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Pechorsky District

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Pechorsky District
Печорский район
District
Coat of arms of Pechorsky District
Coat of arms
Location of Pechorsky District in Pskov Oblast
Location of Pechorsky District in Pskov Oblast
Coordinates: 57°49′N 27°36′E / 57.817°N 27.600°E / 57.817; 27.600
CountryRussia
Federal subjectPskov Oblast[1]
EstablishedJanuary 16, 1945[2]
Administrative centerPechory[3]
Area
[4]
 • Total1,251 km2 (483 sq mi)
Population
 (2010 Census)[5]
 • Total22,123
 • Density18/km2 (46/sq mi)
Administrative structure
 • Inhabited localities[3]1 cities/towns, 386 rural localities
Municipal structure
 • Municipally incorporated asPechorsky Municipal District[3]
 • Municipal divisions[3]1 urban settlements, 6 rural settlements
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[6])
OKTMO ID58640000
Websitehttp://pechory.reg60.ru/

Pechorsky District (Russian: Печо́рский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[3] district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Pskovsky District in the northwest, Palkinsky District in the southeast, Alūksne municipality of Latvia in the southwest, and Võru and Põlva Counties of Estonia in the northwest. Lake Peipus limits the district from the north. The area of the district is 1,251 square kilometers (483 sq mi).[4] Its administrative center is the town of Pechory.[3] Population: Template:Ru-census2010prelim 25,300 (2002 Census);[7] 27,199 (1989 Soviet census).[8] Population of Pechory accounts for 50.6% of the district's population.[5]

The Setos, a Finnic-speaking ethnic and linguistic minority, live in the district.

Geography

Almost the whole area of the district belongs to the drainage basin of Lake Peipus. The rivers in the eastern part flow into the Velikaya River, whereas the rivers in the northwestern part of the district, including the Piusa River, flow into Lake Peipus directly. Minor areas in the southwest of the district belong to the basin of the Pededze River and thus to the basin of the Daugava. A number of islands on Lake Peipus also belong to the district. In particular, the Kolpina Island, the largest island of Lake Peipus, with the area of 11.02 square kilometers (4.25 sq mi), is a part of Pechorsky District.[4]

History

Historically, the area was first mentioned in the Primary Chronicle, which describes that in 862 Truvor, a legendary brother of Rurik, the first prince of Rus, became the prince of Izborsk in 862. The current scholarly interpretation denies the existence of Truvor, but in any case the area was already a part of Russian Lands in the 9th century. Later, it was dependent on Pskov, and in 1510 together with Pskov it was included to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The Pskov-Cave Monastery was founded in the 15th century. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off, and in 1772, Pskov Governorate was established. (Between 1777 and 1796, it existed as Pskov Viceroyalty). In 1776, Pechory was granted town status, and Pechorsky Uyezd was established, but in 1797, Pechorsky Uyezd was abolished, and the area was ade ma part of Pskovsky Uyezd of Pskov Governorate.[9]

During the last year of World War I, from February to December 1918, the town of Pechory was occupied by German forces. The town was subsequently captured by Estonian forces on March 29, 1919, during the Estonian War of Independence. The Treaty of Tartu, signed on February 2, 1920, assigned Pechory and its surrounding territory, the Setomaa region, to Estonia. Pechory was renamed Petseri and the area became Petseri County (Petserimaa). In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, and the area was a part of Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. Between August 1941 and August 1944 the area was occupied by German troops. On January 16, 1945 the greater part of Petserimaa was transferred from Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic to Pskov Oblast, and Pechorsky District with the administrative center in Pechory was created.[2]

On January 16, 1945 also Kachanovsky District, with the center in the selo of Kachanovo, was created on the areas transferred from Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic to Pskov Oblast. On January 14, 1958 Kachanovsky District was abolished and split between Pechorsky and Palkinsky Districts.[10]

After Estonian independence was re-established in 1991, the district was claimed by Estonia because of the Tartu Peace Treaty, in which the Soviet Union had relinquished further claims on Estonian territory.[11] In November 1995, a report said that Estonia had dropped this claim.[12] A newer Estonian-Russian Border Treaty was signed by Estonia on May 18, 2005, reflecting the later border changes,[13] but was rejected and cancelled by Russia on 27 June 2005, because of references to Soviet occupation were added.[14][15]

Restricted access

The part of the district along the state border is included into a border security zone, intended to protect the borders of the Russian Federation from unwanted activity. In order to visit the zone, a permit issued by the local Federal Security Service department is required.[16]

Economy

Industry

In the district, there are enterprises of timber and food industry, as well as production of construction materials, particularly ceramics.[17]

Agriculture

As of 2011, there were ten large- and mid-scale farms acting in the district. They mainly specialize in meat and milk production, as well as in crops growing.[18]

Transportation

A railroad connecting Pskov and Tartu crosses the district from east to west. The main stations inside the district are Pechory and Novoizborsk. A railway line to Võru and Valga branches off in Pechory. There is passenger rail traffic between Pskov and Pechory; however, all passenger traffic between Pechory and Estonia has been discontinued.

Culture and recreation

The district contains eighty-three cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally sixty-three objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[19] The federal monuments include, among others, the ensemble of the Pskov-Caves Monastery, founded in the 15th century, and the fortress of Izborsk, which in its current state was build in the 14th century. The district contains a large number of archeological sites as well.

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b Law #833-oz
  2. ^ a b Манаков, А.Г. "Народность сето" (in Russian). Музей-заповедник Изборск. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Law #420-oz
  4. ^ a b c "Географическая характеристика" (in Russian). Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference 2010Census was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  7. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  8. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  9. ^ "Печорский край" (in Russian). Псковский край. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  10. ^ "История района" (in Russian). Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  11. ^ Georg von Rauch (1974), The Baltic States: The Years of Independence, 1917–1940, London: C. Hurst & Co.
  12. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=dt2TXexiKTgC&pg=PT455&dq=%22Petseri+County%22&sig=ACfU3U2Md8I0JrpQE1wzxyESv-BsbixbnA#v=onepage&q=%22Petseri%20County%22&f=false
  13. ^ http://www.estemb.se/estonian_review/aid-427 Estonian Parliament ratifies Estonian-Russian border treaties
  14. ^ "Russia spurns Estonia border deal". BBC News. 27 June 2005. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  15. ^ Socor, Vladimir. "Russia cancels border treaty, assails Estonia". The Jameston Foundation. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  16. ^ "Приказ ФСБ РФ от 2 июня 2006 года N 242 "О пределах пограничной зоны на территории Псковской области"; Приказ ФСБ России от 21 апреля 2007 г. N 201 "О внесении изменения в приказ ФСБ России 2 июня 2006 года N 242 "О пределах пограничной зоны на территории Псковской области"". Rossiyskaya Gazeta (in Russian). 2006.
  17. ^ "Промышленность" (in Russian). Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
  18. ^ "Сельское хозяйство" (in Russian). Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
  19. ^ "Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации" (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 7, 2011.

Sources

  • Псковское областное Собрание депутатов. Закон №833-оз от 5 февраля 2009 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Псковской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №20, 10 февраля 2009 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #833-oz of February 5, 2009 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast. Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • Псковское областное Собрание депутатов. Закон №420-оз от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области», в ред. Закона №1542-ОЗ от 5 июня 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Псковской области "Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №41–43, №44–46, №49–51, 4 марта 2005 г., 5 марта 2005 г., 11 марта 2005 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #420-oz of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast, as amended by the Law #1542-OZ of June 5, 2015 On Amending the Law of Pskov Oblast "On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
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