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Samuel Lount

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Historical plaque to Sam Lount at Holland Landing, Ontario
File:Sam Lount hanging plaque.jpg
The site of Lount's hanging at King and Toronto Streets is marked
Emanuel Hahn's Memorial to Lount at Mackenzie House, Toronto
Sharon Temple located in Sharon, Ontario, Canada

Samuel Lount (September 24, 1791 – April 12, 1838) was a blacksmith, farmer, magistrate and member of the Legislative Assembly in the province of Upper Canada for Simcoe County from 1834 to 1836. He was an organizer of the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837, for which he was hanged. His execution made him a martyr to the Upper Canadian Reform movement.[1]

Early life

Lount was born in Catawissa, Pennsylvania, United States, in 1791 of Quaker parents. He emigrated to Whitchurch Township in Upper Canada in 1811 with his extended family, all Quakers belonging to the Yonge Street Monthly Meeting of the Society of Friends (now Newmarket). Lount never appears to have been a member of this pacifist church, nor of the closely related Children of Peace in nearby Sharon.[2] He was trapped in Pennsylvania during the War of 1812, and returned to Whitchurch only in 1815. That year, he married Elizabeth Soules, by whom he had seven children. He briefly kept a tavern in Newmarket while doing work as a surveyor, but spent most of his adult life as a blacksmith in Holland Landing. Lount was also on the Committee of Management for the company that built the first steamboat on Lake Simcoe, "The Colborne." In much of his business, he worked as an agent of his older brother, George Lount, a prominent Newmarket merchant; their partnership ended in 1836.[3]

Political activity

Samuel Lount first became politically active after the unjust expulsion of William Lyon Mackenzie, the elected Reform representative for York County from the Provincial Assembly by the "Family Compact." The "Upper Canada Central Political Union" was formed on 21 January 1833 in Toronto to organize petitions to the Crown on Mackenzie's behalf. The Simcoe County branch was organized by Samuel Lount in Holland Landing, and the Fourth Riding of York branch was organized by his cousin, Samuel Hughes, an elder of the Children of Peace in Sharon.[4]

In 1834, he was elected to the 12th Parliament of Upper Canada representing Simcoe County. In the Legislature, he sat on the committee to incorporate Canada's first farmers' co-operative, the "Farmers Storehouse Company", managed by his cousin Samuel Hughes of Sharon.[5] Lount, like many reformers, was defeated in the election of 1836 due to widespread electoral fraud and violence. Charles Duncombe, who was another leader of the Rebellion, carried a Reform petition on the electoral irregularities in Lount's case to London but was refused an audience by the British Colonial Office.[6]

1837 Rebellion

Main article: Upper Canada Rebellion

In July 1837, just after the death of King William IV, William Lyon Mackenzie began organizing a "constitutional convention." Delegates would be selected by Reform associations around the province, who would meet to defend Upper Canada's constitution. The Tories refused to call an election after the death of the king, as the constitution required, making the Tory dominated House of Assembly illegal. At a meeting held in Newmarket in August, Samuel Lount, Samuel Hughes, Nelson Gorham, Silas Fletcher, Jeremiah Graham and John McIntosh were selected as delegates. All but Hughes and McIntosh were among the primary organizers of the rebel farmers who were to march on the city of Toronto on 7 December 1837.[7] Lount organized the volunteers from the Children of Peace community in Sharon to join a planned march on Toronto and joined the rebel group gathered at Montgomery’s Tavern.

When the rebellion fell apart, Lount attempted to flee to the United States, but was arrested and accused of treason. Despite a petition signed by 35,000 Upper Canadians demanding clemency, Lount was hanged on April 12, 1838 in the courtyard of the King Street Gaol at King and Toronto Streets in Toronto. Peter Matthews, another public-spirited farmer who participated in the rebellion, was executed alongside him.[8]

Lount had intervened to try to get medical aid for loyalist Lieutenant Colonel Robert Moodie and had stopped Mackenzie from burning the house of sheriff William Botsford Jarvis. However, the Executive Council of the province had felt that they needed to set an example. Lount was accompanied by Matthews.

Lount's last words were recorded: "Be of good courage boys, I am not ashamed of anything I've done, I trust in God, and I'm going to die like a man."[9] These words are replicated on a historical plaque near the site of the jail where he was executed.

Samuel Lount, a 1985 film by Laurence Keane and Elvira Mary Lount (a great-great-grandniece of Samuel), portrayed the life of Samuel Lount (R. H. Thomson).[10]

Notes

  1. ^ Lount, Samuel. "Dictionary of Canadian Biography".
  2. ^ Schrauwers, Albert (1993). Awaiting the Millennium: The Children of Peace and the Village of Hope 1812-1889. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 160.
  3. ^ Colonial Advocate. 21 March 1836. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ^ Schrauwers, Albert (2009). Union is Strength: W.L. Mackenzie, the Children of Peace, and the Emergence of Joint Stock Democracy in Upper Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 130.
  5. ^ Schrauwers, Albert (2009). Union is Strength: W.L. Mackenzie, the Children of Peace, and the Emergence of Joint Stock Democracy in Upper Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 118.
  6. ^ Schrauwers, Albert (2009). Union is Strength: W.L. Mackenzie, the Children of Peace, and the Emergence of Joint Stock Democracy in Upper Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 188.
  7. ^ Schrauwers, Albert (2009). Union is Strength: W.L. Mackenzie, the Children of Peace, and the Emergence of Joint Stock Democracy in Upper Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 195–8.
  8. ^ Healey, Robynne Rogers (2006). From Quaker to Upper Canadian: Faith And Community Among Yonge Street Friends, 1801-1850. Kingston-Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 165.
  9. ^ Old Toronto: A selection of excerpts from Landmarks of Toronto, by John Ross Robertson, E.C. Kyte (editor), Macmillan, Toronto, 1954, p. 133.
  10. ^ "Utopia Pictures".

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