical
	Bilabial	Velar	Palatal	Dental	Alveolar	Retroflex
Stop	p	k	c	t̪	t	ʈ
Nasal	m	ŋ	ɲ	n̪	n	ɳ
Lateral			ʎ	l̪	l	ɭ
Rhotic					r	ɻ
Semivowel	w		j

Stress

Like in English, word stress is realised in terms of loudness. Sentence stress is also organised similar to English with the first syllable in the final word of a phonological phrase getting the main stress.(tonic stress) Moreover,if there are more than two words in a phrase, the first syllable of the first word receives more stress than the non-final words.

Kalkatungu sign language

Kendon (1988)shows in his work that Kalkatungu also had a developed sign form of their language.^[4]

References

^ ) O'Grady G.N Voegelen C.F,Voegelen F.M (1966) Languages of the Indo Pacific Fascicle six Anthropological linguistics 8/2
^ *Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
^ *Blake, B. J. (1979). A Kalkatungu grammar. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
^ Kendon, A. (1988) Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

External links

Ethnologue report for language code:ktg

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[1] ) O'Grady G.N Voegelen C.F,Voegelen F.M (1966) Languages of the Indo Pacific Fascicle six Anthropological linguistics 8/2

[2] *Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[3] *Blake, B. J. (1979). A Kalkatungu grammar. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

[4] Kendon, A. (1988) Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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